Girbi na yara
 Girbi na yara | |
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Girbi na yara ko girbi na jarirai yana nufin siyar da yara na ɗan adam, yawanci don tallafi ta iyalai a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, amma wani lokacin don wasu dalilai, gami da fataucin mutane. Kalmar ta ƙunshi yanayi iri-iri da digiri na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da tilasta jiki. Shirye-shiryen girbi na yara ko wuraren da suke faruwa a wasu lokuta ana kiransu masana'antun jarirai ko gonakin jarirai.
Hanyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- See also: Child laundering
Bayan an sami yaro ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban da aka ambata a ƙasa, ana canza asalin yaron ko iyaye ko duka biyun a cikin tsari da aka sani da wankewar yaro.
Masana'antar jarirai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mata na iya yin ciki da niyyar sayar da jariransu, da yardar rai ko tilasta. Gidajen da ake haihuwar jarirai da sayar da su an san su da "masana'antar jarirai" ko "gonawan jarirai". Za a iya ɓoye su a matsayin gidajen haihuwa, gidajen marayu, asibitoci da ƙananan masana'antu. Sau da yawa talauci ne ke motsa aikin. A wasu lokuta akwai haɗuwa da maye gurbin kasuwanci, inda abokin tarayya na namiji da ke sayen jariri kuma yana ba da maniyyi. Asibitocin tituna ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar wannan sun wanzu a Kenya. Wani kamfani mai suna Baby101 yana da masana'antar jariri a Thailand wanda 'yan sanda suka kwace a shekarar 2011.[1] An rubuta masana'antun jarirai da ke aiki ta hanyar kafofin sada zumunta a Malaysia a cikin 2016. [2] Yawancin masana'antun jarirai da aka gano suna samuwa a Kudancin Najeriya, tare da babban abin da ya faru a Ondo, Ogun, Imo, Akwa Ibom Abia da Anambra.
Masana'antun jarirai wani lokacin sun yaudari ko sace mata don a yi musu fyade don sayar da jaririnsu. A shekara ta 2008, an bayyana cibiyar sadarwa ta masana'antun jarirai da ke da'awar zama marayu, a Enugu, Jihar Enugu (Najeriya), ta hanyar hare-haren 'yan sanda. A watan Yunin 2011, a Aba, Najeriya, an saki 'yan mata masu juna biyu 32 daga gonar jariri wanda ya yi iƙirarin taimaka wa matasa masu juna biyu amma zai tilasta musu su ba da jaririnsu. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an sami mata masu juna biyu goma sha bakwai (talatin bisa ga wasu kafofin ) a Ihiala, Anambra, a asibitin Gidauniyar Iheanyi Ezuma. An gano wasu masana'antun jarirai biyar a cikin 2013, kuma an gano wasu takwas a cikin 2015.
Garkuwa da mutane
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An san zoben da aka shirya a Nairobi don sace 'ya'yan uwaye marasa gida. Wannan yawanci yayin da iyalai ke barci a kan titi amma kuma ta hanyar samun amincewar mahaifiyar. A cikin shekarun 1990s, an yi jita-jita cewa masu satar yara sun saba yawo a kasar a Guatemala, wanda ke da dokoki masu laushi da ke tsara tallafi. A cikin shekarun 1980s, ma'aikata a wasu asibitoci a Sri Lanka sun shiga cikin sace jarirai don tallafi na duniya. Sun sanar da uwaye na halitta cewa jarirai sun mutu kuma sun biya wasu mata su yi aiki a matsayin uwaye na ainihi. Jiha kuma na iya shiga cikin irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren. A lokacin Manufar Ɗaya daga cikin Yara a China, lokacin da aka ba mata damar samun ɗa ɗaya kawai, gwamnatocin gida galibi suna ba da izinin mace ta haihu sannan kuma za su ɗauki jaririn. Masu fataucin yara, galibi gwamnati ce ke biyan su, za su sayar da yara ga marayu waɗanda za su shirya tallafi na kasa da kasa wanda ya kai dubban daloli, yana ba da riba ga gwamnati.[3]
Haɗuwa da yara da ba a so
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- See also: Child selling
Mata da ke da ɗa ko suna da ciki da ɗa wanda suke jin ba su iya ko ba su son kula da su an kusanci su don a maimakon haka su haifi jaririn don a sayar da shi ga waɗanda ke neman yaro. An nuna rashin amincewa da daukar ciki na matasa da rashin samun damar zubar da ciki a matsayin abubuwan da ke motsawa. ma'aikatan jima'i na Baƙo a Malaysia waɗanda suka yi juna biyu sun shiga irin wannan musayar saboda ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a gare su haifi yara.[2] Wadanda ke kusantar su galibi ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya ne. 'Yan sanda sun karya irin wannan makirci a wani asibiti a Gwailor a Indiya a cikin 2016.[4] 'Yan sanda sun karya irin wannan makirci a wani asibiti a Misira a shekarar 2012.[5]
Kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samun tallafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Girbi na yara yana da alaƙa da kuma ya zama ruwan dare a wasu kasuwannin tallafi na duniya.[6][7] Abubuwan da aka ambata da ke haifar da wannan sune cin zarafin ma'aurata marasa haihuwa, farashin taimakon fasahar haihuwa kamar in vitro fertilization, da matsaloli a tallafi kamar karɓar al'adu, doka, ko wahalar gudanarwa.[5][8]
Aikin tilasta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- See also: Prostitution of children
Har ila yau, girbi na yara na iya shiga cikin yanayin da ake fataucin yara don samar da Aikin bawa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da ƙungiyoyin bara, shuka-shuke, ma'adinai, masana'antu, a matsayin ma'aikatan gida, ko kuma a matsayin ma-aikatan jima'i.[2][9][10]
Hadaya ta al'ada
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai ƙananan zarge-zarge cewa wasu shirye-shiryen girbi na yara suna ba da jarirai don a azabtarwa da su ko a miƙa su a cikin sihiri ko al'adun maita; wannan da alama damuwa ne a Najeriya .
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ayyukan yara
- Yin wanki na yara
- Sayar da yara
- Cinikin yara
- Cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci
- Cinikin mutane a Najeriya
- Cinikin yara
- Jerin abubuwan kunya na tallafi na kasa da kasa
- Matsayi na maye gurbin
- Fasahar haihuwa mai taimakawa
- Samun tallafi
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBangkokTheHuffingtonPost - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Malaysia: Babies for Sale". Al Jazeera News. 24 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
- ↑ "'One Child Nation' Exposes the Tragic Consequences of Chinese Population Control". Reason TV. 2019-08-16. Archived from the original on 2024-12-19. Retrieved 2025-01-21.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ↑ "India: Cops bust 'baby farm' where you can buy an infant for $1,400 – Crime – Dunya News".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Egypt Police Bust Baby Trafficking Ring". news.com.au.
- ↑ "International Baby Harvesting and Adoption-Abduction". adoption-articles.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
- ↑ Press, Berkeley Electronic. "SelectedWorks – David M. Smolin". works.bepress.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
- ↑ Makinde, Olusesan Ayodeji; Olaleye, Olalekan; Makinde, Olufunmbi Olukemi; Huntley, Svetlana S.; Brown, Brandon (July 24, 2015). "Child harvesting". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 18 (1): 98–105. doi:10.1177/1524838015591588. PMID 26209095. S2CID 9985947.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedNigeriaDailyNews - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedNigeriaAFP
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Masana'antar jarirai: Yadda ake yin ciki, haihuwa a VanguardMai gaba
- Bidiyo: Haɗin Najeriya na II (18:15-23:10) na Al Jazeera
- Masana'antun jarirai a Najeriya: Fara tattaunawa game da manufofin rigakafin kasa a cikin Trauma, Violence and Abuse Journal, Yuli 2015.
- Masana'antun jarirai sun lalata maye gurbin a Najeriya a cikin Jaridar Biomedicine Online, Oktoba, 2015
- Cinikin jarirai da masana'antun jarirai: Sabon Labari na Cin zarafin Yara a Najeriya a cikin Jaridar Binciken Cin zarafin yara, Nuwamba 2015