Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin 365

Girgizar ƙasa ta tsibirin 365

35°N 23°E
Iri	girgizar ƙasa natural disaster (en) masifa
Kwanan watan	21 ga Yuli, 365
Wuri	Crete
Ƙasa	Greek
Earthquake magnitude on the moment magnitude scale (en)	8.6
Modified Mercalli intensity scale (en)	Mercalli scale XI (en)
Adadin waɗanda suka rasu	unknown value
Adadin waɗanda suka samu raunuka	unknown value

Girgizar ƙasa ta 365 ta Crete ta faru ne a lokacin fitowar rana a ranar 21 ga Yuli 365 a Gabashin Bahar Rum, tare da abin da ake zaton cibiyar kusa da tsibirin Crete. Masana ilimin ƙasa a yau sun kiyasta girgizar ƙasa ta karkashin teku ta kasance mai Girka 8.5 ko mafi girma. Ya haifar da lalacewa a tsakiya da kudancin Diocese na Makidoniya (Girkiya ta zamani), Afirka Proconsularis (arewacin Libya), Misira, Cyprus, Sicily, da Hispania (Spain). A tsibirin Karita, kusan dukkanin garuruwa sun lalace.

Girgizar kasa ta biyo bayan 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wanda ya lalata kudancin da gabashin gabar Bahar Rum, musamman Libya, Alexandria, da Nilu Delta, inda ya kashe dubban mutane kuma ya jefa jiragen ruwa 3 a cikin ƙasa. Girgizar ta bar zurfin ra'ayi a kan marigayi tsohuwar tunanin, kuma marubuta da yawa na lokacin sun ambaci taron a cikin ayyukansu.

Shaidar ilimin ƙasa

Tsarin tsawo (mita) da ke da alaƙa da girgizar ƙasa ta 365 a yammacin tsibirin Crete bayan Flemming 1978

Binciken ƙasa na baya-bayan nan (2001) ya nuna girgizar ƙasa ta Crete 365 dangane da tarin manyan ayyukan girgizar ƙasa a Gabashin Bahar Rum tsakanin ƙarni na huɗu da na shida wanda wataƙila ya nuna sake kunna dukkan manyan iyakokin faranti a yankin. Ana tsammanin girgizar ƙasa ce ke da alhakin ɗaga 9 metres (30 ft) na tsibirin Crete, wanda aka kiyasta ya yi daidai da lokacin girgizar ƙasa na 1×10²² N⋅m (7.4×10²¹ lbf⋅ft), ko kuma 8.6 a ma'aunin girman lokacin . Girgizar ƙasa mai irin wannan girma ta fi duk waɗanda aka sani na zamani sun shafi yankin.

Rubuce-rubucen carbon ya nuna cewa corals a bakin tekun tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri an ɗaga su mita goma (33 feet) kuma sun fita daga ruwa a cikin babban turawa. Wannan ya nuna cewa tsunami na 365 ya samo asali ne daga girgizar ƙasa a cikin wani mummunan kuskure a cikin Hellenic Trench kusa da tsibirin Crete. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa irin wannan babban tashin hankali zai iya faruwa sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekaru 5,000; duk da haka, sauran sassan kuskuren na iya zamewa a kan irin wannan sikelin - kuma wannan na iya faruwa kowane shekaru 800 ko haka. Ba a tabbatar da ko "ɗaya daga cikin sassan da ke kusa da su na iya zamewa a nan gaba"

Rashin ruwa ya karu sosai a wasu yankuna na Bahar Rum, yayin da wasu yankuna ke da raƙuman ruwa da suka koma ruwa mai zurfi.

Shaidar wallafe-wallafen

Babban sassan Apollonia, a cikin Libya ta zamani, sun nutse

Masana tarihi suna ci gaba da muhawara ko tsoffin tushe suna nufin girgizar ƙasa guda ɗaya a cikin 365, ko kuma suna wakiltar tarihin haɗuwa da girgizar kasa da yawa da ke faruwa tsakanin 350 da 450. Fassarar shaidar wallafe-wallafen da suka tsira tana da rikitarwa ta hanyar halin marubutan zamanin d ̄ a na bayyana bala'i'o'i na halitta a matsayin martani na allahntaka ko gargadi ga abubuwan siyasa da na addini. Musamman, mummunan rikici tsakanin karuwar Kiristanci da arna a lokacin ya haifar da marubutan zamani don karkatar da shaidar. Don haka, Sophist Libanius da masanin tarihin coci Sozomenus sun bayyana sun haɗa babban girgizar ƙasa na 365 tare da wasu ƙananan don gabatar da shi a matsayin baƙin ciki ko fushi na Allah - dangane da ra'ayinsu - don mutuwar Sarkin sarakuna Julian, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin dawo da addinin arna shekaru biyu da suka gabata.

Archaeology

Shaidar archaeological don mummunar tasirin girgizar ƙasa ta 365 an bayar da ita ta hanyar binciken binciken da aka yi wanda ya rubuta lalacewar yawancin garuruwa da birane na dā a Gabas da Kudancin Bahar Rum a kusa da 365.

Rushewar Palazzo delle Colonne a Ptolemais, Libya, inda ginshiƙi ya rushe da gawar mutum da aka samu a cikin tafkin peristyle ya tabbatar da lalacewar kwatsam da girgizar kasa ta haifar

A Cyrenaica (arewa maso yammacin Libya), tarin tsabar kudi guda biyu sun tabbatar da lalacewa: daya daga Balagrae, wanda aka dawo da shi a ƙarƙashin ambulacrum na Wurin Wuri Mai Tsarki na Asclepius, kuma wani daga Cyrene, wanda aka samo a ƙarƙashin tsarin gida na tsohuwar kudu da Lower Agora. Dukkanin tarin sun kunshi mafi yawan ƙananan tsabar tagulla da aka yi tsakanin 350 da 361, tare da sabon tsabar kudi mai ganewa wanda ya kasance zuwa 364. Ragowar gine-gine a duk faɗin wannan yankin suna nuna lalacewar girgizar ƙasa. A Cyrene, tonowa a cikin Agora, Arewacin Stoa, Gidan Jason Magnus, Baths na Trajan, da Haikali na Apollo, duk sun gano ginshiƙan da suka fadi tare da drum din da aka sauya a jere, ganuwar da aka juye, da ganuwar sun rushe a ciki, alamu da suka dace da motsi na ƙasa mai tsanani maimakon lalacewa a hankali. A lokuta da yawa, an gano gawarwakin mutum da aka murkushe a ƙarƙashin masonry da ya faɗi, yana tabbatar da yanayin kwatsam da kisa na taron. An rubuta irin wannan lalacewa a Ptolemais, inda ginshiƙai da suka rushe tare da Via Monumentale kuma a cikin fadar ba a sake dawo da su ba, duk da matakan sake gina mulkin mallaka daga baya. An gano ragowar mazauna da ke ƙoƙarin tserewa a cikin tafkin peristyle na Palazzo delle Colonne na birnin.