Glarus

Glarus
Wuri
47°01′59″N 9°03′59″E
Jiha	Switzerland
Canton of Switzerland (en)	Canton of Glarus (en)
Babban birnin	Canton of Glarus (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	12,886 (2024)
• Yawan mutane	124.29 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Swiss Standard German (en)
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	103.68 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Klöntalersee (en) , Chlü (en) , Löntsch (en) da Linth (mul)
Altitude (en)	474 m
Sun raba iyaka da	Innerthal (mul) Glarus Süd (mul) Muotathal (mul) Glarus Nord (mul)
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Ennenda (en) , Glarus (en) , Netstal (en) da Riedern (en)
Ƙirƙira	1 ga Janairu, 2011:  Municipality of Switzerland (en)
Muhimman sha'ani	community merger in Switzerland (en) (1 ga Janairu, 2011)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	8750
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	055
Swiss municipality code (en)	1632
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	glarus.ch

Glarus (de-CHde-CHde-CH; Jamusanci Alemannic: Glaris; Faransanci: Glaris fr; Italiyanci: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) babban birnin Glarus ne a Switzerland. Tun daga 1 ga Janairu, 2011, gundumar Glarus ta ƙunshi tsoffin gundumomin Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn.

Glarus yana kan kogin Linth tsakanin ƙafar Glärnisch (ɓangaren Schwyzer Alps) zuwa yamma da Schilt (Glarus Alps) zuwa gabas. Gine-gine kaɗan da aka gina kafin wutar 1861 suka rage. Itace, masaku, da robobi, da kuma bugu, sune kan gaba a masana'antu. Alamar birnin ita ce cocin birnin Neo-Romanesque.

Cocin Glarus, wanda aka gina a 1861 bayan gobara ta lalata tsohuwar cocin da yawancin garin Glarus

Yankin cocin

An fara ambaton Glarus a farkon karni na 9 a cikin Latin a matsayin Clarona . A cikin 1178 an fara ambata shi a cikin Jamusanci a matsayin Glarus .

A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 878, Sarkin sarakuna Charles the Fat ya ba matarsa Richgard ko Richardis gidajen ibada na Säckingen, na St. Felix da na Regula a Zürich a matsayin gidan sarauta. Wannan tallafin ƙasa ya haɗa da haƙƙin siyasa masu yawa da kuma babban ƙasa. Wannan ƙasa ta rufe ƙasa a cikin kwarin Rhine da Frick, Kudancin Hotzenwald, ƙasa a Zürich, tare da tafkin Walen da kwarin Glarus. Glarus ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Säckingen Abbey har zuwa 1395 (na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar ko dai Counts na Lenzburg da Kyburg da / ko Raetia Curiensis), lokacin da kwarin Glarus ya rabu da abbey kuma ya zama mai zaman kansa..

Ya zama babban birnin kwarin Linth a cikin 1419. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, kwarin ya fara haɓaka masana'antu. Huldrych Zwingli shugaban Ɗaukakawa a Switzerland ya yi hidima a matsayinsa na farko, na Roman Katolika, na coci a Glarus, tun daga shekara ta 1506. Ya yi hidima a can na tsawon shekaru goma. A Glarus ne, wanda ake amfani da sojojinsa a matsayin 'yan haya a Turai, Zwingli ya shiga harkokin siyasa. Ƙungiyar Swiss Confederation ta shiga cikin kamfen daban-daban tare da maƙwabta: Faransanci, Habsburgs, da Jihohin Papal. Zwingli ya sanya kansa da ƙarfi a gefen wurin Mai Tsarki. A sakamakon haka, Paparoma Julius II ya girmama Zwingli ta hanyar ba shi fansho na shekara-shekara. Ya ɗauki matsayin limamin coci a yaƙi da dama a Italiya, ciki har da Yaƙin Novara a shekara ta 1513. Duk da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan shan kashi da Swiss suka yi a Yaƙin Marignano ya haifar da canjin yanayi a Glarus don goyon bayan Faransawa maimakon Paparoma. Zwingli, ɗan jam'iyyar Paparoma, ya sami kansa a cikin tsaka mai wuya kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Einsiedeln a yankin Schwyz. Duk da yake shi ba mai gyara ba ne a Glarus, a can ya fara haɓaka ra'ayoyin da za su kai ga hutu da Cocin Katolika a Zürich..

A cikin 1528 gyare-gyaren ya sami gindin zama a Glarus, wanda Zwingli ya jagoranta a Zürich. Ko da yake ya yi wa’azi na shekara 10 a Glarus, garin ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ɗariƙar Katolika. Duk da haka, bayan yakin Kappel na biyu a shekara ta 1531 an bai wa mazauna Katolika da na Furotesta 'yancin yin ibada a garin. Wannan ya sa ƙungiyoyin addinai biyu suka yi amfani da cocin garin lokaci guda, tsarin da ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. A karni na 18 duka kungiyoyin sun yi tarayya da coci amma suna da gabobin daban-daban. A cikin 1697 an yi taro biyu na kuɗi da na tauhidi masu zaman kansu a cikin cocin birni

Bayan mamayar Faransa a 1798, Glarus ya zama babban birnin Canton na Linth a cikin Jamhuriyar Helvetic. Gudanar da Canton ya koma Glarus. Koyaya, sabbin masu gudanarwa sun sami matsala wajen kafawa da aiwatar da kowace sabuwar ƙa'ida. A cikin Agusta 1802 masu gudanar da sabon Canton sun bar Glarus zuwa Rapperswil saboda matsalolin da suka fuskanta a Glarus. A cikin 1803, tare da Dokar Sasanci, Canton na Linth ya rushe kuma Glarus ya zama babban birnin karamar hukumar Glarus.

A shekara ta 1859, hanyar jirgin kasa ta kai Glarus daga Weesen. An buɗe faɗaɗa zuwa Schwanden da Linthal a shekara ta 1879.

Garin ya kirkiro kungiyar Emigration Society kuma ya aika da Alkalin Niklaus Dürst da masanin ƙarfe Fridolin Streif don neman ƙasa don su zauna a Arewacin Amurka a 1845. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, masu mulkin mallaka 131 daga Glarus sun zauna a New Glarus, Wisconsin, wani gari wanda har yanzu yana riƙe da tushen Switzerland kuma yana jin daɗin dangantaka mai ƙarfi da Glarus.

A ranar 10/11 ga Mayu 1861, garin ya yi barna sakamakon wata gobara da wata iska mai tsananin tashin hankali ta Föhn ko kuma ta kuda ta ta rutsa da ita, tana gangarowa daga manyan tsaunuka ta hanyar ramin yanayi da kwarin Linth ya kafa. An yi kiyasin jimillar asarar da aka yi ta kai kusan fam miliyan 100, wanda kusan fam 100,000 ne aka yi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin da aka samu daga kowane bangare. Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na Glarus (gina-gine 593) sun lalace a babbar gobara. Bayan wannan lamarin, an sake gina Glarus a cikin salon toshe bisa ga tsare-tsaren gine-gine na Bernhard Simon da Johann Caspar Wolff..

In 1864, the first European labor law to protect workers was introduced in Glarus, prohibiting workers from working more than 12 hours a day.

Yanayin ƙasa

Hoton Birnin Glarus

Bayyanar sama daga 1000 m ta Walter Mittelholzer (1923)  

Garin yana cikin Glarner Mittelland a kan wani kwari mai zurfi tsakanin Glärnisch da Linth.

The municipality Glarus before 2011 had an area of 69.2 square kilometres (26.7 sq mi). Of this area, 23% was used for agricultural purposes, while 31.4% was forested; of the rest of the land, 2.7% was settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) was non-productive (2006 figures).

Tare da haɗa Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn a cikin 2011, gundumar Glarus yanzu tana da yanki na 103.67 km2 (40.03 sq mi).[13] Dangane da binciken 2004/09, kusan kashi 26.3% na jimillar yanki ana amfani da su ne don ayyukan noma, yayin da kashi 34.3% na gandun daji ne. Daga cikin sauran ƙasar, 4.1% yana zaune (ginai ko hanyoyi) kuma 35.2% ƙasa ce mara amfani. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata (1979/85-2004/09) adadin ƙasar da aka zaunar da shi ya ƙaru da hekta 42 (kadada 100) kuma ƙasar noma ta ragu da ƙasa.

Yawan jama'a

Glarus yana da yawan jama'a (har daga Disamba 2020[sabunta]) na 12,539. Tun daga 2013 [sabunta], 24.9% na yawan jama'a mazauna kasashen waje ne. A cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata (2010-2013) yawan jama'a ya canza a cikin adadin 2.07%. Yawan haihuwa a cikin gundumar, a cikin 2013, ya kasance 9.8 yayin da adadin mutuwar ya kasance 8.4 a cikin dubun mazaunan..

Ya zuwa 2013, yara da matasa (shekaru 0-19) sun kai kashi 20.6% na yawan jama'a, yayin da manya (shekara 20-64) suna da kashi 61.1% kuma tsofaffi (sama da shekaru 64) sun kai kashi 18.3%.

Yawancin jama'a (kamar yadda na 2000) suna magana da Jamusanci (86.0%), tare da Italiyanci na biyu mafi yawan (4.8%) kuma Albanian na uku (2.6%).

Yawan jama'a na tarihi

An ba da yawan jama'a na tarihi a cikin tebur mai zuwa:

shekara	yawan jama'a	'Yan ƙasar Switzerland	% Magana da Jamusanci	% Furotesta	% Roman Katolika
1554	ca. 1,550
1682	ca. 1,200
1777	ca. 2,400
1837	4,094
1850	4,082	3,960		86.0%	14.0%
1870	5,485	5,204		77.7%	22.6%
1888	5,357	4,968	98.1%	71.6%	28.0%
1900	4,877	4,424	97.5%	74.2%	25.6%
1910	5,123	4,471	94.8%	70.8%	28.7%
1930	5,269	4,858	97.7%	70.5%	29.2%
1950	5,724	5,376	96.2%	68.0%	31.4%
1970	6,189	5,215	86.9%	60.5%	38.9%
1990	5,728	4,723	86.1%	51.9%	42.4%
2000	5,556	4,379	86.0%	45.4%	37.7%

Siyasa

A zaben tarayya na 2015 jam'iyyar da ta fi farin jini ita ce jam'iyyar BDP da ta samu kashi 49.7% na kuri'un da aka kada, sai kuma SP da kaso 47.7. Ragowar kashi 2.6 cikin 100 na ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar da ba su da alaka da su. A zaben na tarayya, an kada kuri'u 3,250, kuma yawan masu kada kuri'a ya kai kashi 41.1%. Zaben 2015 ya samu gagarumin sauyi a zaben idan aka kwatanta da na 2011. Kaso na kuri'un da jam'iyyar SP ta samu ya karu sosai daga kashi 28.9% a 2011 zuwa kashi 47.7% a 2015, yayin da yawan da BDP ya ragu daga 57.7% zuwa 49.7%.

Laifi

A cikin 2014 yawan laifuffuka, na laifuka sama da 200 da aka jera a cikin Tsarin Laifukan Swiss (wanda ke gudana daga kisan kai, fashi da makami zuwa karbar cin hanci da zamba da zamba), a Glarus ya kasance 48.2 a cikin dubunnan mazauna. Wannan adadin shine kawai kashi 74.6% na matsakaicin adadin a duk ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokacin, adadin laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance 10.2 ga mazauna dubu ɗaya, wanda yayi kama da ƙimar Glarus Süd, amma kusan sau biyu ya ninka na Glarus Nord..

Ilimi

A Glarus kimanin kashi 71.3% na yawan jama'a (tsakanin shekaru 25-64) sun kammala ko dai karatun sakandare na sama ko ƙarin ilimi mafi girma (ko dai jami'a ko Fachhochschule).

Sufuri

Tashar jirgin kasa ta Glarus tana kan layin dogo na Ziegelbrücke zuwa Linthal. Sabis na Zürich S-Bahn S25 ke yi tsakanin Zürich da Linthal, da sabis na St. Gallen S-Bahn S6 tsakanin Rapperswil da Schwanden. Tun daga canjin jadawalin watan Disamba na 2023, [sabuntawa] duka ayyukan biyu suna aiki sau ɗaya a cikin awa ɗaya, suna haɗawa don samar da jiragen ƙasa biyu a cikin awa ɗaya tsakanin Ziegelbrücke da Schwanden. Tashoshin Ennenda da Netstal suma suna cikin gundumomi, kuma jiragen kasa iri ɗaya suke yi

Yanayi

Tsakanin 1991 da 2020 Glarus yana da matsakaita na kwanaki 142.2 na ruwan sama a shekara kuma a matsakaicin ya sami 1,494 mm (58.8 in) na hazo. Watan da ya fi dauri shine Yuli a lokacin Glarus ya sami matsakaicin 193 mm (7.6 in) na hazo. A cikin wannan watan an sami hazo na matsakaita na kwanaki 14.8. Watanni tare da mafi yawan kwanakin hazo sune Yuni zuwa Agusta. Watan mafi bushewa na shekara shine Fabrairu tare da matsakaicin 80 mm (3.1 in) na hazo sama da kwanaki 9.5.

Dangantaka ta kasa da kasa

Garin Twin - biranen 'yar'uwa

Heinrich Hossli

Werner Marti

Fritz Kunzli, 2004