Godfrey na Bouillon

Godfrey na Bouillon
Title of Godfrey of Bouillon (en) 1099 - 18 ga Yuli, 1100
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Boulogne-sur-Mer (mul) , 1060
ƙasa	Kingdom of Jerusalem (en) Daular Roma Mai Tsarki
Harshen uwa	Faransanci
Mutuwa	Jerusalem, 18 ga Yuli, 1100
Makwanci	Church of the Holy Sepulchre (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	death in battle (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Eustace II, Count of Boulogne
Mahaifiya	Ida of Lorraine
Ahali	Ida of Boulogne (en) , Eustace III, Count of Boulogne (en) da Baldwin I of Jerusalem (en)
Ƴan uwa	view Godfrey IV, Duke of Lower Lorraine (en) (kawu)
Yare	House of Boulogne (mul)
Karatu
Harsuna	Harshen Latin
Sana'a
Sana'a	sarki da marubuci
Wurin aiki	Jerusalem
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Investiture controversy (en) First Crusade (en)
Imani
Addini	Cocin katolika

Godfrey na Bouillon (c. 1060 - 18 Yuli 1100) ya kasance babban jagora na Crusade na farko, kuma mai mulkin farko na Masarautar Urushalima daga 1099 zuwa 1100. Kodayake da farko ya ƙi karɓar taken sarki, ya amince da yin mulki a matsayin yarima (princeps) a ƙarƙashin taken Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, ko Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre .

Shi ne ɗan na biyu na Eustace II, Count na Boulogne a Faransa ta yanzu. Ya sami gado daga dangin mahaifiyarsa a 1076 lokacin da ya zama Ubangiji na Bouillon, wanda yanzu yake a Belgium. A shekara ta 1087, Sarkin sarakuna Henry IV ya tabbatar da shi a matsayin Duke na Lower Lorraine, a matsayin lada ga goyon bayansa a lokacin Babban Saxon Revolt .

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Godfrey na Bouillon a kusa da 1060, mai yiwuwa a Boulogne-sur-Mer, kodayake wani marubucin tarihi na ƙarni na 13 ya ambaci Baisy, wani gari a cikin abin da ke yanzu Walloon Brabant, Belgium. Shi ne ɗan na biyu na Eustace II, Count na Boulogne, wani muhimmin ɗan siyasa a lokacin kuma abokin William the Conqueror . Eustace ya sami lada mai yawa a Ingila bayan Yaƙin Hastings, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu mallakar ƙasa mafi arziki a ƙasar. Mahaifiyar Godfrey, Ida na Lorraine, 'yar Duke Godfrey III na Lower Lorraine ce kuma 'yar'uwar Duke Godfroy the Hunchback ce.

Godfrey mai yiwuwa ya fara horar da soja kafin ya kai shekara goma, yana koyon yadda za a hau doki kuma yayi amfani da takobi, garkuwa, mashi, da baka yayin da yake hawa. Mahaifiyarsa, Ida, mace ce mai ilimi wacce ta yi tasiri sosai ga renon 'ya'yanta maza. Lokacin da kawunsa, Godfrey the Hunchback, ya mutu a watan Fabrairu na 1076 ba tare da fitowa ba, ya sanya dan uwansa a matsayin magajinsa. Ƙaramin Godfrey mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da kawunsa kafin wannan, kuma tarihin zamani na St Hubert ya nuna cewa ya halarci jana'izar kawunsa a Verdun. Godfrey ya kwashe makonni da yawa a gidan ibada na St Hubert a cikin kamfanin da kariya ga danginsa, Henry na Verdun, bishop na Liège. Lampert na Hersfeld ya rubuta cewa a wannan lokacin, Godfrey "wani saurayi ne mai kuzari, mai matukar sha'awar aikin soja".

Yakin neman gado

Masu da'awar da yawa sun kalubalanci gadon Godfrey a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan mutuwar kawunsa. Henry IV, Sarkin sarakuna na Roma Mai Tsarki na gaba - yana so ya ƙarfafa matsayinsa - ya nada ɗansa mai shekaru biyu, Conrad, a matsayin Duke na Lower Lorraine maimakon Godfrey. An ba Godfrey Margraviate na Antwerp, matsayin da magabata suka rike, kuma nadin da ya yi wa wannan taken ya nuna cewa Henry yana tunawa da shi don nan gaba. Taken Conrad na alama ce kawai; Henry ya sanya Albert III na Namur, mai goyon bayansa mai aminci, don ya mallaki duchy a matsayin 'mataimakin-duke'.

Kusan nan da nan, Godfrey ya shiga rikici tare da Albert, wanda ya yi ikirarin Bouillon Castle daga gare shi; an rubuta cewa Albert ya bar wannan takaddamar ba tare da cikawa ba. Albert ya ci gaba da yin kawance da gwauruwar Godfrey the Hunchback, Matilda ta Tuscany, da Theoderic, bishop na Verdun, don hana Godfrey tasirinsa. Matilda - wacce ta riga ta sami ƙasashe masu yawa a Arewacin Italiya - ta nemi ƙasashen marigayi mijinta a Lotharingia, yayin da Theoderic ke so ya ƙarfafa tasirinsa a cikin diocese a kan kuɗin Godfrey. Matilda ta sami goyon baya daga Paparoma Gregory VII a cikin wannan takaddamar, wanda ya aika da babban bishop Manasses I na Reims don sasantawa. Wataƙila Paparoma ya umarci Manasses da ya sami tagomashin Matilda maimakon yin sulhu da tsaka-tsaki, kuma ya tilasta don samun tagomashin Paparoma. A cikin c. 1081, duk da haka, Theoderic ya yi watsi da kawancensa da Matilda don goyon bayan Henry IV, wanda ya zargi Matilda da cin amana kuma ya kwace ta da ƙasashenta da dukiya a bangarorin biyu na alps jim kadan bayan haka.