Gogo Habiba
 Gogo Habiba | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Sana'a |
Gogo Habiba, wacce aka fi sani da Habiba Sabaci (1805-1867), bafulatana ce mai martaba kuma ‘yar kasuwa ce wacce ta yi tasirin siyasa a Nupeland a tsakiyar karni na 19. Ita ce 'yar Mallam Dendo, wanda ya kafa daular Nupe -Fulani wadda ta yi mulkin Nupeland tun farkon karni na 19. [1] [2]
Habiba ta kai kololuwar daraja da kuma karfi a lokacin sarautar kaninta Sarki Masaba (r. 1859-1873). A cikin wannan lokaci, ambata sarautar Sagi, wanda ya sanya ta kula da harkokin mata a Masarautar, wanda ke da alhakin kawai ga sarki. An kuma ce Habiba ta jagoranci runduna kwatankwacin ta Sarki Masaba a Bida . Aiki daga ma'ajiyar kuyanga a Badegi-Lapai (a yanzu ana kiranta Badeggi, [3] dake cikin Katcha ), mutanenta na kai hare-hare a kai a kai a makwabciyarta Nupe da Gbagyi . Ta yi cinikin bayin da aka kama har zuwa Legas, musamman tare da Madame Tinubu, wata ’yar kasuwa mace mai tasiri. [1] [4] [5]
Saboda tsoron karuwar tasirin Habiba da farin jini, sarki Masaba ya shawo kan 'yar uwarsa ta koma Bida, babban birnin masarautarsa. Duk da haka, a Bida, tasirinta ya ci gaba da girma, ya sake mamaye dan uwanta. Zuwan 'yan kasuwan Burtaniya a farkon shekarun 1860 ya baiwa sarki Masaba wata dama ta rage karfin 'yar uwarsa akan Masarautar. A tsawon shekaru goma, ya kulla abota mai karfi da wadannan ’yan kasuwa, wadanda suka ba shi makamai na zamani da ci gaba da bindigu. Yayin da arzikin Masaba ya karu cikin sauri, dangantakarsa da Habiba ta lalace. Hakan ya sa Habiba ta shirya masa tawaye. Ita da wasu daga cikin ‘yan uwa masu mulki sun hada kai da Etsu Baba na tsohuwar daular Nupe domin kawar da Masaba. Sai dai tun kafin su kai ga gaci aka gano makircin, aka tilastawa Habiba ta kashe kanta. [1]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Gogo Habiba a farkon karni na 19 a Rabba, a lokacin babban birnin masarautar Nupe . Mahaifinta shi ne Mallam Dendo, mai yin wa'azin Bafulatani . A ƙarshen karni na 18, lokacin mulkin Etsu Ma'azu na biyu (r. 1778-1795), Dendo ya fara bayyana a Nupeland a matsayin mai duba kuma mai siyar da laya. Nan da nan ya samu dimbin magoya baya a yankin, musamman a tsakanin Fulani. A shekara ta 1796, Masarautar ta shiga tsaka mai wuya tsakanin masu da'awar adawa da juna, wanda ya raba masarautar gida biyu: Jimada, wanda ya mallaki rabin gabas daga Gbara, da Majiya, wanda ya mallaki rabin yamma daga Rabba. Da taimakon Dendo da mabiyansa, Majiya ya samu galaba a kan Jimada, ya sake hada masarautun. Daga cikin kyaututtuka da dama da Majiya ya baiwa Dendo don tallafa masa har da kuyangi biyu. Dendo ya dauki daya a matsayin kuyangi ya ba da daya ga Halifan Sokoto . Wannan kuyanga ce ta haifi Gogo Habiba.
Duk da matsayin mahaifiyarta a matsayin baiwa, Habiba ta taso a matsayin halacciyar diyar Dendo. A cikin ’yan’uwanta takwas, biyu ne kawai suka tsira zuwa rabin karshen karni na 19, dukkansu ‘yan uwanta ne: Usman Zaki, Sarkin Bida na farko (r. 1857 – 1859), da Muhammad Saba, wanda aka fi sani da Sarki Masaba, wanda ya gaje shi a matsayin Sarkin Bida na biyu (r. 1859–1873). Habiba ta girma tana son kaninta Masaba, wanda gimbiya Nupe ta haifa ba da jimawa da haihuwarta ba. Dangantakarsu ta kut-da-kut ta kasance saboda abotar da iyayensu mata suka yi. [1]
Rikicin nasara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin mutuwar Mallam Dendo a shekara ta 1832, ya sami gagarumin iko a masarautar Nupe, inda ya mallaki yankin yadda ya kamata yayin da Etsus na Nupe ya zama sarakunan tsana. Babban dansa na biyu Usman Zaki ya gaje shi. Bai dade da nadin nasa ba, Usman ya fuskanci tawaye daga dan uwansa Masaba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa ya fi cancantar samun mukamin saboda zuriyarsa ta Nupe. Bayan an kore shi daga Rabba a 1833, Masaba ya hada kai da inuwar sarakunan Nupe, Idrisu da Tsado, a kokarin hambarar da Usman. Bayan tawayen nasu ya ci tura, Usman ya karvi sunan Etsu Nupe ya kafa masarautu, tare da yin alkawarin biyayya ga Khalifancin Sakkwato . Daga baya kuma Tsado ya sake yin wani tawaye ga Usman, kuma Masaba ya sake shiga tare da shi. A wannan karon sun yi nasarar kame Rabba tare da tilastawa Usman ficewa daga babban birnin kasar. Dangane da rikicin, Sarkin Gwandu, Ibrahim Halilu, wanda ke da iko a kan Nupeland, ya yi tafiya zuwa Rabba a 1841. Bayan ya yi shawara da shugabannin masarautar da suka hada da Usman, Masaba, da Tsado, ya nada Masaba a matsayin Sarkin Nupe.
A cikin waɗannan lokutan tashin hankali, Habiba ta kasance a Rabba, tana gudanar da kasuwancin bayi da ta kafa kafin mutuwar mahaifinta a 1832. Amma a farkon shekarun 1850, daya daga cikin hafsan Sarkin Masara, Umar Bahaushe, ya juya masa baya, ya yi tawaye. Ko da yake Masaba ya ci nasara, ya yi nasarar tserewa zuwa Ilorin . Habiba, yanzu ita ce kadai ta rage a cikin dangin Dendo a Rabba, ta gane barazanar da iko da dukiyar danginta ke yi. Da sauri ta aika da manzanni zuwa Gwandu, inda yayanta Usman Zaki da dan uwanta Umaru Majigi suke gudun hijira. Ta kuma tabbatar da wucewar matan Masaba da ‘ya’yansa zuwa Ilorin lafiya. Tare da goyon bayan masarautar Gwandu, dangin Dendo sun ci Janar Bahaushe a 1856. Daga nan aka nada Usman Zaki a matsayin Sarkin Nupe, inda ya rike har ya rasu a shekara ta 1859. Masaba ya gaje shi, wanda ya yi mulki har zuwa 1873. [1]
Tashin tasiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan dawowar dangin Dendo, Masarautar ta yi gyare-gyare mai mahimmanci, ciki har da mayar da babban birnin kasar zuwa Bida . Daga cikin sauye-sauyen da aka gabatar akwai sake dawo da wata tsohuwar sarautar Nupe mai suna Sagi, wadda aka baiwa Habiba. A matsayinsa na Sagi, Habiba ita ce ke da alhakin kula da harkokin mata a Masarautar, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mamba mai ƙwazo a majalisar sarki, ba shi kaɗai ba. Wannan ofishin ya ba ta iko mai yawa a kan matan Masarautar. Masanin ilimin ɗan adam ɗan Burtaniya SF Nadel ya bayyana cewa Sagi da mataimakinta, Nimwoye, an ɗauke su 'sarakuna a kan matan Nupe'. [5] Habiba ta kuma ba da umurni irin ta sarki, ciki har da kwamandan yaki, kuma tana da dimbin magoya bayan bayi da masu fafutuka. [1]
Kasuwancin bayi na Habiba ya kara fadada a zamanin Masaba. Ta mika sha'awarta zuwa Gbagyiland, tana ba da umarni kuma a wasu lokuta tana jagorantar hare-haren bayi zuwa ƙauyuka. A shekara ta 1860, ta ƙaura daga Bida kuma ta zauna a wurin ajiyar bayi da ta kafa a Badegi-Lapai (yanzu ana kiranta Badeggi, [3] dake cikin Katcha ). A lokacin mulkin Masaba, wannan ma'ajiyar bayi ya girma ya zama gundumar da ke da ƙauyuka fiye da 60 ('tungazi'). [6] Domin tana sha'awar baiwa mabiyanta da sojoji kyaututtuka masu kyau, bin ta ya ci gaba da girma. Daga karshe dai ta gina runduna ta tsaye kwatankwacin ta sarki. A Badegi-Lapai, ta yi cinikin bayi har zuwa Legas, musamman tare da wata babbar yar kasuwa mace mai tasiri, Madam Tinubu . Yawan arzikinta na tattalin arziki ya sa ta samu amincewar sarakunan Masarautar, wanda ya sa ta yi tasiri sosai a siyasance. An ce sarki Masaba ba zai iya yanke wani babban hukunci ba sai da amincewarta. Ƙari ga haka, masu neman alfarma daga Masaba sukan bi ta cikinta. [1] [2]
Babban tasirin Habiba akan Masaba ya fusata sauran mashawartan sa. Sun sadu da Masaba kuma sun yi jayayya cewa tasirin 'yar uwarsa zai iya mamaye nasa wata rana idan ba a tauye shi ba. Sun kuma yi gargadin cewa karuwar farin jininta na iya haifar da kwararowar jama’a daga Bida domin su zauna da ita a Badegi-Lapai. Hakan yasa Masaba ya kwashe watanni bakwai yana kokarin shawo kan 'yar uwarsa ta koma Bida. Bayan da farko ta ki amincewa da buƙatunsa, daga ƙarshe ta kafa sabon matsuguni kimanin 15 km daga Bida, wadda ta sanyawa suna Badegi-Alugi. Sai dai da alama hakan bai sa Masaba ya huta ba, domin sau tari ya ziyarce ta a sabon sansaninta, yana rokon ta da ta koma Bidi'a. Daga karshe ta amince da bukatarsa da sharadin a gina mata katafaren fada. Ta yi watsi da ukun farko da aka gabatar mata, tana ganin sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za su iya ɗaukar nauyinta da masu yi mata hidima ba. Daga karshe an tilastawa Masaba ya baiwa Habiba wani fada irin nasa. Daga karshe ta karbi wannan sabon fili, dake unguwar Bantigi a unguwar Bida, sannan ta mallaki sauran gine-gine guda uku da ta ki a baya. Rugujewar gidajen nan har yanzu ana ganinsu. An ce Habiba ta koma Bida ne da mabiya kusan dubu shida, tare da dubban bayi da shanu. Ta zo ta mallaki yawancin ayyuka a Bantigi har ma ta kafa tsarin gudanarwa a karkashin wani Ndeji ('firayim minista'), wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin matar aure tilo.
Zuwan 'yan kasuwan Burtaniya da mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Bida, farin jinin Habiba ya ci gaba da karuwa, wanda ya kara batawa sarki Masaba rai. Jama'a suna ganin ta a matsayin shugaba mai kirki kuma jajirtacce wanda ya jagoranci sojojinta zuwa fagen fama, sabanin kanenta marar tausayi da babba. Lokacin da 'yan kasuwa na Burtaniya suka isa a farkon shekarun 1860, an ba wa Masaba wata dama don rage tasirin 'yar uwarsa akan Masarautar. A cikin shekarun 1860, ya kulla abota mai karfi da wadannan 'yan kasuwa, har ma ya ba su damar kafa birnin Lokoja, wurin ciniki a mahadar kogin Neja da Benue . Kazalika, ’yan kasuwar sun ba Masaba kayan yaki na zamani da rigunan bindigogi. [1] [7]
Yayin da dukiyar Masaba ta karu cikin sauri, dangantakarsa da Habiba ta lalace. Ya yi watsi da korafin ta akai-akai da damuwa game da abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan. Hakan ya sa Habiba ta shirya masa tawaye. A cikin 1867, ita, tare da wasu daga cikin dangin masu mulki, sun haɗa kai da Etsu Baba na tsohuwar daular Nupe don kawar da Masaba. Sai dai tun kafin su kai ga gaci aka gano makircin, aka tilastawa Habiba ta kashe kanta. [1]
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Idrees, Aliyu A (June 1991). "Gogo Habiba of Bida: The rise and demise of a nineteenth century Nupe merchant princess and politician" (PDF). African Study Monographs. 12. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weise, Constanze (2020-09-01). "Women and trade in the Nupe–Borgu region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries". Canadian Journal of African Studies (in Turanci). 54 (3): 459–477. doi:10.1080/00083968.2020.1749097. ISSN 0008-3968. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Lapai | Traditional Culture, Festivals & Cuisine | Britannica". Britannica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-14. Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Mason, Michael (1973). "Captive and Client Labour and the Economy of the Bida Emirate: 1857-1901". The Journal of African History. 14 (3): 453–471. doi:10.1017/S0021853700012822. ISSN 0021-8537. JSTOR 180541.
- ↑ Knowles, Charles (1864). "Ascent of the Niger in September and October, 1864". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 9 (2): 72–75. doi:10.2307/1799235. ISSN 1478-615X. JSTOR 1799235.