Gough Whitlam

Edward Gough Whitlam (11 ga Yulin 1916 - 21 ga Oktoba 2014) shi ne Firayim Minista na 21 na Ostiraliya, yana aiki daga Disamba 1972 zuwa Nuwamba 1975. Har zuwa yau shugaban tarayya mafi tsawo na Jam'iyyar Labor Party (ALP), ya kasance sananne ne saboda kasancewa shugaban gwamnati mai gyarawa da ci gaban zamantakewa wanda ya ƙare tare da korarsa mai rikitarwa daga gwamnan-janar na Australia na lokacin, Sir John Kerr, a ƙarshen rikicin tsarin mulki na 1975. Whitlam ya kasance Firayim Minista na Australiya wanda gwamnan janar ya cire shi daga mukaminsa. –

Whitlam ya kasance Mai ba da jirgin sama a cikin Royal Australian Air Force na tsawon shekaru hudu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwKw"> </span>, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya bayan yakin. An fara zabarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya a 1952, ya zama memba na majalisa (MP) don ƙungiyar Werriwa . Whitlam ya zama mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Labor a shekarar 1960, kuma a shekarar 1967, bayan da Arthur Calwell ya yi ritaya, an zabe shi shugaban jam'iyya kuma ya zama Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa. Bayan da aka rasa Zaben tarayya na 1969 ga John Gorton, Whitlam ya jagoranci Labour zuwa nasara a Zaben 1972, bayan shekaru 23 na gwamnatin hadin gwiwa.

"Ngara", wurin haihuwar Whitlam (yanzu an rushe shi)

An haifi Edward Gough Whitlam a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1916 a gidan danginsa 'Ngara', 46 Rowland Street,[1] Kew, wani yanki na Melbourne, babban 'ya'ya biyu (an haifi 'yar'uwarsa, Freda, shekaru huɗu bayansa),[2][3] ga Martha (née Maddocks) da Fred Whitlam.[4] Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na tarayya wanda daga baya ya zama Lauyan Commonwealth Crown, kuma shigar da babban Whitlam ya yi a harkokin kare hakkin dan adam ya kasance babban tasiri ga ɗansa.[1] Tunda kakansa na uwa shi ma an sanya masa suna Edward, tun yana ƙarami ana kiransa da sunansa na tsakiya, Gough, wanda ya fito daga kakansa na uba wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan sojan Birtaniya Field-Marshal Hugh Gough, Viscount Gough na 1.[1]

A shekara ta 1918, an kara Fred Whitlam zuwa mataimakin lauyan Crown kuma an tura shi Sydney. Iyalin sun fara zama a yankin Mosman na Arewacin Shore sannan kuma a Turramurra. A lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, Gough ya fara karatunsa a makarantar 'yan mata ta Chatswood Church of England (kayan karatun firamare a makarantar' yan mata ba sabon abu ba ne ga kananan yara maza a lokacin). Bayan shekara guda a can, ya halarci Makarantar Mowbray House da Makarantar Grammar ta Knox a cikin unguwar Sydney.[1]