Graciela Bográn
 Graciela Bográn | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Graciela Bográn Rodríguez |
| Haihuwa |
San Nicolás (mul)  , 19 Oktoba 1896 |
| ƙasa | Honduras |
| Harshen uwa | Yaren Sifen |
| Mutuwa |
San Pedro Sula (en) , 2000 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Ƴan uwa |
view
|
| Yare | Bogran |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | gwagwarmaya, marubuci, ɗan jarida da Malami |
Graciela Bogran ((19 Oktoba 1896 – 2000) malamar Honduras ce, marubuciya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, ita 'yar Chelsea Bogran ce. Ta tsunduma cikin yaƙin neman zaɓen mata, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin kwadago da zanga-zangar siyasa. An kuma san ta a matsayin editan mujallar mata ta Alma Latina . Bayan da mata suka samu damar kada kuri’a, sai aka nada ta a matsayin minista a ma’aikatar ilimin jama’a. An zabe ta a matsayin memba na Instituto de Cultura Hispánica [es] a Madrid a cikin 1963 kuma cibiyoyi da yawa a Honduras suna ɗauke da sunanta.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Graciela Bográn Rodríguez a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1896 a San Nicolás, Santa Bárbara, Honduras [1] ga Petrona Rodríguez da Marco Antonio Bográn. Babban 'yan'uwa uku, tana da 'yar'uwa, Petrona "Elvira" (an haifi 1904) da ɗan'uwa, Napoleón (an haifi 1907). [2] [3] Iyalinta sun fito ne daga Romain Beuagrand (Román Bogran), wani ɗan mulkin Faransa daga Brittany, wanda ya isa Honduras a farkon karni na 19, kuma ta hanyarsa yana da alaƙa da shugabannin biyu Luis Bográn da Francisco Bográn . [4] [5] [6]
Bayan ta kammala karatun firamare, Bogran ta kammala karatunta a Escuela Normal de Señoritas (Makarantar Ladies Normal) a 1914 kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin malami. [1] [7] A 1916, ta auri mawãƙi, Rubén Bermúdez Meza kuma daga baya ta haifi 'ya'ya uku: Graciela, Rubén da Roberto. Lokacin da suka rabu, ta sake yin aure tare da wani ɗan kasuwa na Arewacin Amirka, Alvin M. Barret (shima Barrett). [7] [8]
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1932, Bográn ya kafa mujallar, Alma Latina, [9] wanda ya zama jarida mai tasiri ta mata-siyasa da al'adu a duk Amurka ta tsakiya. [10] [11] A lokacin, tana adawa da zaɓen mata saboda tashe-tashen hankula da ke da alaƙa da zaɓe a duk faɗin Amurka ta tsakiya. [11] Yawancin matan Honduras a cikin shekarun 1920 zuwa 1930, ba su kasance masu goyon bayan cin zarafin mata ba saboda ba shi da tushe mai tarihi a cikin al'adun Honduras, inda ake ganin tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a matsayin gwagwarmayar aji, ko kuma kawai a yarda da shi. [12] Wannan ya canza a cikin 1940s, lokacin da Bográn da sauran masu ra'ayin mata suka ga fa'idar zaɓe a matsayin hanyar kawo ƙarin mulkin dimokuradiyya a ƙasar. [12]
A cikin 1944, gwamnatin Honduras ta zargi Bográn da kasancewa ɗan gurguzu. Domin tana aiki ne a matsayin mai shirya ƙwadago a arewacin ƙasar, ana zarginta da koyar da rukunan gurguzu a matsayin wakili ga Vicente Lombardo Toledano, shugabar ƙungiyar Marxist ta Mexico. [13] Jakadan Amurka a Honduras, John Draper Erwin, ya kammala bayan wani bincike, cewa babu wani aiki na gurguzu a kasar kuma bai rarraba Bográn ba, yana mai cewa "duk mutumin da ya tayar da hankali don inganta yanayin aiki ana lasafta shi a matsayin kwaminisanci". [13] A wannan shekarar, ita da Rodolfo Fasto Zelaya, wanda ya kafa Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyya ta Honduras ta jagoranci zanga-zangar neman dimokiradiyya a San Pedro Sula don nuna adawa da kame 'yan kasar da ke kira da a hambarar da Shugaba Tiburcio Carías Andino . [14] [15]
’Yancin jefa ƙuri’a a Honduras an tabbatar wa mata masu karatu a 1955 [16] kuma mata sun sami damar jefa ƙuri’a a shekara mai zuwa a karon farko. [17] Bayan zaben Shugaba Ramón Villeda Morales, a cikin 1957, an nada Bográn a majalisar ministocinsa, a matsayin karamin sakatare na Ilimi. [18] A cikin 1959, an nada ta a matsayin Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Tarayya. [19] Bográn ta ci gaba da aikinta na malami a tsawon rayuwarta kuma a cikin 1963, saboda hidimarta a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Hondureño de Cultura Hispánica (Cibiyar Al'adun Hispanic ta Honduras), an zabe ta zuwa Instituto de Cultura Hispánica in Madrid. [20]
Mutuwa da gado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bogran ya mutu a shekara ta 2000 a San Pedro Sula, Honduras. Ana tunawa da ita a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata da masu fafutuka a zamaninta. [16] [21] Tun daga 1998, Gidan Al'adu a San Nicolás, ya ɗauki sunanta, [22] kamar yadda yawancin wuraren ilimi ke yi. Akwai makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati, Centro de Educación Pre Básica Graciela Bográn a unguwar La Trinidad na San Pedro Sula, [23] kuma a cikin Tegucigalpa, akwai Colegio Graciela Bogran a cikin unguwar Jardines de Toncontin. [24]
Ayyukan da aka zaɓa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Bográn, Graciela (November 1933). "¿Debe o no concederse el sufragio a la mujer hondureña?" [Should the Vote Be Granted or Not to Honduran Woman?]. Alma Latina (in Spanish). 2 (31): 5.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)[11]
- [25]
- [26]
- [12]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Biography portal
- Honduras portal
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]ambato
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Secretaría de Educación Pública 1996.
- ↑ Gómez 1996.
- ↑ Bautismos 1904.
- ↑ Cortés 2013.
- ↑ Sarmiento 2006.
- ↑ Pineda Portillo 2016.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 González 2013.
- ↑ González 2012.
- ↑ Payne Iglesias 2015.
- ↑ Castillo Canelas 2019.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Holden 2004.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Villars 2001.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Leonard 1984.
- ↑ Coleman 2016.
- ↑ Euraque 2001.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 El Nuevo Herald 2015.
- ↑ El Heraldo 2014.
- ↑ Espinoza Murra 2019.
- ↑ La Gaceta 1960.
- ↑ ABC 1963.
- ↑ Proceso Digital 2016.
- ↑ Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos 2020.
- ↑ La Tribuna 2019.
- ↑ Tiching 2020.
- ↑ Anderson 1971.
- ↑ Muñoz 2003.
Littafi Mai Tsarki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]