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Greenhouse gas

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Greenhouse gas
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na radiatively active gas (en) Fassara da air pollutant (en) Fassara
Gajeren suna GHG
Yana haddasa matsanancin yanayi, Tasirin Greenhouse da Canjin yanayi
Karatun ta kimiyyar muhalli da climatology
Active ingredient in (en) Fassara Rashin iskar gas
Ta jiki ma'amala da sararin samaniya na Duniya
Gishiri mai guba ya kama wasu daga cikin zafi da ke faruwa lokacin da hasken rana ya dumama farfajiyar Duniya. An nuna muhimman iskar gas guda uku a cikin wannan hoton: carbon dioxide, tururi na ruwa, da methane.

Gas din Greenhouse ( GHGs ) su ne iskar da ke cikin wani yanayi da ke danne zafi, wanda ke kara yawan zafin jiki na sararin samaniya kamar duniya. Ba kamar sauran iskar gas ba, iskar gas ɗin da ke haifar da iska tana ɗaukar radiyon da duniya ke fitarwa, wanda ke haifar da tasirin greenhouse . [1] Duniya tana ɗumama da hasken rana, wanda ke sa samanta ya haskaka zafi, wanda mafi yawa daga cikin iskar gas ke mamaye shi. Idan ba tare da iskar gas a cikin yanayi ba, matsakaicin zafin jiki na saman duniya zai kasance kusan −18 °C (0 °F), [2] maimakon matsakaicin halin yanzu na 15 °C (59 °F) . [3]

Gishiri biyar mafi yawa a cikin yanayin duniya, waɗanda aka jera a cikin raguwar tsari na matsakaicin ɓangaren duniya, sune: [4] tururin ruwa, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone.[5] Sauran iskar gas din da ke damun sun hada da chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs da HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbures, SF6, da NF3. Rashin ruwa yana haifar da kusan rabin tasirin greenhouse, yana aiki don mayar da martani ga wasu iskar gas a matsayin ra'ayi na canjin yanay[6]

Ayyukan ɗan adam tun farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu (kusan 1750) sun haɓaka carbon dioxide sama da 50%, [7] da matakan methane da 150%. [8] Iskar carbon dioxide yana haifar da kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na dumamar yanayi, yayin da iskar methane ke haifar da yawancin sauran. [9] Mafi rinjayen iskar carbon dioxide da mutane ke fitarwa suna fitowa ne daga konewar albarkatun mai, [10] tare da ragowar gudummawar da aka samu daga noma da masana'antu . :687Hatsarin methane ya samo asali ne daga noma, samar da man fetur, sharar gida, da dai sauransu. [11] Tsarin carbon yana ɗaukar dubban shekaru don ɗaukar CO gaba ɗaya daga yanayin, [12] yayin da methane ya kasance a cikin yanayi na matsakaicin shekaru 12 kawai. [13]  

Halitta da hanyoyin

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refer to caption and adjacent text
Rashin sha da warwatsewar yanayi a nau'o'i daban-daban na raƙuman lantarki. Mafi girman rukunin sha na carbon dioxide ba shi da nisa da matsakaicin fitarwa daga ƙasa, kuma yana rufe taga na nuna gaskiya na ruwa - yana bayanin babban tasirin zafi na carbon dioxide.

Gas din greenhouse suna aiki ne na infrared, ma'ana suna shanyewa da fitar da radiation na infrared a cikin wannan tsawo mai tsawo kamar yadda abin da ke fitowa daga farfajiyar Duniya, girgije da yanayi.

Kashi 99% na busasshen yanayi na Duniya (ban da tururin ruwa ) ya ƙunshi nitrogen ( N2 ) (78%) da oxygen ( O2 ) (21%). Saboda kwayoyin halittarsu suna dauke da kwayoyin halitta guda biyu guda biyu, ba su da asymmetry wajen rarraba cajin wutar lantarkin su, [14] don haka kusan ba su shafe su ta hanyar infrared thermal radiation, [15] tare da wani ɗan ƙaramin tasiri kawai daga haɗuwa ta haifar da haɗuwa . [16] [17] [18] Ƙarin 0.9% na yanayi yana samuwa ta hanyar argon (Ar), wanda shine monatomic, kuma don haka gaba daya a bayyane ga radiation ta thermal. A daya bangaren kuma, carbon dioxide (0.04%), methane, nitrous oxide da ma iskar iskar iskar gas ba ta kai kashi 0.1% na iskar duniya ba, amma saboda kwayoyin halittarsu na dauke da kwayoyin zarra na abubuwa daban-daban, akwai asymmetry a rarraba cajin wutar lantarki wanda ke ba da damar girgizar kwayoyin don yin mu’amala da hasken lantarki. Wannan yana sa su infrared aiki, don haka kasancewar su yana haifar da tasirin greenhouse.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Panmao Zhai. |editor-first2= missing |editor-last2= (help)
  2. ↑ Qiancheng Ma (March 1998). "Science Briefs: Greenhouse Gases: Refining the Role of Carbon Dioxide". NASA GISS. Archived from the original on 2005-01-12. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  3. ↑ Karl TR, Trenberth KE (2003). "Modern global climate change". Science. 302 (5651): 1719–23. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1719K. doi:10.1126/science.1090228. PMID 14657489. S2CID 45484084. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2019 – via Zenodo.
  4. ↑ "Atmospheric Concentration of Greenhouse Gases" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016-08-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  5. ↑ "Inside the Earth's invisible blanket". sequestration.org. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  6. ↑ Gavin Schmidt (2010-10-01). "Taking the Measure of the Greenhouse Effect". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies – Science Briefs.
  7. ↑ "Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels" (in Turanci). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 3 June 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Understanding methane emissions". International Energy Agency. The concentration of methane in the atmosphere is currently over two-and-a-half times greater than its pre-industrial levels
  9. ↑ "Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017.
  10. ↑ "Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019. The burning of coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity and heat is the largest single source of global greenhouse gas emissions.
  11. ↑ "Global Methane Tracker 2023". International Energy Agency. 21 February 2023.
  12. ↑ "Climate Change Indicators: Greenhouse Gases". United States Environmental Protection Agency. 16 December 2015. Carbon dioxide's lifetime cannot be represented with a single value because the gas is not destroyed over time, but instead moves among different parts of the ocean–atmosphere–land system. Some of the excess carbon dioxide is absorbed quickly (for example, by the ocean surface), but some will remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years, due in part to the very slow process by which carbon is transferred to ocean sediments.
  13. ↑ "Understanding methane emissions". International Energy Agency.
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Archer2011Ch4
  15. ↑ Wei, Peng-Sheng; Hsieh, Yin-Chih; Chiu, Hsuan-Han; Yen, Da-Lun; Lee, Chieh; Tsai, Yi-Cheng; Ting, Te-Chuan (6 October 2018). "Absorption coefficient of carbon dioxide across atmospheric troposphere layer". Heliyon. 4 (10): e00785. Bibcode:2018Heliy...400785W. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00785. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 6174548. PMID 30302408.
  16. ↑ Höpfner, M.; Milz, M.; Buehler, S.; Orphall, J.; Stiller, G. (24 May 2012). "The natural greenhouse effect of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2)". Geophysical Research Letters (in Turanci). 39 (L10706). Bibcode:2012GeoRL..3910706H. doi:10.1029/2012GL051409. ISSN 1944-8007. S2CID 128823108.
  17. ↑ "Which Gases Are Greenhouse Gases?". American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on 2022-11-04. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  18. ↑ Höpfner, M.; Milz, M.; Buehler, S.; Orphall, J.; Stiller, G. (24 May 2012). "The natural greenhouse effect of atmospheric oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2)". Geophysical Research Letters (in Turanci). 39 (L10706). Bibcode:2012GeoRL..3910706H. doi:10.1029/2012GL051409. ISSN 1944-8007. S2CID 128823108.
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