Griffiths Mxenge
 Griffiths Mxenge | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Qonce (en)  , 27 ga Faburairu, 1935 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa |
Umlazi (en) , 19 Nuwamba, 1981 |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
kisan kai (stabbing (en) ) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama | Victoria Mxenge |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, lauya da anti-apartheid activist (en) |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka |
An haifi Griffiths Mlungisi Mxenge (27 Fabrairu 1935 - 19 Nuwamba 1981) a KwaRayi, ƙauye a wajen King Williams Town, Gabashin Cape. Ya kasance lauya mai kare hakkin jama'a, ɗan jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar yaki da wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Griffiths Mlungisi Mxenge shine ɗan fari na Johnson Pinti da Hannah Nowise Mxenge. Iyayensa manoma ne a KwaRayi. Ya fara karatunsa na sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Forbes Grant da ke Ginsberg amma ya yi karatun sakandare daga Newell High School a Port Elizabeth a shekarar 1956.[1]
A cikin shekarar 1959, ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Fort Hare wanda ya shahara a cikin Lauyoyin Roman Dutch da Ingilishi. Ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League a lokacin da yake karatu. Gangamin Defiance da Majalisar Jama'a a Kliptown sun ba da gudummawa ga wayewar siyasarsa.[2]
Ya yi rajista don digiri na LLB a Jami'ar Natal amma a cikin shekarar 1962, a wannan shekarar ya auri Victoria Mxenge.
A shekarar 1966, karatunsa ya katse lokacin da aka tsare shi na kwanaki 190. A cikin shekarar 1967, an ɗaure shi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Tsibirin Robben a ƙarƙashin Dokar hana gurguzu don ci gaba da manufofin ANC. An haifi ɗan fari na Mxenge, Mbasa a lokacin da yake tsare.[1]
A cikin shekarar 1969, an sake Mxenge daga tsibirin Robben kuma ya yi aiki tare da umarnin hana shi na tsawon shekaru biyu wanda a cikin sauran abubuwan da suka hana shi shiga harabar Jami'ar. Tare da taimakon Babban Jami'in Shari'a, Marigayi Farfesa Tony Matthews, har yanzu ya sami damar kammala LLB kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1970.[2]
An haifi dansa na biyu, Viwe a shekara ta 1970.
Aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarar 1971 Mxenge ya fara hidimar labaransa a ƙarƙashin Rabie Bugwandeen na Natal Indian Congress. An ba shi umarnin hana shi na tsawon shekaru biyar a wannan shekarar.
A shekarar 1974, an shigar da shi a matsayin lauya na Kotun Koli na Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta gaba, a cikin shekarar 1975, ya buɗe nasa aikin shari'a a Durban. Ita ma ɗiyarsa, Namhla, ta haifa. Ya wakilci 'yan jam'iyyar African National Congress da sauran jam'iyyu. Musamman ma, ya kare Joseph Mduli, memba na ANC da Umkonto weSizwe, wanda aka yi wa kisan gilla. A wani mataki da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, biyo bayan koƙarin Mxenge da matsin lambar ƙasashen duniya, an tuhumi 'yan sanda huɗu da laifin kisan Mduli.[3]
Daga baya an tsare Mxenge saboda hannu a shari'ar kisan kai.
Ya kasance memba mai ƙwazo a Kwamitin Sakin Mandela kuma ya kasance memba na Lauyoyin kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama. Mxenge ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Demokraɗiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu.[2]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarar 1981, tawagar mutuwar mulkin nuna wariyar launin fata, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dirk Coetzee, sun kashe Mxenge a garin Umlazi a kudancin Durban. An yi garkuwa da shi ne kafin rundunar ta kashe shi ta caka masa wuka har sau 45, tare da yi masa duka da guduma tare da yanke masa makogwaro.[4] An tsinci gawarsa a kusa da filin wasan kwallon kafa a Umlazi.[5] Shekaru huɗu bayan kisan maigidanta, an harbe Victoria Mxenge tare da yi mata kutse a gaban 'ya'yanta a gidansu na Umlazi da ke Durban.
A cikin shekarar 1989, Butana Almond Nofomela, wanda tsohon memba ne na tawagar mutuwar Coetzee, ya yi furuci da hannu a kisan Mxenge na sa'o'i kafin a shirya kashe shi don kisan kai da ba na siyasa ba. Daga baya Coetzee ya tabbatar da labarin Nofomela.[4] A ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba 1996, tsohon kwamandan Vlakplaas, Dirk Coetzee, ya ba da shaida game da hannu a kisan Griffiths Mxenge. Ya kuma nemi a yi masa afuwa daga hukumar gaskiya da sulhu. Duk da zanga-zangar da dangin Mxenge suka yi, an yi wa Coetzee afuwa.[6]
Nofomela, wanda aka ba da izinin yanke hukuncin kisa a shari'ar kisan da ba ta da alaƙa da shi, daga baya aka mayar da hukuncin kisa zuwa rai da rai a gidan yari. An sake shi a watan Satumba na shekarar 2009. [7]
Martaba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mxenge da matarsa duk an ba su lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin Azurfa daga gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu.[8] Kyautar da ya bayar ta amince da gudunmawar da ya bayar a fannin shari'a da kuma sadaukarwar da ya bayar wajen yakar nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu
Ana gudanar da laccar tunawa da Victoria da Griffiths Mxenge kowace shekara a Kwalejin Howard ta Jami'ar KwaZulu Natal.[8]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Dirk Coetzee
- Tawagar mutuwa
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "1989. Griffiths Mlungisi Mxenge Online. WITS Historical Papers. Accessed 17 August" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-24. Retrieved 2025-07-05.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 [Mona G.V. New Dictionary of South African Biography Mxenge, Griffiths Mlungisi. Online. Accessed 17 August.]
- ↑ 2015. Joseph Mduli. Online. South African History Online. Accessed 17 August.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1985. Victoria Mxenge and the "act of cowardice" Online. Mail & Guardian. Accessed 17 August.
- ↑ "Griffiths Mxenge is murdered". sahistory.org.za.
- ↑ 1996. Dirk Coetzee Amnesty Application: TRC Knows the Grisly Story. Online. South Africa Press Association. Accessed 17 August.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Nofomela a free man". News24 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-14.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 2011 Griffiths Mxenge, Fallen Hero! Online. South African History Archive. Accessed 17 August.