Gudanar da Lafiya da Ayyuka
 Gudanar da Lafiya da Ayyuka | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
government agency (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Ƙaramar kamfani na | |
| Mulki | |
| Hedkwata |
Rockville (mul) |
| Mamallaki |
United States Public Health Service (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1982 |
   | |
Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Ayyuka (HRSA) hukuma ce ta Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kula da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka (HHS) da ke da hedikwata a Arewacin Bethesda, Maryland . Ita ce babbar hukumar tarayya don inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mutanen da ba su da inshora, ware ko marasa lafiya.
Ya ƙunshi ofisoshin shida da ofisoshi goma sha biyu, HRSA tana ba da jagoranci da tallafin kuɗi ga masu ba da kiwon lafiya a kowace jiha da yankin Amurka. Masu ba da gudummawa suna ba da kulawa ta lafiya ga mutanen da ba su da inshora, mutanen da ke fama da Cutar kanjamau / AIDS, da mata masu juna biyu, uwaye da yara. Suna horar da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya da inganta tsarin kulawa a yankunan karkara.
HRSA tana kula da kwayar halitta, ƙwayar ƙashi da bayar da jini. Yana tallafawa shirye-shiryen da ke shirya don yaki da Ta'addanci, shirin don biyan kuɗin mutanen da ke fuskantar abubuwan da suka faru na rigakafin rigakafi, kuma yana kula da bayanan da ke karewa daga rashin aikin kiwon lafiya da lalacewar kiwon lafiya, zamba da cin zarafi.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na sake tsara HHS na 2025, an shirya abubuwan HRSA a haɗa su cikin sabuwar Gudanarwa don Amurka mai lafiya.[1]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kasafin kudi na dala biliyan 10 na HRSA (FY 2015) yana ba da kula da lafiya kai tsaye ga mutane miliyan 23. Shirin cibiyarta na kiwon lafiya yana tallafawa sabis na kiwon lafiya, na baka da na ɗabi'a ga waɗanda ba su da inshora da marasa inshora ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa na tushen dakunan shan magani na al'umma da motocin kiwon lafiya ta hannu. Ta hanyar kawo cikakkiyar sabis na kiwon lafiya na matakin farko da na rigakafi ga al'ummomin cikin birni da yankunan karkara da ba za su kasance ba tare da su ba, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna inganta lafiyar al'ummominsu tare da rage matsin lamba ga ɗakunan gaggawa na asibiti. Haka kuma hukumar tana daukar likitoci, ma’aikatan jinya, likitocin hakora da sauran su domin yin aiki a wuraren da kwararrun kiwon lafiya ba su da yawa..
HRSA tana ba da tallafin magunguna na rayuwa da kulawa na farko zuwa kusan rabin adadin mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV/AIDS a Amurka. Hukumar ta kuma samar da kudade da kwararrun da ke ceto da inganta rayuwar miliyoyin iyaye mata da yara. HRSA kuma tana kula da duk gudummawar gabobin jiki, nama da na jini. Ita ce hukumar tarayya da farko ke da alhakin sarrafa gubar yara. Har ila yau, yana kula da bayanan bayanan da ke bin diddigin laifuka na rashin aikin kiwon lafiya da kuma biyan diyya ga mutanen da aka yanke hukuncin cutar da su ta hanyar rigakafi.[1][2] HRSA tana sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da kuma hasashen buƙatun nan gaba. Sikolashif da shirye-shiryen lamuni na ilimi suna ƙarfafa ƴan tsirarun shiga cikin sana'o'in kiwon lafiya da kuma neman kiyaye isassun wadatattun ƙwararrun kula da firamare.
Ƙungiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kula da lafiya na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]HRSA tana tallafawa kusan masu ba da tallafi na cibiyar kiwon lafiya 1,400 waɗanda ke aiki da asibitoci sama da 10,400 da motocin kiwon lafiya masu tafi-da-gidanka. Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna ba da kulawa ta farko da rigakafi ga marasa lafiya sama da miliyan 16 masu karamin karfi a kowace jiha, Gundumar Columbia, Puerto Rico, Tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka, da dukiyar Amurka a cikin Pacific.
HIV / AIDS
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shirin Ryan White HIV / AIDS na HRSA yana ba da kulawa ta farko, sabis na tallafi da Magungunan antiretroviral ga kimanin mutane 530,000 masu karamin karfi. Shirin kuma yana tallafawa horo, taimakon fasaha da ayyukan zanga-zangar da aka tsara don rage yaduwar annobar a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari. Wadannan ayyuka suna hana kulawa mai tsada a cikin marasa lafiya kuma suna inganta ingancin rayuwa ga waɗanda ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar.
Lafiyar uwaye da na yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]HRSA tana gudanar da shirye-shirye da yawa ga mata masu juna biyu, iyaye mata, jarirai, yara, matasa da danginsu, da yara masu buƙatun kula da lafiya na musamman. Mafi girma daga cikin shirye-shiryen, Tallafin Sabis na Kiwon Lafiyar Mata da Yara ga Jihohi, yana tallafawa ƙoƙarin gida don rage mace-macen jarirai da cututtukan yara da kuma kula da farashi mai alaƙa da rashin kulawa da haihuwa da haihuwa. Tallafin Block ya haɗa da Tallafin Tsarin Tsarin Jiha, Ayyuka na Musamman na Mahimmancin Yanki da Ƙasa (SPRANS), da ayyukan Tsarin Sabis na Jama'a (CISS). Sauran mahimman manufa sun haɗa da Nuna Jibin Jarirai na Duniya, Rauni Mai Rauni, Farawa Lafiya, Mujallar Sabis na Sabis na Sikila, Cibiyoyin Bayanin Kiwon Lafiyar Iyali, Sabis na Likitan Gaggawa don Yara, da Autism.
Daga cikin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jama'a da suka fi nasara a tarihin Amurka, shirye-shirye na kiwon lafiya da jarirai na HRSA a kowace shekara suna ba da sabis ga mutane sama da miliyan 34.
Lafiyar karkara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don yin kiwon lafiya mafi sauki ga mazauna yankunan karkara na Amurka miliyan 60, HRSA tana tallafawa shirye-shiryen da ke haɗawa da daidaita cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na yankunan karka da ke akwai da kuma taimakawa wajen daukar ma'aikata da riƙe likitoci a asibitocin karkara da asibitoci. Shirin Telehealth na HRSA yana amfani da fasahar bayanai don haɗa likitocin karkara da ke ware zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a nesa. Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan an tsara su kuma ana gudanar da su daga Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Karkara.
Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hukumar tana ƙoƙari ta tabbatar da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da suka bambanta, masu horar da su sosai kuma an rarraba su sosai a duk faɗin ƙasar. Don musayar taimakon kudi ta hanyar tallafin karatu na Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa da shirye-shiryen biyan bashin dalibai, fiye da likitoci 28,000 sun yi aiki a wasu daga cikin al'ummomin da suka fi fama da tattalin arziki da kuma yankuna masu nisa a Amurka a cikin shekaru 35 da suka gabata.
Tsarin kiwon lafiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]HRSA tana kula da gudummawar gabobin da nama da tsarin transplantation, [2] ta hanyar kula da aikin United Network for Organ Sharing, Ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba wacce aka kwangila don gudanar da hadaddun gabobin da kayan aiki da tsarin transplanting a Amurka. [3]
HRSA tana kula da shirin ragi na miyagun ƙwayoyi ga wasu masu ba da lafiyar lafiya.
HRSA kuma tana tallafawa cibiyoyin kula da guba na kasar da Shirye-shiryen biyan diyya na rauni na rigakafi, wanda ke rarraba kyaututtuka ga mutane da iyalai waɗanda wasu allurar rigakafi suka ji rauni, bayan sun tabbatar da shi ga Shirin Biyan Rashin Rashin Ruwa na Kasa. Kyaututtuka sun fito ne daga asusun amincewa wanda aka tallafawa ta hanyar harajin haraji a kan dukkan allurar rigakafi. Duk lokacin da kowa ya sami allurar rigakafi, akwai harajin excise na $ 75. Asusun a halin yanzu yana da kusan dala biliyan 4 (kamar Satumba 2019) [4] don diyya ga masu shigar da kara da kuma kudaden lauyoyi da farashin shirin. [5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin ofisoshin HRSA suna da magabata a cikin Hukumar Lafiya ta Jama'a (PHS), suna fitowa daga ko dai Ofishin Kula da Lafiya ko Sashen Lafiya na Al'umma na Ofishin Kulawa na Jiha.[6] A lokacin Sake tsarawa na PHS na 1966-1973, waɗannan duka an shagaltar da su a cikin gajeren sabis na kiwon lafiya da kuma kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa (HSMHA).[7][8] Manufar ita ce daidaita rarrabuwar tare da irin wannan mayar da hankali tare da cikakkiyar hanyar maimakon raguwa; duk da haka, an ga shi babba kuma mai wahala.[9][10][11]
A cikin 1973, an soke HSMHA kuma an raba shi zuwa sassa huɗu: Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa an cire su a cikin PHS, kuma an raba sauran ayyukan tsakanin sabuwar Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Lafiya da Hukumar Kula da Kiwon Lafiyar. [8]
Wasu daga cikin shirye-shiryen HRSA sun samo asali ne a waje da PHS, duk da haka. Ofishin Lafiya na Matir da Yara ya samo asali ne daga rabuwa na Ofishin Yara na 1969, tare da ayyukanta na musamman, horo, da shirye-shiryen bincike da ke motsawa cikin PHS.[12] Ofishin Kula da Lafiya na Farko na Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Al'umma da farko sun kasance wani ɓangare na Ofishin Tattalin Arziki, amma an tura su cikin PHS a shekara ta 1974.[13][14]
Kafawa da tarihin baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa HRSA a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1982, lokacin da aka haɗu da Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Hukumar Kula Da Lafiya.[8] Dokta Robert Graham shine mai gudanarwa na farko na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Ayyuka.
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, an nada Thomas Engels a matsayin mai gudanarwa na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Ayyuka, [15] wanda ya maye gurbin mai gudanarwa George Sigounas. Engels ya bar mukamin a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2021.
A ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 2021, Gwamnatin Biden mai shigowa ta nada Mataimakin Mai Gudanarwa Diana Espinosa, ma'aikaciyar gwamnati, don aiki a matsayin Mataimakin mai Gudanarwa har sai an ambaci magaji na dindindin. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2021, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a kira Carole Johnson a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa, bayan da ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da gwaji a kan White House COVID-19 Response Team.[16] Johnson ta ɗauki matsayin mai gudanarwa a makon farko na Janairu 2022.[17]
A ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2022, bayanan allurar rigakafin HRSA ya bayyana cewa an yi ikirarin 6,088 don raunin / mutuwar da aka danganta da allurar rigakawa ta COVID-19, an hana adadi kaɗan, amma ba a biya ba tukuna. Duk wani biyan kuɗi wanda ya samo asali daga sauran da'awar da aka ba shi zai haifar da bita na Majalisa na sashin cin hanci da rashawa na Dokar PREP, yayin da aka tabbatar da allurar rigakafi ga Majalisa a matsayin "mai aminci da tasiri. " [18] Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin Dokar Inganta Ingancin Kiwon Lafiya ta 1986, Majalisa tana da alhakin sake duba bayanan allurar rig rigakafin HRSA a kowace shekara uku.[19][20]
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "HHS Announces Transformation to Make America Healthy Again". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (in Turanci). 2025-03-27. Archived from the original on 2025-03-27. Retrieved 2025-03-27.
- ↑ US Government Accounting Office (18 July 2018). "United Network for Organ Sharing". gao.gov. Comptroller General of the United States. Archived from the original (Decision) on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
part of HRSA’s organ donation and transplantation program, and serves as “the national system that allocates and distributes donor organs to individuals waiting for an organ transplant.” Healthcare Systems Bureau
- ↑ Gentry, Sommer E.; Segev, Dorry L. (26 November 2018). "Restructuring the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network contract to achieve policy coherence and infrastructure excellence". American Journal of Transplantation. Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons and the American Society of Transplantation. 19 (6): 1622–1627. doi:10.1111/ajt.15161. ISSN 1600-6143. OCLC 47727849. PMC 6494733. PMID 30378753.
- ↑ "FY 2019 Vaccine Injury Compensation Reports - 75X8175". TreasureyDirect. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "About the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program". Health Resources & Services Administration. June 2019. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ "Reorganization and functions of the Public Health Service". United States Senate. 1943. pp. 4–6. Retrieved 2020-09-15 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Records of the Public Health Service [PHS], 1912-1968". National Archives (in Turanci). 2016-08-15. Sections 90.3, 90.3.3, 90.7, 90.8. Archived from the original on 2005-10-24. Retrieved 2020-08-28.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Records of the Health Resources and Services Administration [HRSA]". National Archives (in Turanci). 2016-08-15. Section 512.2, 512.4. Archived from the original on 2020-08-30. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
- ↑ Johnson, Jr., Charles C. (1969). "A New Approach to Consumer Protection and Environmental Health" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-08. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
- ↑ English, Joseph T. (1970-02-01). "Mission of the Health Services and Mental Health Administration". Public Health Reports. 85 (2): 95–99. doi:10.2307/4593798. ISSN 0094-6214. JSTOR 4593798. PMC 2031648. PMID 4983910.
- ↑ Querec, Linda (1990-10-29). "Request for Records Disposition Authority: Unscheduled Health Services Records" (PDF). pp. 1, 3–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
- ↑ Robin Harwood; Stella Yu; Laura Kavanagh. "100 Years of the Maternal and Child Health Research Program". mchb.hrsa.gov. Footnote 116. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
- ↑ "The Health Center Program: An Overview". Bureau of Primary Health Care. Archived from the original on 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2010-10-05.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ Erickson, Anna. "A Policy History of the Community Health Centers Program: 1965-2012" (PDF). University of Michigan. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
- ↑ "Thomas J. Engels". Health Resources and Services Administration. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ↑ "HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra Welcomes Carole Johnson Back to HHS as New HRSA Administrator". HHS.gov (in Turanci). 17 December 2021. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ↑ "New Administrator Carole Johnson Joins HRSA, $48 Million to Increase the Public Health Workforce in Rural and Tribal Communities, Newly Published Year in Review, and more". HRSA (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Vaccination". 11 February 2020. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ↑ "Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act Questions and Answers". Public Health Emergancy. March 11, 2009. Archived from the original on August 12, 2010.
- ↑ "U.S. Code: Title 42". Archived from the original on 2022-09-11. Retrieved 2022-09-07.