Gudanar da tashin hankali na cikin gida
 Gudanar da tashin hankali na cikin gida |
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gudanar da tashin hankali na cikin gida yana hulɗa da kula da wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali a cikin gida da kuma hana maimaita irin wannan tashin hankali. Amsa ga tashin hankali na cikin gida a Kasashen Yamma yawanci hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin tilasta bin doka, Ayyukan zamantakewa, da kiwon lafiya. Matsayin kowannensu ya samo asali ne yayin da aka kawo tashin hankali na gida a gaban jama'a.
A tarihi, ana kallon tashin hankalin cikin gida a matsayin wani lamari na iyali na sirri wanda ba sai gwamnati ko kotunan laifuka ba ke da hannu a ciki.[1] Jami'an 'yan sanda sau da yawa ba sa son shiga tsakani ta hanyar kama wani, kuma sau da yawa suna zaɓar kawai su ba da shawara ga ma'auratan da/ko kuma su nemi ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin ya bar gidan na tsawon lokaci. Kotuna ba sa son sanya wani babban takunkumi ga waɗanda aka samu da laifin cin zarafin cikin gida, galibi saboda ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin laifi na ƙarami. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]
Ra'ayi na zamani a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu shine cewa ya kamata a kalli tashin hankali na gida a matsayin al'amari na jama'a kuma ya kamata duk hukumomin masu aikata laifuka su shiga; da zarar an ruwaito tashin hankali, ya kamata a dauki shi da muhimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar sanya tallafi don dawo da amincin wanda aka azabtar da girmamawa, wanda sau da yawa ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin mutumin da ya haifar da cutar.
Amsar likitanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwararrun likitoci na iya canza rayuwar waɗanda ke fuskantar cin zarafi. Yawancin shari'o'in cin zarafin ma'aurata likitoci ne kawai ke kula da su kuma ba su haɗa da 'yan sanda ba. Wani lokaci ana kawo shari'o'in tashin hankali na gida a cikin dakin gaggawa, [1] yayin da Likitan iyali ko wani mai ba da kulawa ta farko ke kula da wasu lokuta. [2] Likitoci masu ƙwarewa suna ƙara taka muhimmiyar rawa. Misali, likitocin cutar kanjamau sun dace da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa cin zarafin da aka ba da alaƙar da ke tsakanin cin zarafi da kamuwa da cutar kanjamawa da kuma dangantakarsu ta rayuwa da marasa lafiya.[3]
Kwararrun likitoci suna cikin matsayi don ba da shawara da kuma tura wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa ayyukan da suka dace; duk da haka, ƙwararrun likitanci ba koyaushe ba ne suka sadu da wannan rawar, tare da ingancin kulawa mara kyau kuma, a wasu lokuta, rashin fahimta game da tashin hankali na gida.[4]
Carole Washaw ta ba da shawarar cewa likitoci da yawa sun fi son kada su shiga cikin rayuwar "masu zaman kansu" ta mutane. Jenny Clifton, John Jacobs, Jo Tulloch sun gano cewa horo ga masu aiki gaba ɗaya a Amurka game da tashin hankali na gida yana da iyaka sosai ko kuma ba su da horo. Abbott da Williamson sun gano cewa ilimi da fahimtar tashin hankali na gida yana da iyaka sosai tsakanin masu kula da kiwon lafiya a cikin Midlands, gundumar United Kingdom, kuma ba sa ganin kansu suna iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa mata game da tashin hankali na cikin gida.[4] Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya na kiwon lafiya, sau da yawa ana kula da raunin da aka gano shi, ba tare da la'akari da abubuwan da ke haifar da shi ba. Hakanan, akwai rashin son rai ga wadanda abin ya shafa su zo gaba da tattauna batun tare da likitocin su.[5] A matsakaici, mata suna fuskantar abubuwan da suka faru 35 na tashin hankali na gida kafin neman magani.[6]
A Amurka, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta fahimci gazawar tsarin kiwon lafiya a cikin rahotonta na 2002 mai taken Confronting Chronic Neglect kuma ta danganta wasu matsalolin da aka ambata ga rashin isasshen horo tsakanin masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya. A Amurka, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta fahimci gazawar tsarin kiwon lafiya a cikin rahotonta na 2002 mai taken Confronting Chronic Neglect kuma ta danganta wasu matsalolin da aka ambata ga rashin isasshen horo tsakanin masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya.
Kwararrun masu kiwon lafiya suna da alhakin ɗabi'a don ganewa da magance cin zarafin marasa lafiya, a cikin yanayin kiwon lafiya. Misali, ka'idar ka'idojin kiwon lafiya ta Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amurka ta bayyana cewa "Saboda yaduwa da sakamakon kiwon lafiya na tashin hankali na iyali, ya kamata likitoci suyi tambaya akai-akai game da cin zarafin jiki, jima'i, da kuma tunanin mutum a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarihin kiwon lafiya. Likitoci dole ne suyi la'akari da cin zarafi a cikin bambancin ganewar asali don yawan korafe-korafe na kiwon lafiya, musamman lokacin da suke kula da mata. "[7]
Dokar tilasta aiki
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A cikin shekarun 1970s, binciken da aka yi a Turai da Arewacin Amurka ya nuna cewa tashin hankali na gida ya bazu a gidaje da yawa, wanda ya haifar da rauni na motsin rai da na jiki, kuma wani lokacin mutuwa.[1] A cikin karni na 21 kasashe da yawa sun dauki matakai don kawar da tashin hankali na gida, kamar likita laifuka na tashin hankali ga mata da sauran cin zarafi. An kafa kungiyoyi waɗanda ke ba da taimako da kariya ga waɗanda aka yi wa cin zarafin gida, dokoki da magungunan aikata laifuka, da kotunan tashin hankali na gida. [nb 1] Bugu da ƙari, an samar da sabis na zamantakewa, shari'a, tunanin mutum, da kiwon lafiya ga waɗanda ke fama da tashin hankali na gida.[1]
Kodayake ayyukan tashin hankali na cikin gida laifi ne kuma keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, aminci da mutunci, tun daga shekara ta 2010 Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gano cewa har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin batun sirri. Wasu ƙasashe da ke da dokoki game da tashin hankali na cikin gida bazai tilasta su ba kuma akwai ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ba sa aikata laifuka a cikin gida. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta wallafa Handbook on Effective Responses to Violence against Women ga 'yan sanda da sauran masu amsawa na farko don samar da jagororin shiga tsakani na' yan sanda.
Inda akwai dokoki game da tashin hankali na gida, irin wannan cin zarafin sau da yawa ba a bayar da rahoto ba. Dalilan da ba su bayar da rahoto ba na iya haɗawa da cewa wanda aka azabtar ba ya son kawo ƙarshen dangantakar, ya ba da rahoton tashin hankali ko neman magungunan shari'a sun haɗa da:
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Boyle, A.; Robinson, S.; Atkinson, P. (2004). "Domestic violence in emergency medicine patients". Emergency Medicine Journal. 21 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1136/emj.2003.007591. PMC 1756378. PMID 14734366.
- ↑ Gerbert, B.; Caspers, N.; Bronstone, A.; Moe, J.; Abercrombie, P. (1999). "A qualitative analysis of how physicians with expertise in domestic violence approach the identification of victims". Annals of Internal Medicine. 131 (8): 578–584. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00005. PMID 10523218. S2CID 30576148.
- ↑ Siemieniuk, R. A. C.; Krentz, H. B.; Gish, J. A.; Gill, M. J. (2010). "Domestic Violence Screening: Prevalence and Outcomes in a Canadian HIV Population". AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 24 (12): 763–770. doi:10.1089/apc.2010.0235. PMID 21138382.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Abbott, P. (1999). "Women, Health and Domestic Violence". Journal of Gender Studies. 8: 83–102. doi:10.1080/095892399102841. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Williamson-p83" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Gerbert, B.; Caspers, N.; Bronstone, A.; Moe, J.; Abercrombie, P. (1999). "A qualitative analysis of how physicians with expertise in domestic violence approach the identification of victims". Annals of Internal Medicine. 131 (8): 578–584. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00005. PMID 10523218. S2CID 30576148.
- ↑ Bowen, E.; Brown, L.; Gilchrist, E. (2002). "Evaluating Probation Based Offender Programmes for Domestic Violence Perpetrators: A Pro-Feminist Approach". The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 41 (3): 221–236. doi:10.1111/1468-2311.00238. S2CID 145680943.
- ↑ Boyle, A.; Robinson, S.; Atkinson, P. (2004). "Domestic violence in emergency medicine patients". Emergency Medicine Journal. 21 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1136/emj.2003.007591. PMC 1756378. PMID 14734366.