Gudun gauntlet

gudun gauntlet
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Kafar Azaba

Gauntlet a Rasha, 1845

"Running the gauntlet" yana nufin shiga cikin wani nau'i na azabtarwa ta jiki wanda aka tilasta mutum ɗaya ko fiye su gudu tsakanin layuka biyu na mutanen da suka kai musu hari da makamai. A kwatanci, ana amfani da kalmar don isar da gwajin jama'a wanda dole ne mutum ya shawo kansa.

Magana da rubutun kalmomi

Kalmar gauntlet ta samo asali daga Swedish gatlopp, daga gata 'Lane' da lopp ' Hakika, gudu'. An aro shi zuwa Ingilishi a cikin karni na 17, mai yiwuwa daga sojojin Ingilishi da na Sweden da ke yaƙi a cikin sojojin Furotesta a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin . Ba a cika yin amfani da hukuncin da kanta ba a cikin Sojojin Sweden a lokacin mulkin sarki Gustav III a cikin 1770s kuma an soke shi a cikin Sojojin Sweden a 1851.

Kalmar a Turanci asalin an rubuta gantelope ko gantlope, amma ba da daɗewa ba kalmar <i id="mwPQ">gauntlet</i> ba ta da alaƙa ta rinjayi lafazin ta, ma'ana safar hannu mai sulke, wanda aka samo daga French . Harafin ya canza tare da lafazin lafazin. Dukansu hankulan gauntlet suna da bambancin rubutun gantlet . Don hukuncin, an fi son rubutun gantlet a cikin jagororin amfani da Ingilishi na Amurka na Bryan Garner da Robert Hartwell Fiske kuma an jera su azaman bambance-bambancen rubutun gauntlet ta ƙamus na Amurka . Kamus na Biritaniya suna yiwa lakabin gantlet a matsayin Ba-Amurke.

Amfani da tsananin

Spiessgasse (pike-alley), daga littafin Yakin Frundsberger na Jost Amman, 1525

An yi amfani da nau'in sojan ruwa na gauntlet a tarihi a cikin Royal Navy a matsayin horo ga ƙananan laifuka kamar barin ma'aikatan a cikin yanayin da ba shi da tsabta, ko rashin dawowa a kan lokaci daga hutu. An umarci wanda aka yanke masa hukunci da ya yi la'akari da adadin da'irori a kusa da bene na jirgin, yayin da abokan aikinsa suka buge shi da nau'ikan wutsiyoyi tara. Runs na gauntlet kuma za a iya gaba da shi da bulala goma sha biyu daga cat na jirgin ruwa o ' tara wutsiyoyi, don haka duk wani bugawa daga ma'aikatan zai kara raunana a bayansa. Tasirin hukuncin zai dogara da shahararren mai tuƙi da ake azabtarwa, da kuma girman laifin. A cikin shekara ta 1760, an yanke wa Francis Lanyon, wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a cikin jirgin ruwa na HMS Royal George, hukuncin kisa sau uku, saboda rashin dawowa daga hutu. A bayyane yake ma'aikatan ba su yarda da hukuncin ba, kamar yadda mataimakin jirgin daga baya ya rubuta cewa Lanyon bai sami mummunan rauni daga aikin ba. Hukuncin sojan ruwa na gudanar da gauntlet an soke shi ta hanyar Admiralty Order a cikin 1806.

A cikin rubuce-rubuce na farko na mulkin mallaka na Dutch na New Amsterdam ya bayyana cikakken bayani game da gudanar da "Gantlope / Gantloppe" a matsayin horo ga "Court Martial of Melchior Claes" (soja). Ya ce "... Kotun Marshall ta yanke hukunci cewa zai gudu da Gantlope sau ɗaya tsawon sansanin, inda bisa ga al'adar wannan azabtarwa masu rai za su sami sauyawa da za su kai musu wanda za su buge shi yayin da yake wucewa ta hanyar su ya ɓace, kuma a ƙofar sansanin Marshall zai karbe shi kuma a can ya kori shi daga Garrison a matsayin mutumin da ba zai dawo ba ... "

Amfani da 'yan asalin Amurka

Wani fursuna yana gudanar da gauntlet tsakanin mayaƙan Shawnee.

Yawancin kabilun Amurkawa na yankin al'adu na Gabashin Woodlands sun tilasta wa fursunoni yin aikin gauntlet (duba Kamawa a Yaƙin Indiyawan Amurka ). ^[The Jesuit Isaac Jogues ya kasance ƙarƙashin wannan magani yayin da yake fursuna na Iroquois a 1641. Ya kwatanta wahalar a cikin wasiƙar da ta bayyana a cikin littafin The Jesuit Martyrs of North America : "Kafin mu isa (a ƙauyen Iroquois) mun sadu da samarin ƙasar, a cikin layin da ke dauke da sanduna ...", kuma shi da ɗan'uwansa Faransanci ya ba da lokaci don yin tafiya a hankali. ya buge mu."

Amfani na zamani

Hanyar motsa jiki a cikin kwaminisanci Poland

A zamanin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland, hukumomin Kwaminisanci sun tilasta masu adawa da siyasa, masu laifi, masu zanga-zangar, da fursunoni ta hanyar tsari mai kama da gauntlet, wanda suka kira ś__ilo____ilo____ilo__ (a zahiri 'hanyar lafiya', amma ana amfani da ita don nufin Hanyoyin motsa jiki na farko).

A cikin KOR, Tarihin Kwamitin Tsaro na Ma'aikata a Poland, 1976-1981, Jan Józef Lipski ya rubuta kwarewar wani irin wannan mai laifi a lokacin zanga-zangar Yuni 1976:

On the first day I walked the "path of health" on the way from a truck to the police van, about 50 metres. They ordered me to walk slowly so that each one could hit me. They beat me with fists, clubs, boots. At the very end, I fell down. I couldn't get up again under the hail of clubs... A "path of health" from the van to the second floor... When they took us to get haircuts – another "path of health" some 40 metres long, from the door of the room all the way to the car... Yet another 10 metres in the corridor leading to the table... Then, a "path of health" (10 metres) to cell number nine... to the court in a prison truck; of course another "path of health"... then again a "path" from prison to prison. I survived another "path of health" in the morning when they took me to Kielce.

— Waldemar Michalski,

Al'adar soja

Ana amfani da irin wannan ayyuka a wasu farawa da al'adun wucewa, kamar yadda a kan pollywogs (waɗanda suka wuce ma'auni a karo na farko sun haɗa da fasalin paddling)

A cikin wani taron Ƙungiyar Tailhook don matukan jirgin ruwa da na Marine Corps, an tilasta mata masu halarta su gudu da gauntlet a cikin hallway na otal yayin da maza masu halarta suka dame su.

Wasanni

Ana yin bikin sabon belin ta hanyar gudanar da belin belin

A wasu wasannin ƙungiya, kamar lacrosse da hockey a kankara, gauntlet suna ne na kowa don wani nau'in motsa jiki inda duk ƙungiyar ke toshewa ko bincika 'yan wasa a cikin jerin.

A cikin jiu-jitsu na Brazil, lokacin da aka inganta dalibi zuwa belin launi na gaba, wani lokacin ana buƙatar su gudu tsakanin layuka biyu na 'yan uwan su, waɗanda suka buge su da belinsu.