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Gudun yanayi

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

Shige da fice na yanayi wani bangare ne na motsi mai alaƙa da yanayi wanda ke nufin motsi wanda tasirin bala'o'i na kwatsam ko sannu a hankali suka haifar, kamar "ruwan sama mai yawa, fari mai tsawo, hamada, lalacewar muhalli, ko hauhawar matakin teku da guguwa".[1] Canje-canje a hankali a cikin muhalli yana da tasiri ga mutane da yawa fiye da bala'o'i na kwatsam. Yawancin baƙi na yanayi suna motsawa a cikin ƙasashensu, kodayake ƙananan mutanen da ke fama da sauyin yanayi suna motsa jiki a kan iyakokin ƙasa.[2]

Canjin yanayi yana haifar da ƙaura a kan babban sikelin duniya. Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR) ya kiyasta cewa matsakaicin mutane miliyan 20 ana tilasta su zuwa wasu yankuna a kasashe a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi a kowace shekara.[3] Bala'o'in da suka shafi yanayi suna shafar yawan mutanen da aka ware, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar wasu ƙalubalen tsari a yankuna da ƙasashe masu saukin yanayi.[3] Rahoton Fadar White House na 2021 game da Tasirin Canjin Yanayi a kan Shige da Fice ya jaddada tasirin sauyin yanayi da ƙaura mai alaƙa da yanayi, daga rushewar al'ummomin da ke cikin rauni da waɗanda aka ware, ƙarancin albarkatu, zuwa ƙone tashin hankali na siyasa.[4]

Ƙananan tsarin kasa da kasa da ke akwai da kuma tsarin shari'a na yanki da na cikin gida suna ba da isasshen kariya ga baƙi na yanayi.[3] Koyaya, kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta lura, "mutane waɗanda aka cire su saboda canjin yanayi sun kasance a duk faɗin duniya - koda kuwa al'ummomin duniya sun yi jinkirin gane su a matsayin haka. " A sakamakon haka, an bayyana ƙaurawar yanayi a matsayin "rikice-rikicen shiru na duniya", yana bambanta yaduwar duniya da rashin sanarwa da bincike. [5][6] Kimanin kan canjin yanayi ya bambanta, amma duk suna nuna yanayin tsoro. Wasu tsinkaye sun kiyasta kimanin mutane miliyan 200 za su rasa muhallinsu ta hanyar bala'o'in da suka shafi yanayi a shekara ta 2050. [7][8] Wasu ma sun kiyasta har zuwa 'yan gudun hijira biliyan 1 nan da shekara ta 2050, amma waɗannan suna ɗaukar barazanar muhalli, gami da rikice-rikicen farar hula da bala'o'i, a cikin la'akari.[9]

Dalilan da suka haifar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masu ƙaura na yanayi suna nufin waɗanda ke shiga cikin motsi wanda tasirin canjin yanayi na kwatsam ko sannu a hankali ke motsawa, kamar "ruwan sama mai yawa, fari mai tsawo, hamada, lalacewar muhalli, ko hauhawar matakin teku da guguwa".[1] Karin bala'o'i da canjin yanayi ya haifar, yana da damar yin tasiri ga yawan jama'a, wanda ke haifar da adadi mai yawa na baƙi na yanayi. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, yawan bala'o'i ya karu da kashi 5.[10] Baya ga bala'o'i masu tsanani da yawa, hauhawar yanayin zafi na duniya zai haifar da fari da dusar ƙanƙara da narkewar kankara, wanda ke haifar da matakan teku mafi girma.

Hawan matakan teku shine damuwa da ake magana akai-akai a tattaunawar muhalli. An kiyasta matakan teku su tashi tsakanin 3 da 6 feet da 2100.[11] Wannan yana nufin cewa, a hankali, yankunan ƙasa za su kasance cikin ruwa. Don sanya shi a cikin hangen nesa, a matsakaita a kowace shekara, matakin teku ya tashi 3.7 mm.[11] Wadannan bayanan sun nuna manyan barazanar ga biranen bakin teku da yanayin halittu, wanda zai iya kawar da mutane da yawa. 

Adalci na yanayi da daidaitawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na kallon ƙaura da canjin muhalli. Shige da fice na iya zama batun kare hakkin dan adam ko batun tsaro. Tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam yana ba da shawarar haɓaka tsarin kariya ga baƙi. Ƙarin tsaro na kan iyaka na iya zama ma'anar bi da ƙaura a matsayin batun tsaro na ƙasa. Yana yiwuwa a haɗa duka hanyoyin biyu, tare da la'akari da damuwar ƙasa daidai da haƙƙin ɗan adam.[12]

Ayyukan Daidaita Yanayin yanayi a shirye-shiryen haɗarin yanayi kuma a matsayin martani ga canjin yanayi na iya kara ƙarfin yanayi na al'ummomi. Koyaya, waɗannan ayyukan na iya ba da gudummawa ba tare da saninsu ba ga haɓaka yanayi - tsari inda ayyukan don magance haɗarin yanayi ke haifar da ƙaurawar ƙananan ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ta al'ummomin da suka fi arziki. Biranen bakin teku na ciki da yankuna a mafi girman tsaunuka, waɗanda al'adunsu ba su da wadata, yanzu suna zama abin sha'awa saboda karuwar haɗari kamar hauhawar matakin teku da abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da ke shafar kadarorin bakin teku masu arziki

Ta hanyar karfafa juriya, irin waɗannan ayyukan na iya rage matakin ƙaura da mutane ke jin an tilasta suyi saboda ƙalubalen da suka shafi yanayi. Ana yin matakai daban-daban na saka hannun jari don tallafawa daidaitawa, juriya, da motsi na unguwa, kananan hukumomi, da kasashe a fuskar canjin yanayi da kuma ƙaurawar muhalli. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don la'akari da shi tunda ƙananan jihohin tsibirin, mutanen karkara, mutane masu launi, al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi, tsofaffi, mutanen da ke da nakasa, mutanen birane na bakin teku, abinci da gidaje marasa aminci, da ƙasashe masu tasowa suna da matukar damuwa ga mummunar tasirin rikicin yanayi sabili da haka ga ƙaurawar muhalli.[13][14][15] Kamar dai yadda mutane da kasashe ba sa ba da gudummawa daidai ga canjin yanayi, ba sa fuskantar mummunan tasirin rikicin daidai.[13] Dukkanin tasirin gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci na canjin yanayi yana kawo al'ummomin da ba su da shiri sun cutar da muhalli kuma suna kara rashin daidaito da ke akwai.[16] Mutanen da ke da alaƙa da muhalli, kamar waɗanda ke cikin aikin gona, kamun kifi, da kasuwancin da ke dogara da bakin teku, suma suna cikin haɗarin komawa ko asarar aiki saboda canjin yanayi.[13] Idan al'ummomi ba za su iya daidaitawa yadda ya kamata ba, ƙaura na iya fitowa a matsayin amsa ta farko.

  1. 1 2 Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Climate change and disaster displacement". UNHCR (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-01-09.
  2. ↑ "2021 Global Report on Internal Displacement". www.internal-displacement.org. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
  3. 1 2 3 "IRAP Advocacy Memo on Climate Displacement" (PDF). International Refugee Assistance Project. November 2022.
  4. ↑ "The White House Report on the Impact of Climate Change on Migration" (PDF).
  5. ↑ Curtis, Kimberly (2017-04-24). ""Climate Refugees," Explained". UN Dispatch (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  6. ↑ "Climate refugees: The world's silent crisis". Nikkei Asia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-01-09.
  7. ↑ "Climate refugees: The world's silent crisis". Nikkei Asia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-01-09.
  8. ↑ World Bank. "Climate Change Could Force 216 Million People to Migrate Within Their Own Countries by 2050". WorldBank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  9. ↑ Institute for Economics & Peace. "Over one billion people at threat of being displaced by 2050 due to environmental change, conflict and civil unrest" (PDF). Economics and Peace. Institute for Economics & Peace. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  10. ↑ World Meteorological Organization (August 31, 2021). "Weather-related disasters increase over past 50 years, causing more damage but fewer deaths". Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  11. 1 2 IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001
  12. ↑ "'Climate Change Migrants': Impediments to a Protection Framework and the Need to Incorporate Migration into Climate Change Adaptation Strategies". International Journal of Refugee Law.
  13. 1 2 3 "5 facts on climate migrants - Institute for Environment and Human Security". ehs.unu.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-24.
  14. ↑ Nations, United. "Economic Recovery after Natural Disasters". United Nations (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-24.
  15. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Disability, Displacement and Climate Change". UNHCR (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-24.
  16. ↑ Smith, Neil. "There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster". Items (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-24.
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