Guguwar Favio

Guguwar Favio
tropical cyclone (en)
Bayanai
Lokacin farawa	11 ga Faburairu, 2007
Lokacin gamawa	23 ga Faburairu, 2007

Guguwar Tropical mai tsanani Favio ita ce guguwar zafi ta farko da aka sani da ta wuce kudancin Madagascar don buga ƙasar Afirka a matsayin guguwa mai zafi. Da farko a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2007, wani yanki na yanayin damuwa ya samo asali a gabashin Madagascar. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka, an kira Favio kamar yadda ya kara karfi zuwa hadari mai zafi yayin da yake motsawa kudu maso yamma. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, an inganta guguwar zuwa guguwa mai tsanani. Sa'an nan kuma, ya juya yamma a cikin gaba ɗaya na Mozambique. Ci gaba da karuwa, an inganta Favio zuwa guguwa mai zafi a farkon ranar 19 ga Fabrairu. Daga baya, guguwar ta fara zurfafawa cikin sauri; ƙaramin guguwar ya kai matsayin guguwa mai zafi washegari kafin ya kai ga tsananin ƙarfi. Koyaya, guguwar ta raunana kadan kafin ta sauka a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu a Lardin Inhambane a Mozambique. Ya raunana cikin sauri a ƙasa kuma ya ɓace washegari.

Yayinda yake ƙarfafawa, Favio ya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa zuwa kudancin Madagascar. Bayan ya sauro, guguwar Tropical Cyclone Favio ta kawo mummunar lalacewa ga Vilanculos a Mozambique, inda guguwar ta kashe mutane hudu kuma ta ji rauni aƙalla 70 a garin. Kimanin kashi 80% na garin ya lalace. Gabaɗaya, jimlar mutane goma sun mutu sakamakon guguwar kuma kusan wasu 100 sun ji rauni, kuma haɗe da ambaliyar da ta gabata, guguwar ta haifar da dala miliyan 71 (2007 USD) a cikin lalacewa. Kimanin gidaje 130,000 sun sami lalacewa kuma makarantu 130 sun lalace ta hanyar guguwar wurare masu zafi. A duk faɗin ƙasar, jimlar mutane 33,000 sun rasa gida a lokacin tsarin. Guguwar Favio ta lalata hekta 277,000 hectares (680,000 acres) (684,480 acres) na amfanin gona. A Zimbabwe, an rushe sandunan wutar lantarki 400. A lokacin bayan guguwar, hukumomi da yawa sun ba da taimako ga wadanda ke fama da guguwar Favio a Mozambique. Wata hukumar ta ba da gudummawar $ 626,500, ta taimaka wajen jigilar raga 50,000 zuwa yankin da aka lalata. An rarraba jimlar sanduna 5,500 na sabulu, guga 1,600, wanka 50, da kuma dakuna sama da 180 ga wadanda abin ya shafa a yankin da aka lalata. A cikin duka, an yaba wa gwamnati saboda yadda suka magance bala'in.          

Tarihin yanayi

Cyclone Favio ya samo asali ne daga wani yanki na yanayin damuwa wanda ofishin Météo-France ya fara rarraba shi a Réunion (MFR) a 1200 UTC 11 Fabrairu 2007. Bayan sa'o'i goma sha biyu, Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadari (JTWC) ta ba da shawara ta farko game da Taron. A tsakar rana a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, MFR ta inganta tsarin zuwa rikici na wurare masu zafi kuma ta lura cewa darajarta a wannan lokacin akan dabarar Dvorak ta kasance 2.0.

A cewar JTWC, wani yanki na convection ya bunkasa 340 miles (550 km) kudu maso kudu maso yammacin Diego Garcia. Da farko, duk da haka, ba a mai da hankali sosai a kusa da cibiyar ba. Koyaya, Yanayin zafi na teku a yankin ya ɗan yi dumi don haka an yi hasashen karuwa a hankali kuma an yi hasashe guguwar ta zama guguwa mai tsanani a cikin awanni 48. Da yake a cikin yanayin iska mai ƙarancin iska da kuma fitarwa mai kyau, aikin tsawa nan da nan ya karu kuma ta haka ne ya fara karfafawa a kusa da yaduwar iska. Ci gaba da fuskantar yanayi mafi kyau, JTWC ta ba da sanarwar Tsarin Guguwa na Tropical (TCFA) a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu. A halin yanzu, MFR ta inganta tsarin zuwa mummunan yanayi. Bayan sa'o'i goma sha takwas, Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Mauritius ta sanya sunan tsarin a matsayin tsarin; a cewar MFR, ya kara karfi a cikin guguwa mai zafi.

Da yake motsawa sosai a kudu maso yamma, guguwar ta kara tsanantawa a hankali. Da farko a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, JTWC ta ba da sanarwar cewa wannan tsarin ya kara karfi a cikin guguwa mai zafi. Bayan ya kara karfi dan kadan (bisa ga bayanan JTWC) a wannan maraice, guguwar ta raunana da daddare, kawai don sake kara karfi da safe. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, Favio ya juya kudu maso yamma don mayar da martani ga babban tudun subtropical. Duk da karancin iska, Favio ya kasance guguwa mai matsakaici na wurare masu zafi na kwanaki da yawa; duk da haka, a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, MFR ta sanar da cewa Favio ya kara karfi a cikin guguwa ta wurare masu zafi. Daga baya, guguwar ta juya yamma yayin da tudun ya haɗu da wani da ke tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, hukumar ta inganta tsarin zuwa matsayin guguwa. A 00:00 UTC a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, JTWC ta inganta tsarin zuwa Category 1 guguwa-daidai a kan Saffir-Simpson guguwar iska (SSHWS) kodayake ba a yi hasashen ƙarin ƙarfi ba.  

Guguwar Favio a ƙasar Mozambique.

Upon becoming a hurricane, thunderstorm activity began to develop around an eye. Favio turned west-northwest, traversing the Mozambique Channel while beginning to deepen. At 00:00 UTC 20 February, the JTWC declared that Favio had intensified into a Category 2 hurricane-equivalent on the SSHWS. Several hours later, Favio was then upgraded into an intense tropical cyclone by MFR as the system developed a very small eye. Simultaneously, Cyclone Favio was upgraded into a Category 3 hurricane on the SSHWS via the JTWC. During the afternoon hours of 20 February, the JTWC reported that Favio had developed winds equivalent to Category 4 intensity. That evening, MFR noted that Cyclone Favio had peaked in intensity, with winds of 120 miles per hour (190 km/h), becoming the most intense tropical cyclone south of the 25th<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&nbsp;</span>parallel over the Mozambique Channel since the satellite era began. Six hours later, the JTWC announced that Favio had peaked in intensity, with 140 miles per hour (230 km/h) winds. This made Favio equal to a mid-level Category 4 hurricane. At the time of its peak, Favio had developed a well-defined eye.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan mafi girma, Cyclone Favio ya fara raunana; ainihin guguwar ta fara rushewa a arewa maso yammacin yankin. JTWC ta yi tsammanin Favio zai ci gaba da raunana, ya ɓace cikin awanni 48 a ƙasa. Idanu sun ɓace daga Hotunan tauraron dan adam, ko da yake da sassafe na 22 ga Fabrairu, wannan fasalin ya sake bunkasa. A wannan rana, an kiyasta guguwar ta fadi a kudancin Mozambique. A wannan lokacin, JTWC ta ba da rahoton iskõki na 105 miles per hour (169 km/h) km / h), tsarin Category 2 akan SSHWS. A gefe guda, MFR ta kiyasta iskõki na 105 mph (170 km / h) (wani guguwa mai zafi). Bayan ya fadi, ya yi haka a ranar cika shekaru bakwai na guguwa mai karfi ta ƙarshe, Eline, don ya buge Mozambique. Favio ita ce guguwa ta farko ta wurare masu zafi da ta buge kasar tun lokacin da Guguwar Japan ta yi a lokacin 2002-03 Kudancin Yammacin Tekun Indiya. A farkon 23 ga Fabrairu, iskar ta sauka ƙasa da ƙarfin guguwa bisa ga JTWC, yayin da guguwar ta ɓace daga baya a wannan rana. A wannan lokacin, MFR ta daina saka idanu kan tsarin.  

Shirye-shiryen

Kafin zuwan Favio, ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye Mozambique makonni da suka gabata, ta tilasta wa mutane 163,000 neman mafaka. Ambaliyar ta fara ne a ƙarshen watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006 lokacin da madatsar ruwan Cahora Bassa ta mamaye bankunanta. Ambaliyar ta kara tsanantawa a watan Fabrairun 2007 lokacin da Kogin Zambezi ya karya bankunan sa, ya ambaliya yankunan da ke kewaye da Mozambique. An kwashe mutane 80,600 daga gidajensu a lardunan Tete, Manica, Sofala da Zambezia a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu. An tabbatar da mutane ashirin da tara da suka mutu saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta Favio.   

Yayinda yake a mafi girman ƙarfi, guguwar ta yi barazanar Mozambique kuma ta tilasta wa hukumomi su sanya kasar a cikin babban faɗakarwa. Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Burtaniya ya kuma ba da gargadi na tafiya ga 'yan Burtaniya waɗanda ke shirin ziyara a kan Tsibirin Bazaruto. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar kula da bala'i ta Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance a cikin cikakken faɗakarwa a gabashin Mpumalanga. Bugu da kari, an sanya dubban masu sa kai a tsaye.

Wasu mazauna Vilankulo sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere daga yankin dauke da kayansu da yara yayin da gwamnati ta bukaci mazauna su nemi mafaka a wuri mafi girma kafin guguwar ta faru. Sun kwashe mutane da yawa da suka rage, suka kai su sansanonin tanti. Jami'ai sun ce Favio na iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa a Zambia, Malawi da Zimbabwe. Hukumomi a cikin ƙarshen sun ba da gargadi na ambaliyar ruwa. Saboda yanayin yankin, masu binciken yanayi sun lura da yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa a Zimabawe.