Guguwar zafi
 Guguwar zafi | |
|---|---|
type of meteorological phenomenon (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | meteorological phenomenon (en) , matsanancin yanayi da yanayi |
| Fuskar | Canjin yanayi |
| Has cause (en) | high-pressure area (en) |
| Yana haddasa | Damuwa (biology), hyperthermia (en) da Wildfire |
| Contributing factor of (en) | heat illness (en) da power outage (en) |
| Has contributing factor (en) | canjin yanayi |
| Model item (en) | Ruwa mai zafi na Indiya na 2024 da 2024 Ruwa mai zafi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya |
| Hannun riga da | cold wave (en) |
| Nada jerin | list of heat waves (en) |
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Ruwa mai zafi ko zafi mai zafi, wani lokacin ana bayyana shi azaman matsanancin zafi, lokaci ne na yanayin zafi wanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. Ana yawan auna guguwar zafi dangane da yanayin da aka saba da shi a yankin da kuma yanayin zafi na yau da kullun don kakar.[1] Babban matsalolin da ke tattare da wannan ma'anar mai zurfi suna fitowa lokacin da mutum dole ne ya ƙayyade abin da yanayin zafin jiki na 'al'ada' yake, da kuma abin da girman sararin samaniya na taron zai iya ko dole ne ya kasance. Za'a iya ɗaukar yanayin zafi da mutane daga yanayin zafi suka yi la'akari da shi azaman raƙuman zafi a cikin yanki mai sanyi. Wannan zai zama lamarin idan yanayi zafi ya kasance a waje da yanayin yanayi na al'ada na wannan yanki. Ruwa na zafi ya zama mafi yawa, kuma ya fi karfi a kan ƙasa, a kusan kowane yanki a Duniya tun daga shekarun 1950, karuwar mitar da tsawon lokaci ya haifar da Canjin yanayi. A cewar Kungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya, raƙuman zafi sun ci gaba da karuwa a cikin 2024, tare da yanayin zafi da aka ruwaito a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da China. Yankuna da yawa sun sami kwanaki a jere sama da 45 ° C (113 ° F), suna nuna karuwar mitar da tsananin abubuwan da suka faru a duk duniya.
Ruwa mai zafi ya samo asali ne lokacin da wani yanki mai matsin lamba a cikin sararin samaniya ya ƙarfafa kuma ya kasance a kan yanki na kwanaki da yawa har zuwa makonni da yawa.[2] Wannan yana kama zafi kusa da farfajiyar duniya. Yawancin lokaci yana yiwuwa a hango hasashen raƙuman zafi, don haka yana ba da damar hukumomi su ba da gargadi a gaba.
Ruwa na zafi yana da tasiri ga tattalin arziki. Za su iya rage yawan ma'aikata, rushe hanyoyin noma da masana'antu da lalata ababen more rayuwa.[3][4] Ruwa mai tsanani ya haifar da mummunar gazawar amfanin gona da dubban mutuwar daga hyperthermia. Sun kara hadarin gobarar daji a yankunan da ke da fari. Za su iya ƙara ƙarin damuwa a kan grid na lantarki, wanda zai iya haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki (ƙuntatawa ko ƙuntatawa). Ruwa mai zafi ya ƙidaya a matsayin matsanancin yanayi. Yana haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam, saboda zafi da hasken rana suna mamaye yanayin zafi a cikin mutane.
China
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani binciken ya gano cewa matsakaicin mazaunin kasar Sin ya fallasa kwanaki 16 na raƙuman zafi a cikin 2023, tare da mutuwar da suka shafi raƙuman ruwa sama da 37,000. Bayan haka, yawan sa'o'in aiki da suka ɓace saboda damuwa mai zafi a China ya kai biliyan 36.9 a cikin 2023, kuma 'yan kasar Sin sun sami karuwar kashi 60% a cikin sa'o-tafiyen ayyukan waje da suka ɓoye, tare da kowane mutum ya rasa sa'oʼi 2.2 a matsakaita kowace rana. Binciken ya yi hasashen cewa a cikin shekarun 2060, ana sa ran mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da guguwar zafi ta shekara-shekara za ta kai 29,000 zuwa 38,000 a China, tare da karuwar 28% zuwa 37% a cikin lokutan aiki da suka ɓace.[5]
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Yulin 2019, akwai mutane sama da miliyan 50 a Amurka a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da ke da shawarwarin zafi. Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa za a karya rikodin da yawa na mafi girman yanayin zafi a cikin kwanaki bayan waɗannan gargadi. Wannan yana nufin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin sa'o'i 24 zai zama mafi girma fiye da kowane ƙarancin zafi da aka auna a baya.
Dangane da binciken 2022, mutane miliyan 107 a Amurka za su fuskanci zafi mai haɗari sosai a shekara ta 2053.[6]
A watan Satumbar 2026, sassan Kudancin California sun kasance a karkashin gargadi mai zafi a lokacin guguwar zafi inda aka yi hasashen zafi mai zafi, wani bangare daga ragowar tsohon guguwar Tropical Marie da yanayin zafi na teku, don kara rashin jin daɗi da kuma iyakance taimakon dare.
Ruwa na zafi shine mafi yawan yanayin yanayi a Amurka. Tsakanin 1992 da 2001, mutuwar daga matsanancin zafi a Amurka sun ƙidaya 2,190, idan aka kwatanta da mutuwar 880 daga ambaliyar ruwa da 150 daga guguwa masu zafi.[7] Kimanin mutuwar 400 a kowace shekara a matsakaita kai tsaye ne saboda zafi a Amurka.[8] Rashin zafi na Chicago na 1995, daya daga cikin mafi munin tarihin Amurka, ya haifar da kusan mutuwar 739 da ke da alaƙa da zafi a cikin kwanaki 5.[9] A Amurka, asarar rayuwar mutum a cikin zafi a lokacin rani ya wuce abin da duk sauran abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi suka haifar. Wadannan sun hada da walƙiya, ruwan sama, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, da guguwa.
Kimanin Amurkawa 6,200 suna buƙatar magani a asibiti a kowane bazara, bisa ga bayanan daga 2008. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan zafi, kuma wadanda ke cikin haɗari mafi girma matalauta ne, marasa inshora ko tsofaffi.
Dangantaka tsakanin matsanancin zafin jiki da mutuwa a Amurka ya bambanta da wuri. Zafin zai iya kara hadarin mutuwa a biranen arewacin kasar fiye da yankunan kudanci. Gabaɗaya, mutane a Amurka suna nuna cewa suna daidaitawa da yanayin zafi mai zafi a arewacin kowane shekaru goma. Wannan na iya zama saboda ingantaccen ababen more rayuwa, ƙirar gine-gine na zamani da kuma ingantaccen wayar da kan jama'a.[10]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kwanakin kare
- Ruwa mai sanyi
- Jerin raƙuman zafi
- Jerin abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani
- Tsibirin zafi na birni
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Robinson, Peter J (2001). "On the Definition of a Heat Wave". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 40 (4): 762–775. Bibcode:2001JApMe..40..762R. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ J. "NWS JetStream - Heat Index". Weather.gov. NOAA; US Department of Commerce. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ↑ Bottollier-Depois, Amélie (15 June 2022). "Deadly heatwaves threaten economies too". Phys.org. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ↑ García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (2021). "Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe". Nature Communications. 12 (1). Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5807G. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 8490455 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34608159 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Ding Rui (7 November 2024). "Heat Wave-Related Deaths Soared in China in 2023, Report Finds". Sixth Tone.
- ↑ Miller, Brandon; Waldrop, Theresa (16 August 2022). "An 'extreme heat belt' will impact over 100 million Americans in the next 30 years, study finds". CNN. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ↑ "Hot Weather Tips and the Chicago Heat Plan". About.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2006.
- ↑ Basu, Rupa; Jonathan M. Samet (2002). "Relation between Elevated Ambient Temperature and Mortality: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence". Epidemiologic Reviews. 24 (2): 190–202. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxf007. PMID 12762092.
- ↑ Dematte, Jane E.; O'Mara, Karen; Buescher, Jennifer; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Forsythe, Sean; McNamee, Turi; Adiga, Raghavendra B.; Ndukwu, I. Maurice (1998). "Near-Fatal Heat Stroke during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago". Annals of Internal Medicine. 129 (3): 173–181. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00001. PMID 9696724.
- ↑ Davis, Robert E.; Knappenberger, Paul C.; Michaels, Patrick J.; Novicoff, Wendy M. (2003). "Changing heat-related mortality in the United States". Environmental Health Perspectives. 111 (14): 1712–1718. Bibcode:2003EnvHP.111.1712D. doi:10.1289/ehp.6336. PMC 1241712. PMID 14594620.