Gundumar Firayim Minista ta Italiya
 Gundumar Firayim Minista ta Italiya | |
|---|---|
praetorian prefecture (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
praetorian prefecture (en) |
| Yaren hukuma | Harshen Latin |
| Ƙasa |
Romawa na Da, Western Roman Empire (en) da Daular Rumawa |
| Babban birni |
Ravenna (en) |
| Wanda ya biyo bayanshi |
Exarchate of Ravenna (en) |
| Wanda yake bi | daular Italiya |
| Harshen da aka yi amfani da shi |
Vulgar Latin (en) |
| Zangon lokaci | Daular Rumawa |
Firamaretoriyar Praetorian na Italiya a cikakken sunansa (har zuwa 356) praefectura praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae) daya ce daga cikin firamaretoriyoyi huɗu na praetorian da Daular Roma ta raba kanta zuwa gare su tun farkon ƙarni na 4. Ya ƙunshi tsibirin Italiya, yammacin yankin Balkans, ƙananan yankunan Danube na sama da kuma wasu sassa na Arewacin Afirka. Hedikwatar firamaretoriyar ta canza daga Roma zuwa Milan, sannan daga ƙarshe zuwa Ravenna. Ta wanzu a lokacin ƙarshen Daular Roma, kuma tana daga cikin sassan Daular Roma ta Yamma. Firamaretoriyar ta ci gaba da aiki a mulkin Odoacer da kuma masarautar Ostrogothic, daga baya kuma a cikin Daular Byzantine, har zuwa shekarar 584, lokacin da aka sake tsara ta zuwa Exarchate na Ravenna.[1][2]
Tunda yawancin kalmomin Latin da laƙabi suna da kwatankwacinsu na Girkanci, prefect na Italiya galibi ana yi masa lakabi da praetorian eparch na Italiya ( Greek ), kuma ita kanta lardin praetorian an nada shi azaman eparchy na farko ( Greek ).
Tsarin da tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin shekara ta 347, an kafa prefecture na Illyricum, wanda ya ƙunshi dioceses na Pannonia, Dacia da Makidoniya. Vulcacius Rufinus shi ne prefect, 347-352. Julian ya soke sabon gundumar a cikin 361 kuma Gratian ya sake kafa shi a cikin 375. An yi hamayya da yankinta tsakanin rabi biyu na Daular, har zuwa rabuwa ta ƙarshe a cikin 395, lokacin da aka raba Diocese na Pannonia daga Illyricum kuma ya shiga Daular Yamma da kuma prefecture na Italiya a matsayin Diocese of Illyricus .
Duk da ƙarshen Daular Yamma a cikin 476, jihohin da suka gaji Jamusanci a ƙarƙashin Odoacer da Theodoric sun ci gaba da amfani da kayan aikin gudanarwa na Roma, tare da kasancewa talakawan da ake kira na sarki na Gabas a Constantinople. Prefecture ta tsira, amma tare da rage ikon yanki, an tsare shi a yankuna a ƙarƙashin mulkin Odoacer ko Ostrogothic.
A lokacin Gothic War (535-554), duk Italiya ta kasance ƙarƙashin Mulkin Byzantine, kuma Prefecture na Praetorian na Italiya ya ci gaba da wanzuwa, yana tsakiyar Ravenna, kuma ya kasu kashi zuwa larduna. Koyaya, tare da mamayewar Lombard a cikin 568, mulkin Byzantine ya ragu zuwa yankuna masu rarrabewa da ƙaruwa. Da yake amsawa ga wannan, an haɗa sauran yankuna zuwa yankuna da yawa, ko eparchies a cikin 580 (Aemilia, Annonaria, Calabria, Campania, Urbicaria), amma tun daga shekara ta 584 an sake tsara dukkan tsarin gudanarwa a cikin Exarchate na Italiya, wanda kuma ke tsakiyar Ravenna, kuma jagorancin wani masarautar Italiya, wacce ta kasance farar hula da soja gwamnan Byzantine Italiya.
A cikin sabuwar tsohuwar tsohuwar tsoffin tsoffin tsohuwar tsohuwa, duk da haka ana ci gaba da tabbatar da su, a matsayin shugabannin reshen farar hula na gwamnati, har zuwa karni na 7. Ɗaya daga cikin masu riƙe da tabbaci na ƙarshe ya faru a cikin 639, kuma wasu hatimi da ke ɗauke da taken eparchos ("prefect" a cikin Girkanci) sun tsira daga ƙarshen karni na 7, kodayake an ba da shawarar cewa ba daidai ba ne ga exarch ("exarch"). [3]
Jerin sanannun praefecti praetorio Italiae da Africae
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Aemilianus (328)
- Lucius Papius Pacatianus (334-335)
- Aconius Catullinus Philomathius (341)
- Marcus Maecius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus (342-344)
- Vulcacius Rufinus (lokaci na farko, 344-347)
- Gaius Ceionius Rufius Volusianus Lampadius (355)
- Taurus (356-361)
- Claudius Mamertinus (361-365)
- Vulcacius Rufinus (lokaci na biyu, 365-368)
- Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus (lokaci na farko, c. 368-375)
- Decimius Hilarianus Hesperius (378-380)
- Afranius Syagrius (382)
- Flavius Hypatius (382-383)
- Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus (lokaci na biyu, 383)
- Nonius Atticus (383-384)
- Vettius Agorius Praetextatus (384)
- Neoterius (385)
- Sextus Claudius Petronius Probus (lokaci na uku, 387)
- Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (390-392)
Daular Yamma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Nummius Aemilianus Dexter (395)
- Eusebius (395-396)
- Mallius Theodorus (397-399)
- Valerius Messala Avienus (399-400)
- Rufus Synesius Hadrianus (400-405)
- Flavius Macrobius Longinianus (lokaci na farko, 406)
- Curtius (407-408)
- Flavius Macrobius Longinianus (lokaci na biyu, 408)
- Mallius Theodorus (408-409)
- Caecilianus (409)
- Jovius (409)
- Melitius (410-412)
- Seleucus (mai kula da Afirka, 412)
- Ioannes (412-413)
- Rufus Synesius Hadrianus (413-414)
- Seleucus (414-415)
- Junius Quartus Palladius (416-421)
- Anicius Auchenius Bassus (watakila, 426)
- Anicius Auchenius Bassus (435)
- Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus (c. 438)
- Petronius Maximus (439)
- Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus (443-448)
- Caecina Decius Basilius (458)
- Caelius Aconius Probianus (461-463)
- Caecina Decius Basilius (463-465)
- Felix Himelco (473)
Mulkin Jamus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A karkashin Odoacer:
- Nar. Manlius Boethius (tsakanin 480 da 486) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 487)
- Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius (483) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 480)
- Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius (486-493) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 486)
A karkashin Ostrogoths:
- Liberius (494-500)
- Flavius Albinus (?500-503) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 493)
- Cassiodorus the Elder (500-?)
- Anicius Probus Faustus iunior (509-512) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 490)
- Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus (527-528) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 502)
- Faustus (521/522) ko 529
- Cassiodorus the Younger (533-537) (ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin 514)
- Fidelis (537-538)
- Reparatus (538-539)
Mulkin Romawa na Gabas
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Athanasius (539-542)
- Maximinus (c. 542)
- Narses (554-568)
- Longinus (568-575)