Gurɓata iska a Koriya ta Kudu
Rashin gurɓata iska a Koriya ta Kudu yana ƙara barazana ga mutane da muhalli. Rashin gurɓata iska ya fito ne daga tushe da yawa, na cikin gida da na duniya. Hanyoyi da yawa na gurɓata sun karu a Koriya ta Kudu tun lokacin da ta zama Masana'antu da sauri, musamman a Seoul da sauran biranen. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama da Sararin samaniya ta Amurka (NASA), Seoul tana ɗaya daga cikin biranen duniya da ke da mafi munin gurɓataccen iska. Daga shekara ta 2009 zuwa shekara ta 2013, matsakaicin PM10 na birnin ya fi girma fiye da yawancin manyan biranen duniya kamar: Los Angeles, Tokyo, Paris, da London. Wannan ya haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da muhalli. Koriya suna sayen abin rufe fuska da masu tsabtace iska don numfasawa iska mai tsabta, kuma suna aiki don rage hayaki na ƙasar.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Koriya ta Kudu tana da mafi munin ingancin iska daga cikin kasashe 3 mafi arziki a duniya waɗanda ke cikin OECD. Dangane da Rahoton Ingancin Air na Duniya na AirVisual na shekarar 2019, matsakaicin ƙurar Koriya ta Kudu na shekara-shekara a cikin 2018 ya kasance 24.9μg / m3, wanda shine mafi muni tsakanin ƙasashen membobin OECD.[1]
Gurɓata a Koriya ta Kudu ya karu bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II.[2] A cikin 1960, Koriya ƙasa ce mai tasowa tare da ƙaramin masana'antu kuma tana dogara sosai da taimakon ƙasashen waje. Al'ummar Koriya ta Kudu sun fara babban canji daga tattalin aikin gona zuwa tattalin arzikin masana'antu, wanda kawai ya hanzarta ta hanyar Yaƙin Koriya. Bayan yakin, Amurka ta ba da taimako mai mahimmanci ga Koriya ta Kudu a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hukumar sake ginawa ta Koriya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNKRA). [3] Da zarar sabuwar ƙasa ce ta masana'antu, tattalin arzikin Koriya ta Kudu ya karu da kashi 10% a kowace shekara ta cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990. A yau, Koriya ta Kudu ita ce masana'antu da fitar da wutar lantarki, tun daga shekarar 2015 ita ce ta 11 mafi girma a duniya, [2] amma wannan ya haifar da samar da wutar lantarki da ke amfani da kwal da kuma hayakin mota. [4]
Daga 2014 zuwa 2016 an yanke dala miliyan 1,139 a masana'antar kula da gurɓata iska ta Koriya ta Kudu. Koyaya, tun daga wannan lokacin, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Koriya ta tsara gurɓataccen iska 11 da wasu abubuwa 32 na iska waɗanda aka rarraba su a matsayin masu haɗari. Koriya kuma tana shirin rufe 10 daga cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki na 61 da ke aiki nan da shekara ta 2025.[5]
Tare da wannan saurin ci gaba Koriya ta Kudu kanta ta zama babbar hanyar gurɓata iska a cikin ƙasar, gami da daga motocin diesel, kayan aikin gini, dumama da sanyaya iska, da tashoshin wutar lantarki.[6]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]China
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nazarin da yawa ya nuna cewa mafi yawan gurɓataccen Koriya ta Kudu ya fito ne daga China saboda yaduwar ƙura mai kyau da masana'antun kasar Sin da tashoshin wutar lantarki suka samar.[7] Kasar Sin tana haifar da kashi 30 zuwa 50 cikin 100 na PM<sub id="mwag">2.5</sub> a Koriya ta Kudu a kwanakin matsakaicin ingancin iska, amma kashi 60 zuwa 80 cikin 100 a kwanakin da ke da mafi munin ingancin iska.[8]
Ana zargi kasar Sin musamman lokacin da iska mai saurin iska a cikin watanni masu sanyi ke haifar da yanayin smog.[9] Koyaya, masana da yawa sun ce dogaro mai yawa na Koriya akan tashoshin wutar lantarki da man fetur ma babban bangare ne na matsalar.[10] Kyakkyawan ƙura daga China tare da gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida suna ba da gudummawa ga karuwar gurɓata iska a cikin iska ta Koriya.[11] Ayyukan tattalin arziki na kasar Sin sun ba su damar ƙone matsakaicin tan biliyan 4 na kwal a kowace shekara, wanda hakan ya ba da gudummawa har zuwa kashi 50% na ƙwayoyin PM2.5 na Koriya. Wannan ya fi muni tare da jinkirin iska a cikin watanni masu sanyi, Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Kasa ta ce a cikin wani rahoto a cikin 2016. [12] A cikin watanni masu sanyi, jita-jita da korafe-korafe game da kasar Sin suna girma. Mutane da yawa a Koriya ta Kudu suna fama da matsalar hankali kuma suna cikin haɗarin matsalolin numfashi saboda ƙurar da ke hurawa cikin Koriya ta Koriya ta Tsakiya daga hamadar yammacin China. Jirgin jigilar abubuwa masu cutarwa daga kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin, musamman Shanghai an gano shi ne mai laifi.[13] Ana sa ran wannan kididdigar za ta kara muni tare da hasashen karuwar yawan tashoshin wutar lantarki na kasar Sin da ke amfani da kwal.[14]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Kim, Moon Joon (2019). "The Effects of Transboundary Air Pollution From China on Ambient Air Quality in South Korea". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3361486. ISSN 1556-5068.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "South Korea: Environmental Issues, Policies and Clean Technology". AZoCleantech.com. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ↑ Armstrong, Charles (2009). "The Destruction and Reconstruction of North Korea, 1950 - 1960".
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ Lee, Jinjoo (5 December 2023). "South Korea- Commercial Guide".
- ↑ Ministry of Environment (December 2016). "Air Quality Measures South Korea" (PDF). Ministry of Environment.
- ↑ Lee, Wooyoung (27 November 2018). "South Korea smothered in Chinese air pollution".
- ↑ "What are the main causes of air pollution in South Korea?". Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ↑ Lee, Wooyoung (27 November 2018). "South Korea smothered in Chinese air pollution".
- ↑ Kirk, Donald. "Chinese Yellow Dust Or Korean Factory Fumes? NASA Teams Cruise For Clues". Forbes. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ↑ Fifield, Anna. "Smog becomes a political issue in South Korean election". Washingtonpost. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ Ministry of Environment (December 2016). "Air Quality Measures South Korea" (PDF). Ministry of Environment.
- ↑ Kim, Moon Joon (1 December 2019). "The effects of transboundary air pollution from China on ambient air quality in South Korea". Heliyon (in Turanci). 5 (12): e02953. Bibcode:2019Heliy...502953K. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02953. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 6926254. PMID 31890944.
- ↑ "Climate Central: A Science & News Organization". www.climatecentral.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 24 November 2020.