Gurbacewar tafkin Karachay

Bayanan tauraron dan adam na Tafkin Karachay.

Tafkin Karachay ƙaramin tafkin halitta ne a tsakiyar Rasha. An fi saninta da yin amfani da ita a matsayin wurin jibgewa daga dakin gwaje-gwajen makaman nukiliya na Mayak na Tarayyar Soviet da masana'antar sarrafa man fetur. Hatsari da bala'o'i da dama a cibiyar Mayak sun gurɓata yawancin yankunan da ke kewaye da sharar rediyo. A cikin 1960s, tafkin ya fara bushewa kuma yankinsa ya ragu daga 0.5km2 a 1951. zuwa 0.15 km2 a ƙarshen 1993. A cikin 1968, bayan fari a yankin, iska ta ɗauki 185 PBq (5 Mci) na ƙurar rediyo daga busasshiyar gadon tafkin, wanda ya hasarar mutane rabin miliyan. An bayyana tafkin Karachay a matsayin "mafi gurbacewar wuri a duniya" ta Cibiyar Worldwatch.

Tarihi

An gina shi a karshen shekarun 1940, Mayak ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun masana'antun makaman nukiliya na kasar Rasha. Gwamnati ta kasance cikin sirrin masana'antar har zuwa 1990. Lokacin da shugaban Rasha Boris Yeltsin ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka ta 1992 ta bude yankin, masana kimiyya na Yamma sun sami damar shiga. An yi kiyasin ɓarkewar gadon tafkin zai ƙunshi kusan gabaɗaya na babban adadin sharar radiyo zuwa zurfin kusan ƙafa 11 (3.4 m).

A shekara ta 1994, wani rahoto ya bayyana cewa mita miliyan 5 na gurɓataccen ruwa sun yi ƙaura daga Tafkin Karachay, kuma suna yaduwa zuwa kudu da arewa a mita 80 a kowace shekara, "yana barazanar shiga ruwa da koguna". Marubutan sun yarda cewa "haɗarin ka'idoji sun zama ainihin abubuwan da suka faru".

A watan Nuwamba 1994, jami'ai daga Ma'aikatar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Rasha sun bayyana cewa jami'an Tarayyar Soviet sun fara aiwatar da wani tsari bayan bala'in Kyshtym na 1957 wanda ya haifar da jigilar dala biliyan 3 na manyan sharar nukiliya a cikin rijiyoyi masu zurfi a wasu wurare uku.

Bayan fari ya sa matakan ruwa ya sauka, yana nuna gurbataccen laka, wanda iska ta hura, ya kara gurbata yankunan da ke kewaye da shi, an yanke shawarar cika tafkin gaba ɗaya. Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016, matsayin tafkin ya cika gaba ɗaya, ta amfani da tubalan kankare na musamman, dutse, da datti. An cika shi gaba ɗaya a watan Nuwamba 2015, sannan aka saka idanu kafin a sanya layin ƙarshe na dutse da datti. Bayanan saka idanu sun nuna "ragewar raguwar radionuclides a farfajiyar" bayan watanni 10. Ana sa ran za a aiwatar da shirin saka idanu na tsawon shekaru da yawa don ruwan karkashin kasa jim kadan bayan haka.

Kogin Techa, wanda ke ba da ruwa ga yankunan da ke kusa, ya gurɓata, kuma kusan kashi 65% na mazauna yankin sun kamu da rashin lafiya ta radiation. Likitoci sun kira ta da "cuta ta musamman" saboda ba a ba su damar lura da radiation a cikin binciken da suka yi ba muddin wurin na sirri ne. A cikin kauyen Metlino, an gano cewa kashi 65 cikin 100 na mazauna wurin suna fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Ma’aikatan kamfanin plutonium suma abin ya shafa.

Dalilan da suka haifar

Rashin gurɓataccen Tafkin Karachay yana da alaƙa da zubar da kayan nukiliya daga Mayak. Daga cikin ma'aikata, mutuwar ciwon daji ya kasance matsala. Ta hanyar wani kimantawa, kogin Techa ya ƙunshi curies miliyan 120 na sharar gida.

Yaduwar gurɓataccen yanayi

Sharar nukiliya, ko dai daga ayyukan nukiliya na farar hula ko na soja, ya kasance babbar barazana ga muhalli na Rasha. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa akwai alamun hanya kaɗan ko babu alamun gargadi game da wuraren da aka gurɓata da ke kewaye da Tafkin Karachay. Wannan ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar mummunar martani ga hadarin nukiliya na sama.

Dubi kuma

• Tafkin Karachay
• Rashin gurɓata ruwa
• Plutopia
• Ozyorsk, yankin Chelyabinsk
• Gidan gwajin Semipalatinsk
• Shirin bam din nukiliya na Soviet

Haɗin waje

• Tafkin Karachay

55°40′38.8″N 60°47′56.5″E