HMS Terror (1813)
 HMS Terror | |
|---|---|
bomb vessel (en)  da shipwreck (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Vessel class (en) | Vesuvius-class bomb vessel (en) |
| Name (en) | HMS Terror |
| Rikici | Yakin 1812 |
| Located in protected area (en) | wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror (en) |
| Ƙasa da aka fara | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Ma'aikaci | Royal Navy (mul) |
| Manufacturer (en) | Robert Davy (en) |
| Location of creation (en) | Topsham (en) |
| Armament (en) | mortar (en) da mortar (en) |
| Powered by (en) | sailing (en) da steam engine (en) |
| Service entry (en) | 31 ga Yuli, 1813 |
| Service retirement (en) | 22 ga Afirilu, 1848 |
| Described at URL (en) | wrecksite.eu… da ageofnelson.org… |
HMS Terror wani jirgin ruwan yaƙi ne na musamman kuma sabon jirgin ruwan bam da aka gina wa Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal a shekarar 1813. Ta halarci yaƙe-yaƙe da dama na Yaƙin 1812, ciki har da Yaƙin Baltimore tare da bama-bamai a Fort McHenry . An mayar da ita jirgin bincike na yankuna masu nisa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, kuma ta shiga cikin balaguron Arctic na George Back daga 1836–1837, nasarar balaguron Ross zuwa Antarctic daga 1839 zuwa 1843, da kuma mummunan yunƙurin Sir John Franklin na tilasta wa Northwest Passage a 1845, a lokacin da ta ɓace da dukkan hannunta tare da HMS Erebus .
A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2016, Gidauniyar Bincike ta Arctic ta sanar da cewa an gano tarkacen Terror a Tekun Terror na Nunavut, kusa da gabar kudu maso yammacin Tsibirin King William . An gano tarkacen 92 km (57 mi) kudu da wurin da aka ruwaito cewa jirgin ya yi watsi da shi, kuma kimanin 31 mi (50 km) daga tarkacen jirgin HMS Erebus, wanda aka gano a watan Satumbar 2014.
Tarihin farko da kuma aikin soja
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]HMS Terror jirgin ruwan bam ne VesuviusVesuvius wanda aka gina tsawon shekaru biyu a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Davy da ke Topsham a kudancin Devon, don rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy. Jirgin ruwan nata ya kai 31 m (102 ft)Tsawonsa ya , kuma jirgin ya auna nauyin tan 325. Jirgin yana ɗauke da manyan tankuna biyu da manyan bindigogi goma, kuma an harba shi a watan Yunin 1813. [1]
Ta'addanci ya yi aiki a Yaƙin 1812 a kan Amurka, [2] a lokacin da jiragen ruwan Arewacin Amurka da Tashar Yammacin Indies ta Royal Navy suka toshe tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Atlantic na Amurka kuma suka ƙaddamar da hare-hare masu ƙarfi daga sansaninsu da ke Bermuda, wanda ya kai ga yaƙin Chesapeake na 1814, wani balaguron hukunci wanda ya haɗa da Harin Alexandria, Yaƙin Bladensburg, da Konewar Washington . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin John Sheridan, ta shiga cikin harin bam na Stonington, Connecticut, a ranar 9-12 ga Agusta 1814. Ta kuma yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Baltimore a watan Satumba 1814 kuma ta shiga cikin harin bam na Fort McHenry ; harin na ƙarshe ya zaburar da Francis Scott Key don rubuta waƙar da daga ƙarshe ta zama sananne a matsayin " Banner-The Star-Spangled ". [2] A watan Janairu 1815, har yanzu tana ƙarƙashin umarnin Sheridan, Terror ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Fort Peter da harin da aka kai wa St. Marys, Georgia .
Bayan yaƙin, an ajiye Terror har zuwa Maris 1828, lokacin da aka sake tura ta aiki a Tekun Bahar Rum . An kore ta daga aikinta lokacin da aka gyara mata barnar da ta yi kusa da Lisbon, Portugal .
Sabis na binciken yankin polar na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A tsakiyar shekarun 1830, an sake gyara Terror a matsayin jirgin binciken sararin samaniya . Tsarinta a matsayin jirgin ruwan bam yana nufin tana da tsari mai ƙarfi wanda ba a saba gani ba don tsayayya da koma bayan manyan turmi nata; don haka ana tsammanin za ta iya jure matsin lambar kankara ta teku . [1]
Tafiya ta baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
A shekara ta 1836, an bai wa Kyaftin George Back umarnin Terror don yin balaguron Arctic zuwa Hudson Bay . [1] [2] Tawagar ta yi niyyar shiga Repulse Bay, inda za ta aika da masu sauka don su tabbatar ko yankin Boothia tsibiri ne ko kuma yankin da ke da iyaka. Tsoro ya makale a kusa da Tsibirin Southampton, kuma bai isa Repulse Bay ba. A wani lokaci, ƙanƙara ta tilasta mata 12 m (39 ft) a saman wani dutse. [3] Ta makale a cikin kankara tsawon watanni goma. [2] A lokacin bazara na 1837, wata haduwa da wani dutsen kankara ta kara lalata jirgin. Ta kusa nutsewa a tafiyarta ta dawowa ta ketare Tekun Atlantika, [2] kuma tana cikin yanayin nitsewa kafin Back ta kai ta Lough Swilly, kafin ta yi mata rairayin bakin teku a Rathmullan, Co. Donegal, Ireland a ranar 21 ga Satumba. [4]
Admiralty ya aika da mawallafin jirgin ruwa, William McPherson Rice, don ya sake yin iyo da kuma gyara Terror yadda ya kamata don ya ba ta damar yin tafiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da ke Chatham a Kent, inda aka yi cikakken gyara. Wasiku da ke bayyana gyare-gyaren da kuma zaman ma'aikatan jirgin a Rathmullan an gudanar da su a cikin tarin Royal Museums Greenwich . [5] Daga baya Back ya buga cikakken labarin wannan tafiya har zuwa lokacin da aka dakatar da Terror a Chatham.
Tafiyar Ross
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A shekara ta 1839, an tura Terror zuwa Antarctic tare da Erebus a ƙarƙashin jagorancin James Clark Ross . [1] [2] Francis Crozier shine kwamandan Terror a wannan balaguron, kuma shine mataimakin Ross. [1] Balaguron ya ɗauki yanayi uku daga 1840 zuwa 1843, inda Terror da Erebus suka yi yawo sau uku a cikin ruwan Antarctic, suka ratsa Tekun Ross sau biyu, sannan suka yi tafiya ta Tekun Weddell a kudu maso gabashin Tsibirin Falkland . An sanya wa jirgin ruwan dutsen mai aman wuta mai suna Mount Terror da ya ɓace a Tsibirin Ross suna bayan jirgin da kwamandan balaguron ya yi. [1]
Tafiyar Franklin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kafin su tashi daga tafiyar Franklin, Erebus da Terror sun fuskanci manyan gyare-gyare a tafiyar. [2] An sanya musu injunan tururi, waɗanda suka ƙunshi tsoffin jiragen ruwa na jirgin ƙasa na London da Greenwich . An ƙididdige su zuwa 25 hp (19 kW) , kowannensu zai iya tura jirginsa zuwa 4 kn (7.4 km/h) . Jiragen ruwan biyu suna cikin jiragen ruwa na farko na Royal Navy da ke da injunan da ke amfani da tururi da kuma propellers. [2] An ɗauki kwal na kwanaki goma sha biyu. [6] An ƙara murfin ƙarfe a gaba da baya a kan ƙwanƙolin jiragen don ya sa su fi jure wa kankara, kuma an haɗa su da katako don rarraba ƙarfin tasiri. [2] Tare da Erebus, Terror ta cika da kayayyaki don balaguron su, waɗanda suka haɗa da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tan biyu na taba, gwangwani 8,000 na kayan adanawa, da 7,560 L (1,660 imp gal; 2,000 US gal) na giya. ' Terror yana da littattafai 1,200, kuma ana dumama wurin ajiye jiragen ruwa ta hanyar bututun da ke haɗa su da murhu. [2]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "HMS Terror". Parks Canada. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pope, Alexandra (12 September 2016). "Five interesting facts about the HMS Terror" (in Turanci). Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 14 September 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "sode". - ↑ Stanley (28 September 1837). "Sketched chart of Rathmullan Beach, with the position of HMS TERROR indicated, made by Lieutenant Stanley, 1837. (RCE/2/2)".
- ↑ Rice, William. "Items relating to the temporary repair of the Arctic discovery vessel HMS TERROR (1813) at Lough Swilly in 1837. (RCE/2/1-2)".
- ↑ Gow, Harry (12 February 2015). "British loco boiler at the bottom of the Arctic Ocean". Heritage Railway. Horncastle: Mortons Media Group Ltd (199): 84. ISSN 1466-3562.