Haɗin ƙarfe
 Haɗin ƙarfe |
|---|
Haɗin ƙarfe shine ƙaddamar da mahaɗan da ke ɗauke da ƙarfe da gangan (kamar sulfate baƙin ƙarfe) zuwa wuraren da ba su da ƙarfin ƙarfe na saman teku don tada samar da phytoplankton. Wannan an yi niyya don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta da/ko hanzarta rarrabuwar carbon dioxide (CO2) daga sararin samaniya. Iron sinadari ne da ake buƙata don photosynthesis a cikin tsirrai. Yana da matuƙar rashin narkewa a cikin ruwan teku kuma a wurare daban-daban shine ƙayyadaddun abubuwan gina jiki don haɓakar phytoplankton. Ana iya ƙirƙirar manyan furannin algal ta hanyar samar da ƙarfe ga ruwan tekun da ba su da ƙarfe. Wadannan furanni suna iya ciyar da wasu kwayoyin halitta.
Haɗin baƙin ƙarfe na teku misali ne na fasaha na injiniyan ƙasa. Haɗin ƙarfe yana ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa haɓakar phytoplankton, wanda ke kawar da carbon daga yanayin aƙalla na ɗan lokaci.[1] Wannan dabarar tana da rigima saboda akwai ƙarancin fahimtar cikakken tasirinta akan yanayin yanayin ruwa, gami da illa da yuwuwar manyan ɓata daga halayen da ake tsammani. Irin waɗannan tasirin na iya haɗawa da sakin nitrogen oxides, da rushewar ma'aunin abinci na teku. Takaddama ta ci gaba da wanzuwa kan tasirin yanayin CO
2 sequestration da muhalli tasirin.
Tun daga 1990, an gudanar da manyan gwaje-gwaje 13 masu girma don kimanta inganci da yiwuwar sakamakon hakin ƙarfe a cikin ruwan teku. Wani bincike a cikin 2017 yayi la'akari da cewa hanyar ba ta da tabbas; Ayyukan sequestering ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma wani lokacin ba a ga wani tasiri ba kuma adadin baƙin ƙarfe da ake buƙata don yin ɗan yanke a cikin iskar carbon zai kasance a cikin tan miliyan a kowace shekara.[8]. Tun daga 2021, ana sabunta sha'awa a cikin yuwuwar hadi na ƙarfe, a tsakanin sauran daga binciken farar takarda na NOAA, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Ruwa ta Amurka, wacce ta ƙididdige hadi na ƙarfe a matsayin yana da "madaidaicin yuwuwar farashi, haɓakawa da tsawon lokacin da za a adana carbon idan aka kwatanta da sauran ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyin teku"
Kusan kashi 25 cikin 100 na saman tekun suna da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta (kamar yadda chlorophyll ya bayyana). Abubuwan da ake samarwa a cikin waɗannan ruwayen masu ƙarancin chlorophyll (HNLC) suna da iyakancewa da farko ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman baƙin ƙarfe. Kudin rarraba baƙin ƙarfe a kan manyan wuraren teku yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar da ake tsammani na kiredit na carbon. Bincike a farkon 2020s ya nuna cewa zai iya sarrafa ɗan ƙaramin carbon ne kawai.[2]
Tsari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsayin ƙarfe a cikin sarrafa carbon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iron wani sinadari ne a cikin teku kuma kasancewarsa yana da mahimmanci ga photosynthesis a cikin tsirrai kamar phytoplankton. Don haka, ƙara baƙin ƙarfe zuwa wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi yana inganta haɓakar phytoplankton. Don haka, "hasashen ƙarfe" Martin ya gabatar da shi a ƙarshen 1980s inda ya ba da shawarar cewa canje-canje a cikin samar da ƙarfe a cikin ruwan teku mai ƙarancin ƙarfe na iya haɓaka haɓakar plankton kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tattarawar iskar carbon dioxide ta yanayi ta hanyar canza canjin iskar carbon. Haihuwa wani muhimmin tsari ne da ke faruwa a zahiri a cikin ruwan teku. Alal misali, hawan igiyar ruwa na teku na iya kawo ɗigon abinci mai gina jiki a saman.
Wani misali kuma shi ne ta hanyar isar da ma'adanai masu arzikin ƙarfe, ƙura, da toka mai aman wuta a nesa mai nisa ta koguna, dusar ƙanƙara, ko iska. An ba da shawarar cewa whales na iya tura kurar teku mai arzikin ƙarfe zuwa saman, inda planktons za su iya ɗauka don girma. An nuna cewa raguwar adadin whales na maniyyi a cikin Kudancin teku ya haifar da raguwar ton 200,000 a kowace shekara a cikin iskar carbon a cikin yanayi, mai yiwuwa saboda ƙarancin girma na phytoplankton.[3]
Rarraba carbon ta hanyar phytoplankton
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Iron wani sinadari ne a cikin teku kuma kasancewarsa yana da mahimmanci ga photosynthesis a cikin tsirrai kamar phytoplankton. Don haka, ƙara baƙin ƙarfe zuwa wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi yana inganta haɓakar phytoplankton. Don haka, "hasashen ƙarfe" Martin ya gabatar da shi a ƙarshen 1980s inda ya ba da shawarar cewa canje-canje a cikin samar da ƙarfe a cikin ruwan teku mai ƙarancin ƙarfe na iya haɓaka haɓakar plankton kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tattarawar iskar carbon dioxide ta yanayi ta hanyar canza canjin iskar carbon. Haihuwa wani muhimmin tsari ne da ke faruwa a zahiri a cikin ruwan teku. Alal misali, hawan igiyar ruwa na teku na iya kawo ɗigon abinci mai gina jiki a saman.[4]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Traufetter, Gerald (January 2, 2009). "Cold Carbon Sink: Slowing Global Warming with Antarctic Iron". Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2010
- ↑ Cloud spraying and hurricane slaying: how ocean geoengineering became the frontier of the climate crisis". The Guardian. 2021-06-23. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ↑ Lavery, Trish J.; Roudnew, Ben; Gill, Peter; Seymour, Justin; Seuront, Laurent; Johnson, Genevieve; Mitchell, James G.; Smetacek, Victor (2010-11-22). "Iron defecation by sperm whales stimulates carbon export in the Southern Ocean". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1699): 3527–3531. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0863. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 2982231. PMID 20554546
- ↑ Robinson, J.; Popova, E. E.; Yool, A.; Srokosz, M.; Lampitt, R. S.; Blundell, J. R. (2014-04-11). "How deep is deep enough? Ocean iron fertilization and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 41 (7): 2489–2495. Bibcode:2014GeoRL..41.2489R. doi:10.1002/2013gl058799. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 53389222.