Haɗin kan Sinawa

Haɗin kan Sinawa
proposed state merger (en) , political ideology (en) da monad (en)
Bayanai
Farawa	1970s
Fuskar	cross-strait relations (en) , propaganda in the People's Republic of China (en) , Chinese information operations and information warfare (en) da Greater China (en)

   Haɗa kan ƙasar Sin, wanda kuma aka sani da haɗin kan yankin Cross-Strait ko sake haɗa kan ƙasar Sin, yana iya zama haɗin kan yankunan da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ("China" ko "Babban yankin China") da Jamhuriyar China ("Taiwan") ke iko da su a halin yanzu, ko kuma suke da'awar cewa za su kasance ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya ta siyasa ɗaya, wataƙila kafa haɗin kan siyasa tsakanin jamhuriyoyin biyu. Tare da cikakken 'yancin kai na Taiwan, haɗin kan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan shawarwari don magance tambayoyi kan matsayin siyasa na Taiwan, wanda shine babban abin da dangantakar Cross-Strait ke mayar da hankali a kai.

Tarihi

A shekara ta 1895, daular Qing ta Manchu ta kasar Sin ta yi rashin nasara a yakin Sino da Japan na farko, inda aka tilastawa mika Taiwan da Penghu ga daular Japan bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Shimonoseki.  A shekara ta 1912, an hambarar da daular Qing, kuma Jamhuriyar Sin (ROC) ta gaje shi.  Bisa ka'idar maye gurbin kasashe, ROC da farko ta yi ikirarin cewa daukacin yankin daular Qing ne a lokacin rugujewarta, sai dai Taiwan, wadda ROC ta amince da ita a matsayin mallakar daular Japan a lokacin.  ROC ta yi nasarar samun karbuwa sosai a matsayin halastacciyar jihar da za ta gaji daular Qing a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan faduwar daular Qing.> 

A cikin shekara ta 1945, ROC ta yi nasara a yakin Sino-Japan na biyu, wanda ya hada da yakin duniya na biyu, kuma ya karbi ikon Taiwan a madadin kasashen kawance, bayan da Japanawa suka mika wuya.  Nan da nan ROC ta tabbatar da da'awar ta ga Taiwan a matsayin "Lardin Taiwan, Jamhuriyar Sin", bisa la'akari da sanarwar Potsdam da kuma sanarwar Alkahira.  A daidai wannan lokaci, ROC ta soke yarjejeniyar Shimonoseki, inda ta bayyana ta a matsayin daya daga cikin "yarjejeniyoyin da ba su dace ba" da aka sanya wa kasar Sin a lokacin abin da ake kira "karni na wulakanci".  A lokacin, Kuomintang (KMT) ita ce jam'iyya mai mulki ta ROC, kuma an amince da ita a matsayin halaltacciyar wakiliyarta, musamman saboda hadin gwiwar shugabanta Chiang Kai-shek da kasashen kawance.

Duk da haka, a cikin yawancin mulkin ROC, kasar Sin ta rabu cikin gida a lokacin da ake kira zamanin Warlord.  Bisa labarin da aka yi na gama-gari, an raba ROC zuwa wasu gungu-gungu na mulki daban-daban da kuma jahohin ‘yan aware, wadanda ke ci gaba da fafutuka a kai a kai sakamakon rashin iko da aka samu bayan kifar da daular Qing.  A cikin wannan lokaci, a ƙarshe ƙungiyõyin mulki guda biyu sun fito a saman;  na KMT, da Amurka ke marawa baya, da na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta China (CCP), wacce Tarayyar Soviet ke marawa baya.  Fadan mulki tsakanin wadannan musamman jam'iyyun siyasa guda biyu an san shi da yakin basasar kasar Sin.  An yi yakin basasa na kasar Sin kai-tsaye a tsawon tarihin ROC;  Yaƙin Sino-Japan na biyu ya katse shi.

Bayan kammala yakin Sino-Japan na biyu, yakin basasar kasar Sin ya sake komawa, kuma cikin sauri CCP ya samu babbar fa'ida akan KMT (mai mulkin ROC).  A cikin 1949, KMT ta kori gwamnatinta, sojojinta, da kuma 'yan kasa masu aminci kusan miliyan 1.2-2 zuwa Taiwan, wanda KMT ke mulki kusan shekaru hudu a wannan lokacin.  A baya can babban yankin kasar Sin, CCP ta shelanta "Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC)", ta samar da gaskiya ga Sinawa biyu.  Bayan da aka kirkiro Sinawa guda biyu, jam'iyyar PRC ta fara yakin diplomasiyya da ROC kan Taiwan kan amincewa da kasar Sin a hukumance a matsayin halaltacciyar gwamnatin kasar Sin.  A ƙarshe, PRC (mafi yawa) ta yi nasara a wannan yaƙin, kuma ta hau matsayin "China" a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1971, ta kori ROC daga wannan matsayi.

A sakamakon haka, ROC har yanzu tana mulkin Taiwan amma ba a amince da ita a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba.  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, zama memba a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya zama kusan muhimmin cancantar zama ƙasa.  Yawancin jihohin da ke da iyakacin sanin ko kaɗan ba a san su a yawancin gwamnatoci da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci.  Duk da haka, ROC wani lamari ne na musamman, ganin cewa har yanzu ya sami nasarar samun babban matsayi na amincewa da kasa da kasa ba bisa ka'ida ba, kodayake yawancin ƙasashe ba su amince da ita a matsayin ƙasa mai 'yanci a hukumance ba.  Wannan dai ya samo asali ne sakamakon yadda a baya aka amince da ROC a matsayin halaltacciyar gwamnatin kasar Sin, tare da samar da wani babban tsari na gudanar da huldar diflomasiyya da ba a hukumance ba tsakanin ROC da sauran kasashe. 

A cikin shekaru da suka biyo bayan komawarsa da ROC ta yi zuwa kasar Taiwan, Taiwan ta bi wasu muhimman sauye-sauye na zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki da al'adu, wanda ya karfafa rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Taiwan da babban yankin kasar Sin. Wannan ya kara dagula al'amura a tarihin Taiwan a matsayinta na mulkin mallaka na Daular Japan, wanda ya kai ga kafa wata kasa ta Taiwan ta musamman da kuma sha'awar samun 'yancin kai na Taiwan. Yunkurin 'yancin kai na Taiwan ya kara karfi sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma musamman ya zama wani karfi mai karfi a tsibirin tun bayan da ROC ta mika mulki ga tsarin jam'iyyu da yawa, a lokacin abin da aka fi sani da Demokradiyya. Taiwan

PRC ba ta taɓa amincewa da ikon mallakar Taiwan ba.  PRC ta tabbatar da cewa ROC ta daina wanzuwa a cikin shekara ta 1949 lokacin da aka ayyana PRC.  A hukumance, PRC tana nufin yankin da Taiwan ke sarrafawa a matsayin yankin Taiwan, da kuma gwamnatin Taiwan a matsayin hukumomin Taiwan.  PRC na ci gaba da ikirarin Taiwan a matsayin lardinta na 23, kuma yankunan Fujian da har yanzu ke karkashin ikon Taiwan a matsayin sassan lardin Fujian.  PRC ta kafa ka'idar kasar Sin guda daya domin ta fayyace manufarta.  CCP ta ware masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai na Taiwan a matsayin daya daga cikin Guba Biyar..

Yawancin mutanen Taiwan suna adawa da shiga PRC saboda dalilai daban-daban, gami da tsoron asarar Dimokuradiyya ta Taiwan, haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kishin ƙasa na Taiwan. Masu adawa ko dai suna son kiyaye matsayin Jamhuriyar Sin da ke gudanar da Taiwan ko neman 'yancin Taiwan. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Sin ya bayyana cewa yankinta ya haɗa da babban yankin, amma manufofin hukuma na gwamnatin Taiwan sun dogara da wane hadin gwiwa yake a halin yanzu. Matsayin Pan-Blue Coalition, wanda ya ƙunshi Kuomintang, Jam'iyyar Jama'a ta Farko da Sabon Jam'iyyar shine a ƙarshe su haɗa ƙasar cikin ROC, yayin da matsayin Pan-Green Coalition (DPP) da Taiwan Solidarity Union, shine neman 'yancin Taiwan.

A cikin 2024, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ba da umarni ga kotuna da ke nuna cewa za a iya gwada masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai "mai tsanani" ba tare da an yanke musu hukuncin kisa ba.

Babban yankin kasar Sin

An kirkiro manufar hadin kan kasar Sin a cikin shekarun 1970s a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun CCP don magance "Matsalar Taiwan" yayin da kasar Sin ta fara daidaita Dangantakar kasashen waje tare da kasashe da dama ciki har da Amurka da Japan.

A cewar cibiyar yada labarai ta Intanet ta kasar Sin, a shekarar 1979, majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ta buga sakon ga 'yan uwa a Taiwan (告台湾同胞书) wanda ya hada da kalmar "sake hadewar kasar Sin" a matsayin manufa ta dangantakar dake tsakanin mashigin tekun.  A shekarar 1981, shugaban zaunannen kwamitin majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin Ye Jiany ya sanar da "manufofin Sin guda tara" game da matsayin kasar Sin kan dangantakar dake tsakaninta da mashigin teku, tare da "hadin kai cikin lumana na kasar Sin" (祖国和平统一) a matsayin tsarin farko na kasar Sin, bisa ga tsarin kasar Sin guda biyu.  An jaddada sake hadewa" a kowane taron kasa na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin a matsayin ka'idojin tunkarar Hong Kong, Macau da Taiwan.  "Ƙasa ɗaya, Tsari Biyu" musamman game da manufofin kasar Sin game da Hong Kong da Macao bayan mulkin mallaka, kuma "haɗin kai na kasar Sin" ya shafi Taiwan musamman.[3]  An kuma ba wa Taiwan ƙudurin "Ƙasa ɗaya, Tsari Biyu".

Taiwan

Taiwan tana da tarihin rikitarwa na kasancewa aƙalla wani ɓangare kuma ana gudanar da shi ta manyan iko ciki har da Kamfanin Dutch East India, Masarautar Tungning (yana nufin ci gaba da Kudancin Ming), daular Qing da Daular Japan. Taiwan ta fara zama karkashin ikon kasar Sin kai tsaye lokacin da daular Qing da ke karkashin jagorancin Manchu ta mamaye ta a shekara ta 1683.

Tsibirin ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Qing har zuwa 1895 lokacin da aka ba da shi ga Daular Japan a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Shimonoseki . Bayan da aka ci Axis a yakin duniya na biyu a 1945, Jamhuriyar Sin da Kuomintang ke jagoranta ta sami iko da Taiwan. Wasu 'yan Taiwan sun yi tsayayya da mulkin ROC a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan yakin duniya na biyu. ROC ta yi ta'addanci da wannan juriya wanda ya ƙare a cikin abin da ya faru a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu a shekarar 1947. A ƙarshen yakin basasar kasar Sin a shekarar 1950, KMT da gwamnatin CCP sun fuskanci juna a fadin Strait, tare da kowannensu yana da niyyar mamayewar soja na ɗayan.

Daga 1928 zuwa 1942, CCP ta ci gaba da cewa Taiwan wata al'umma ce daban. A wata hira da Edgar Snow a shekara ta 1937, Mao Zedong ya bayyana cewa "za mu ba su (Koriya) taimakonmu mai himma a gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai. Haka kuma ya shafi Taiwan. "

Labarin irredentist da ke jaddada muhimmancin yankin Greater China, wanda ake zaton ya hada da Taiwan, ya tashi a cikin Kuomintang da CCP a cikin shekaru a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin basasa. Ga PRC, da'awar yankin Greater China wani bangare ne na gardamar kasa don amincin yankin. A cikin shekarun yakin basasa ya ware ƙungiyar kwaminisanci daga ROC, wanda ya rasa Manchuria, asalin kakannin sarakunan Qing, zuwa Japan a cikin 1932.

Tashin Tangwai da kishin kasa na Taiwan

Daga ƙarshen Yaƙin basasar kasar Sin a cikin 1950 har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970s manufar hadin kai ba shine babban batun tattaunawa tsakanin gwamnatocin PRC da ROC ba. Kuomintang ta yi imanin cewa za su, watakila tare da taimakon Amurka, wata rana za su sake karbar kasar Sin, yayin da mulkin kwaminisanci na Mao Zedong zai rushe a cikin wani shahararren tashin hankali kuma za a maraba da sojojin Kuomintang.

A cikin shekarun 1970s, mulkin kama-karya na soja na Kuomintang a Taiwan, karkashin jagorancin dangin Chiang, ya zama kasa da kasa saboda shaharar kungiyar Tangwai da kishin kasar Taiwan. A shekara ta 1970, mataimakin firaministan lokacin, Chiang Ching-kuo ya tsallake rijiya da baya a wani yunƙurin kisan gilla da Cheng Tzu-tsai da Peter Huang, dukkansu mambobi ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Ƙaddamar da 'Yancin Kai. A cikin 1976, Wang Sing-nan ya aika da wani bam na wasiku zuwa ga gwamnan lardin Taiwan na lokacin Hsieh Tung-min, wanda ya samu munanan raunuka a hannayen biyu a sakamakon haka.] Babban zaluncin da Kuomintang ta yi a cikin lamarin Kaohsiung, da zargin hannu a kisan gillar dangin Lin da kisan gillar Chen Wen-chen da Henry Liu, da kuma kona kan Cheng Nan-jung ya sanya al'ummar Taiwan shiga cikin harkokin siyasa kuma daga karshe ya haifar da mulkin mallaka da dimokiradiyya a Taiwan.

Ma'anar hadin kai ta maye gurbin manufar 'yanci ta PRC a cikin 1979 yayin da ta fara, bayan mutuwar Mao, a kan sake fasalin tattalin arziki kuma ta bi manufofin kasashen waje masu amfani. A Taiwan, yiwuwar ROC ta sake dawo da kasar Sin ta zama mai nisa a cikin shekarun 1970s, musamman bayan korar ROC daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1971, kafa dangantakar diflomasiyya tsakanin PRC da Amurka a 1979, da kuma mutuwar Chiang Kai-shek a 1975.

Gwamnatin mafi rinjaye a Taiwan

Bayan kawo karshen mulkin kama-karya a cikin shekarun 1980, an sami sauyi a mulki a cikin KMT daga bangaren da suka raka Chiang zuwa Taiwan.  Mutanen Taiwan wadanda suka girma a karkashin mulkin Jafan, wadanda ke da fiye da kashi 85% na al'ummar kasar, sun sami karin tasiri, kuma KMT ta fara ficewa daga akidarta ta hada kai.  Bayan fallasa kisan kiyashin Lieyu na shekarar 1987 a watan Yuni, daga karshe an dage dokar soja a Taiwan a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1987. Bayan yunkurin daliban Wild Lily, shugaba Lee Teng-hui ya sanar a shekarar 1991 cewa gwamnatinsa ba ta sake yin sabani a kan tsarin mulkin CCP a kasar Sin ba, wanda ya kai ga tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta wucin gadi (wanda ya jagoranci abin da za a kira shi a matsayin Yarjejeniya ta biyu).  PRC ta katse waɗannan tattaunawar a cikin 1999 lokacin da Shugaba Lee ya kwatanta dangantaka da PRC a matsayin "dangantaka ta musamman tsakanin jihohi da jihohi".

Har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, magoya bayan hadin kai a Taiwan sun yi tsayayya da CCP. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, an sami karuwar zafin dangantakar da ke tsakanin CCP da magoya bayan hadin kan Taiwan, yayin da dukansu ke adawa da ƙungiyar 'yancin Taiwan. Wannan ya haifar da zargin cewa magoya bayan hadin kai suna ƙoƙarin sayar da Taiwan. Sun amsa da cewa dangantaka ta kusa da kasar Sin, musamman alaƙar tattalin arziki, tana cikin sha'awar Taiwan.

Tashin Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive

Bayan zaben shugaban kasar Taiwan na shekara ta 2000, wanda ya kawo wa dan takarar jam'iyyar Demokradiyar Progressive Party mai ra'ayin 'yancin kai, shugaba Chen Shui-bian, Kuomintang, ya fuskanci komawarsa jam'iyyar People First Party, ta kori Lee Teng-hui da magoya bayansa, tare da sake mayar da jam'iyyar zuwa hadewa.  A sa'i daya kuma, jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin ta kawar da yunkurinta na hadewa daga barazanar soji (wanda ta kau da kai amma ba ta yi watsi da ita ba) kan ingiza bunkasuwar tattalin arziki da aka tsara don karfafa gwiwar 'yan kasuwan Taiwan da su zuba jari a babban yankin kasar Sin da nufin samar da wata kungiya mai goyon bayan Beijing a cikin al'ummar Taiwan.

A cikin Taiwan, masu goyon bayan haɗin kai suna kallon "Kasar Sin" a matsayin babbar al'adu da yakin basasa na kasar Sin ya raba zuwa jihohi ko gwamnatoci daban-daban a cikin kasar.  Bugu da kari, masu goyon bayan suna kallon asalin Taiwan a matsayin wani yanki na babban asalin kasar Sin maimakon a matsayin wata asalin al'adu daban-daban.  Duk da haka, magoya bayansa suna adawa da kawar da ra'ayin gurguzu irin wanda aka gani a lokacin juyin juya halin al'adu, tare da kokarin jaddada sunan Taiwan wanda ya bambanta da na kasar Sin.  A lokacin zaben shugaba Ma Ying-jeou na shekarar 2008, KMT ta amince da ka'idar Sin daya tak, amma ta ayyana shi a matsayin jamhuriyar Sin ta jagoranci maimakon jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin.

Ayyukan soja

3D zane na tashar jirgin ruwa ta bailey da China ke haɓaka don iya mamaye Taiwan

Rikicin soja tsakanin bangarorin biyu sun hada da Rikicin Taiwan Na farko, Na biyu da na uku.

Ɗaya daga cikin China, Tsarin Biyu

Deng Xiaoping ya kirkiro ka'idar kasa daya, tsari guda biyu dangane da Hong Kong, Macau, da Taiwan.[1]: 176  Bisa shawarar 1995 da Sakatare Janar na CCP kuma babban jigo Jiang Zemin ya bayyana, Taiwan za ta rasa 'yancin kai da 'yancin cin gashin kai, amma za ta ci gaba da rike sojojinta a matsayin shugabar gwamnatin tsakiya. Don haka, a karkashin wannan shawara, jamhuriyar Sin za ta zama ta ruguje.

''Yan Taiwan kadan ne ke goyon bayan manufofin kasa daya, tsarin tsarin biyu, yayin da wasu masu goyon bayan hadin kan kasar suka yi iƙirarin tabbatar da matsayin da ake da shi, har zuwa lokacin da babban yankin Sin ya sami bunƙasa tsarin demokraɗiyya da bunƙasa masana'antu zuwa matsayi ɗaya da Taiwan. A zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2000, dan takara mai zaman kansa James Soong ya ba da shawarar kulla alaka irin ta Tarayyar Turai da babban yankin kasar Sin (haka Hsu Hsin-liang ya yi daidai da wannan a cikin 2004) tare da yarjejeniyar rashin cin zali. A zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2004, Lien Chan ya ba da shawarar kulla dangantaka irin ta tarayya. Beijing ta nuna adawa da shirin, tana mai cewa Taiwan ta riga ta kasance cikin kasar Sin, kuma ba kasa ba ce, don haka ba za ta iya kulla alaka da shi ba. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a Hong Kong sun sa al'ummar Taiwan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun gano "Kasar Sin Daya, Tsari Biyu" a matsayin "marasa ra'ayi, rashin amincewa, har ma da rashin amincewa.".

Stasis

Ba a gabatar da shawarwarin hadin kai a Taiwan ba kuma batun ya kasance mai rikitarwa a karkashin Shugaba Chen Shui-bian, wanda ya ki karɓar tattaunawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin Beijing. A karkashin gwamnatin PRC ta Hu Jintao, hada Taiwan ya rasa girmamawa a cikin gaskiyar cewa shugabancin DPP a Taiwan zai kasance karkashin jagorancin 'yancin kai Shugaba Chen har zuwa 2008. Maimakon haka, an mayar da hankali ga tarurruka tare da 'yan siyasa da ke adawa da' yancin kai. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Jerin manyan ziyara a shekarar 2005 zuwa kasar Sin ta shugabannin jam'iyyun pan-Blue Coalition guda uku an gan su a matsayin amincewa da halin da gwamnatin PRC ta dauka. Musamman, tafiyar shugaban Kuomintang Lien Chan ta kasance alama ce ta hanyar ɗaukar jawabinsa da yawon shakatawa (da kuma wasu ƙarin sharhin da suka dace) ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da ke karkashin ikon gwamnati da tarurruka tare da manyan jami'ai ciki har da Hu Jintao. Irin wannan magani (ko da yake alama ce da ƙarancin muhimmancin tarihi da kuma kulawar kafofin watsa labarai) an ba da shi yayin ziyarar da shugaban PFP James Soong da New Party shugaban Yok Mu-ming suka biyo baya. Jam'iyyun CCP da Pan-Blue Coalition sun jaddada alakarsu a cikin sabuntawa a karkashin yarjejeniyar 1992, bude Lines Uku, da kuma adawa da 'yancin Taiwan. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

PRC ta zartar da Dokar Rarrabawar Ba da daɗewa ba kafin tafiyar Lien. Duk da yake Pan-Green Coalition ta gudanar da taro don nuna rashin amincewa da yin amfani da rundunar soja don sake dawo da Taiwan, Pan-Blue Coalition ya yi shiru sosai. Harshen Dokar Anti-Secession an yi amfani da shi a bayyane ga masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai a Taiwan (wanda ake kira "'yancin kai na Taiwan' a cikin doka) kuma an tsara shi don ya zama ɗan karɓa ga Pan-Blue Coalition. Ba ta bayyana Taiwan a bayyane a matsayin wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ba amma a maimakon haka ta yi amfani da kalmar "China" da kanta, ta ba da damar sassauci. Ya yi maimaitawa na inganta hadin kan kasa cikin lumana amma ya watsar da manufar "ƙasa ɗaya, tsarin biyu" kuma ya yi kira ga tattaunawa a cikin "matakai da matakai kuma tare da sassauci da hanyoyi daban-daban" don fahimtar manufar ƙarshe maimakon haɗuwa da Taiwan nan da nan. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

A karkashin duka biyun shugaba Chen da shugaba Ma Ying-jeou, manyan sauye-sauyen siyasa a cikin dangantakar dake tsakanin su sun hada da kulla alaka ta kud-da-kud da tattalin arziki da karuwar kasuwanci da tafiye-tafiye. Irin wannan yunƙurin dai ya samu cin karo da ƴan adawa na asali irin su ƙungiyar dalibai na Sunflower, wadda ta yi nasarar rusa yarjejeniyar cinikayyar ba da hidima ta Cross-Strait a shekarar 2014. Shugaba Ma Ying-Jeou ya ba da shawarar sake farfado da al'adun Sinawa, kamar yadda yake a cikin sake shigar da Sinanci na gargajiya a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka yi amfani da su a kasar Sin a Taiwan da kuma tarihi a kasar Sin. Ya bayyana niyyar ba da damar yin amfani da sauƙaƙan Sinanci a cikin rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun. [abubuwan da ake bukata]]

Matsayin hukuma na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin

Jam'iyyar CCP ta yi amfani da kalmar "sake hadewa" a maimakon "hadin kai" wajen jaddada ikirarinta na cewa tsibirin Taiwan na kasar Sin ne a ko da yaushe, ko kuma a ce tsibirin Taiwan ya dade yana cikin kasar Sin, kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, amma a halin yanzu ana ci gaba da mamaye shi a wani lokaci da ake zargin 'yan aware da ke goyon bayan 'yancin Taiwan..

"Yanci na Taiwan " kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin PRC don samun ra'ayi na jama'a don haɗin kai tare da Jamhuriyar Sin a Taiwan, yana ba da shawarar amfani da ƙarfin soja don cimma shi. A shekara ta 1956, Mao Zedong ya fara gabatar da kalmar, wanda aka fassara shi da ma'anar "zaman lafiya" hanyar hada kai da Jamhuriyar Sin. Duk da wannan, gwamnatocin biyu sun sami rikice-rikicen soja na dogon lokaci. CCP ta kafa hadin kan kasar Sin a matsayin babban burin siyasa tun lokacin da aka kafa PRC.

A watan Janairun 1979, Kwamitin Dindindin na Majalisar Jama'a ta Kasa ya ba da roko na farko ga KMT, wanda ya nuna farkon dabarun "haɗin kai" na PRC. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, Majalisar Jama'a ta Kasa ta 10 ta zartar da Dokar Anti-Secession da ta ba da izinin rundunar soja don hadin kai. A cikin 2019, Babban Sakataren CCP Xi Jinping ya ba da shawarar "sake haɗuwa da zaman lafiya" bisa ga ƙasa ɗaya, tsarin tsarin biyu. Gwamnatin ROC karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Tsai Ing-wen ta ki amincewa da shawarar.

PRC ba ta la'akari da ROC a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta a yau, a maimakon haka ta yi imani da kanta ta zama magajin ROC bayan kafa PRC a 1949.

A cikin 2024, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ba da umarni ga kotuna da ke nuna cewa za a iya gwada masu rabuwa da "mai ƙarfi" ba tare da an yanke musu hukuncin kisa ba.

Matsayin hukuma na Jamhuriyar Sin

Siyasa a Jamhuriyar Sin ta kasu kashi biyu, Pan-Blue da Pan-Green Coalitions. Tsohon sansanin yana da alaƙa da kishin ƙasa na kasar Sin da ROC, yayin da sansanin na ƙarshe ke da alaƙa ta Taiwan. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Tushen hukuma na ROC sun lura cewa sojojin Qing sun mamaye tsibirin yammacin Taiwan da arewacin gabar teku daga 1683, kuma an ayyana Taiwan a lardin Qing a 1885.

Fassarar Pan-Blue

Kayan aikin Jafananci na mika wuya (1945) sansanin Pan-Blue yana ganin yana halasta da'awar China na ikon mallakar tsibirin Taiwan wanda aka yi tare da sanarwar Alkahira na 1943 da sanarwar Potsdam (1945).[1]  Ra'ayin Pan-Blue na kowa yana nuna cewa an mayar da tsibirin Taiwan zuwa kasar Sin a shekara ta 1945. Masu kishin kasa a yanayi, wadanda suka mallaki wannan ra'ayi galibi suna ganin cewa ranar sake dawowa ita ce karshen ci gaba da gwagwarmayar sake hadewa a bangarorin biyu na mashigin, wanda ya dade daga 1895, shekarar da aka mika tsibirin Taiwan zuwa Japan, har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu.  Don haka, akwai ra'ayi daya a tsakanin sansanin Pan-Blue cewa, tsibirin Taiwan ko da yaushe wani yanki ne na kasar Sin da Japan ta mamaye kuma ba ta Japan ba, ba bisa ka'ida ko a ruhi ba.  Ana ganin sanarwar Alkahira, sanarwar Potsdam, da kayan aikin mika kai na kasar Japan a matsayin shaidun cewa an soke yarjejeniyar Shimonoseki gaba dayanta a shekarar 1945, don haka ya tabbatar da cewa tsibirin Taiwan na kasar Sin ne a kodayaushe a tsawon wadannan shekaru hamsin na gwagwarmayar sake hadewa.  Jim kadan bayan wadannan al'amura, tsibirin Taiwan ya sake ballewa daga babban yankin kasar Sin, bisa ga ra'ayin Pan-Blue gama gari, wanda ke nuna mafarin sake hadewa.  Har ila yau, sansanin na Pan-Blue ya dauki Taiwan da babban yankin kasar Sin a matsayin a halin yanzu suna karkashin ikon kasar Sin, inda rabe-raben da ke tsakanin tsibirin Taiwan da babban yankin kasar Sin na cikin gida ne kawai, maimakon kai tsaye sakamakon wuce gona da iri;  Ana nuna wannan ra'ayi ne ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta 1992, wanda wasu ke zargin cewa, yarjejeniya ce tsakanin jami'an jam'iyyar Kuomintang da CCP a shekarar 1992. Tunanin da aka cimma a shekarar 1992 shi ne cewa akwai kasar Sin daya, kuma tsibirin Taiwan wani bangare ne na kasar Sin, amma ana iya fassara gwamnatin halaltacciyar kasar Sin ta bangarori biyu na mashigin ruwa.  [ana ruwan hujja][citation need

Mawallafin ROC Teresa Teng ta yi aiki a kasashe da yawa a duniya, amma ba a taɓa yin hakan a kasar Sin ba. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na TTV na 1980, lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da irin wannan yiwuwar, ta amsa ta hanyar bayyana cewa ranar da ta yi a kan nahiyar za a aiwatar da ka'idoji uku na mutane a can - dangane da ko dai neman dimokuradiyya na kasar Sin ko sake haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin tutar ROC.

Tibet da Mongoliya ta waje

ROC tana da ikirarin tarihi ga Tibet da Outer Mongolia.

Dalai Lama ne ke mulkin yankin kudu maso yammacin Tibet daga 1912 zuwa 1951 a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta maimakon Ganden Phodrang.  Gwamnatin ROC ta tabbatar da cewa, "An sanya Tibet karkashin ikon kasar Sin" lokacin da daular Qing (1644-1912) ta kawo karshen mamayar kasar Nepal (1788-1792) na sassan Tibet a c.  1793.[1]  yayin da gwamnatin Tibet a gudun hijira ta bayyana cewa Tibet kasa ce mai cin gashin kanta har sai da PRC ta mamaye Tibet a shekarar 1949/1950.[2][3]  Ya zuwa wannan lokaci, matsayin Jamhuriyar Sin game da Tibet ya zama kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin jawabin bude taron kasa da kasa kan 'yancin dan Adam na Tibet a ranar 8 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, ta hanyar samun 'yancin kai na Taiwan, sannan shugaban ROC, Chen Shui-bian, wanda ya bayyana cewa, ofisoshinsa sun daina daukar 'yan Tibet da ke gudun hijira a matsayin 'yan kasar Sin.[4]  A yau, yankin na karkashin ikon yankin Tibet mai cin gashin kansa na PRC tare da wasu sassan lardin Xikang da ke da'awar ROC.

A yankin arewa, Mongoliya Mongoliya, wanda yanzu ke karkashin ikon Mongoliya mai cin gashin kanta da kuma Jamhuriyar Tuva ta Rasha, ta shelanta 'yancin kai daga daular Qing a shekarar 1911 yayin da kasar Sin ta ci gaba da rike ikonta a yankin tare da sake tabbatar da ikonta a wajen Mongoliya a shekarar 1919. A sakamakon haka, Mongoliya ta nemi goyon bayan Rasha don kwato 'yancinta.  A shekara ta 1921, sojojin Red Army na Tarayyar Soviet da sojojin Mongolian masu goyon bayan Soviet sun fatattaki sojojin Sin da na Rasha na Rasha.  A cikin 1924, an kafa Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Mongoliya.[1]  Matsin lamba na Tarayyar Soviet ya tilastawa kasar Sin amincewa da 'yancin kai na Mongoliya a shekarar 1946, amma ROC ta sake tabbatar da da'awar zuwa Mongoliya ta waje a 1953. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan da'awar a 2002 yayin da ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta ROC ta bude ofishin wakilci a Mongoliya a 2002 tare da amsa daga Mongoliya a ROC a 2003..

Ra'ayin jama'a

Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin

A cikin 2019, kashi 89% na Taiwanese sun yi adawa da hadin kan 'Ƙasa ɗaya, Tsarin Biyu' tare da PRC, fiye da ninki biyu na adawa a farkon karni, lokacin da kuri'un da aka yi a kai a kai suka sami kashi 30% zuwa 40% na duk mazauna sun yi adaba, har ma da ƙarin jiyya. A wannan lokacin yawancin sun goyi bayan abin da ake kira "yanayin yanzu". Duk da yake yana mai da hankali kan kasa da kasa kan siyasar Taiwan, hadin kai ba batun yanke shawara ba ne a cikin kamfen din siyasa da zaɓuɓɓuka na Taiwan. Yawancin jama'a suna goyon bayan halin da ake ciki, galibi don kauce wa rikici na soja da PRC, amma adadi mai yawa yana goyon bayan kamfen ɗin gyaran sunan.

Masu adawa da "Ƙasa ɗaya, Tsarin Biyu" sun ambaci aiwatar da ita a Hong Kong, inda duk da alkawuran manyan matakan cin gashin kansu, gwamnatin PRC a hankali ta kara yawan ikonta a Hong Kong ta hanyar ƙuntata zaɓe da haɓaka iko akan kafofin watsa labarai da manufofi. Dokar Tsaro ta Kasa da kuma irin wannan rikice-rikicen sun kara rage goyon bayan Taiwan ga irin wannan tsarin.

'Yan tsiraru masu goyon bayan hadin kai na Taiwan a wasu lokuta sun kasance masu magana a kafofin watsa labarai da siyasa. Don zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2004 batun hadin kai ya sami kulawa yayin da jam'iyyun siyasa daban-daban ke tattauna batun. Jerin zanga-zangar, wasu daga cikinsu an shirya su ne ta hanyar 'yan tsiraru masu goyon bayan hadin kai, sun sami kulawa mai mahimmanci.

A cikin wannan lokacin, rabon da ke goyon bayan 'yancin kai ya karu dan kadan daga 46.5% zuwa 48.9%, kuma waɗanda ke goyon bayan hadin kai sun fadi daga 20.0% zuwa 6.9% a 2024. A cikin waɗanda ke goyon bayan 'yancin kai, rabon yana goyon bayan' yancin kai da wuri-wuri ya faɗi. Wadanda ke goyon bayan kiyaye halin da ake ciki har abada sun karu daga 9.8% zuwa 34.1%.

Binciken wayar 2019 da aka gudanar a manyan birane tara ya gano cewa 53.1% na masu amsa sun goyi bayan karfin soja don hadewa (武统; wu tong) tare da Taiwan yayin da 39.1% ya bayyana cewa za su yi adawa da karfin soja don hadewa a kowane yanayi. Rundunar soja don haɗin kai.[2]: 46  Mazaunan Xiamen da Guangzhou (a bakin teku) masu ra'ayin siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa, da kuma masu ba da amsa masu zurfin fahimta game da Taiwan, sun kasance mafi kusantar tallafawa rundunar soja don haɗin kai. : 46 : 46