Hadari mai yawa
 Hadari mai yawa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
thunderstorm (en)  |
hadari mai iska, wanda kuma ake kira "na yau da kullun", "kwayar halitta guda", "keɓewa" ko "nau'ikan lambu", [1] hadari ne wanda gabaɗaya ba shi da ƙarfi kuma yawanci ba mai tsanani. Wadannan guguwa suna samuwa a cikin mahalli inda akalla wasu adadin Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) suke, amma tare da ƙananan matakan iska da helicity. Tushen ɗagawa, wanda shine muhimmiyar mahimmanci a ci gaban tsawa, yawanci sakamakon rashin daidaituwa ne na farfajiyar, kodayake ana iya haifar da su ta hanyar Yanayin yanayi da sauran iyakokin da ke da alaƙa da haɗuwa da iska. Makamashi da ake buƙata don waɗannan guguwa su zo ne a cikin nau'in insolation, ko hasken rana. Hadari na iska ba ya motsawa da sauri, ba ya wuce awa ɗaya, kuma yana da barazanar walƙiya, da kuma hasken ruwan sama, matsakaici, ko ruwan sama mai yawa. Ruwan sama mai yawa na iya tsoma baki tare da watsawar microwave a cikin yanayi.
Halayen walƙiya suna da alaƙa da halaye na tsawa na iyaye, kuma suna iya haifar da gobarar daji kusa da tsawa tare da ruwan sama kaɗan. A lokuta masu ban mamaki akwai yiwuwar raguwa mai rauni da karamin ƙanƙara. Sun zama ruwan dare a yankuna masu matsakaici a lokacin rani. Kamar duk tsawa, matsakaicin filin iska da guguwar ta samar a cikin motsi. Lokacin da iskar iska mai zurfi ta kasance mai haske, ci gaban iyakar fitarwa zai ƙayyade motsi na guguwa. Tunda tsawa na iya zama haɗari ga jirgin sama, ana ba da shawarar matukan jirgi su tashi sama da kowane nau'in hail a cikin yankuna masu ganuwa da kyau kuma su guji tashi a ƙarƙashin ƙuƙwalwar waɗannan tsawa, wanda zai iya zama yankuna inda ƙanƙara ta faɗi daga tsawa ta iyaye. Rashin iska na tsaye kuma haɗari ne kusa da tushen tsawa wanda ya haifar da iyakokin fita.
Tsarin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abin da ke haifar da tashin gajimaren cumulus na farko na iya zama insolation mai dumama ƙasa yana samar da thermals, wuraren da iskoki biyu ke haɗuwa da tilasta iska zuwa sama, ko kuma inda iskoki ke kadawa a kan ƙasa mai girma. Danshin yana saurin yin sanyi zuwa digon ruwa saboda yanayin sanyi mai tsayi a tsayi mai tsayi, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin gizagizai na cumulus . Yayin da tururin ruwa ke takushewa zuwa ruwa, ana fitar da zazzafar latent wanda ke dumama iska, yana sa ya zama kasa mai yawa fiye da busasshiyar iskar da ke kewaye. Iska tana ƙoƙarin tashi a cikin haɓakawa ta hanyar aiwatar da jujjuyawar (saboda haka kalmar hazo convective ). Wannan yana haifar da ƙananan matsa lamba a ƙarƙashin kafawar hadari, in ba haka ba da aka sani da girgije cumulonimbus . A cikin tsawa na yau da kullun, kusan 5 × 10 8 kilogiram na tururin ruwa yana ɗagawa cikin yanayin duniya . [2] [ ba a yi nasara ba ] Yayin da suke tasowa a wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi a tsaye a tsaye, [3] ruwan sama na tsawa ya haifar da ɗanɗano kuma mai sanyi mai fita iyaka wanda ya keɓance ƙaramin matakin guguwar, kuma cikin sauri yana haifar da tarwatsewa. Ruwan ruwa, ƙanƙara ƙanƙara, da iska mai ƙarfi na iya faruwa tare da waɗannan tsawa.
Yankunan bayyanar da aka saba da su
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Har ila yau, an san su da tsawa guda ɗaya, waɗannan su ne tsawa na rani a wurare da yawa. Har ila yau, suna faruwa a cikin iska mai sanyi wanda sau da yawa yakan biyo bayan wucewar sanyi gaba teku a lokacin hunturu. A cikin tarin tsawa, kalmar "cell" tana nufin kowane babban updraft. Kwayoyin tsawa a wasu lokuta suna samuwa a ware, kamar yadda faruwar tsawa ɗaya na iya haɓaka iyakar fita wanda ke saita sabon ci gaban tsawa. Irin waɗannan guguwa ba su da tsanani kuma sakamakon rashin kwanciyar hankali ne na cikin gida; saboda haka kalmar nan "guguwar iska". Lokacin da irin wannan guguwa ke da ɗan gajeren lokaci na mummunan yanayi da ke da alaƙa da su, an san shi da guguwa mai tsanani. Hadari mai tsanani ba a tsara shi sosai ba saboda ƙananan iska a tsaye a cikin yanayin guguwar kuma yana faruwa ba zato ba tsammani a lokaci da sarari, yana mai da su da wuya a hango su. Tsakanin tsari da ɓacewa, tsawa guda ɗaya na tantanin halitta yawanci yana ɗaukar minti 20 zuwa 30.[4]
Motsi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hanyoyi biyu da tsawa ke motsawa sune ta hanyar advection na iska da yaduwa tare da iyakokin fitarwa zuwa tushen zafi da danshi mafi girma. Yawancin tsawa suna motsawa tare da matsakaicin saurin iska ta hanyar duniya, ko mafi ƙasƙanci kilomita 8 (5.0 na Yanayin duniya. Ƙananan tsawa suna jagorantar iskõki kusa da farfajiyar Duniya fiye da tsawa da suka fi girma saboda ba su da tsayi. Idan guguwar gaba, ko kuma gefen gaba na iyakar fita, yana motsawa a gaban tsawa, motsi na tsawa zai motsa tare da guguwar gaban. Wannan ya fi dacewa da tsawa tare da hazo mai nauyi (HP), kamar tsawa mai iska. Lokacin da tsawa suka haɗu, wanda ya fi dacewa lokacin da tsawa da yawa suka kasance kusa da juna, motsi na tsawa mai ƙarfi yana nuna motsi na gaba na tantanin halitta. Da karfi da iska, da karancin yiwuwar sauran matakai za su shiga cikin motsi na guguwa. A kan radar na yanayi, ana bin diddigin guguwa ta amfani da wani shahararren fasalin da bin diddiginsa daga scan zuwa scan.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Jeff Haby (2008-02-19). "What Is An Air Mass Thunderstorm?". weatherprediction.com. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
- ↑ Gianfranco Vidali (2009). "Rough Values of Various Processes". Syracuse University. Archived from the original on 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
- ↑ Steven Businger (2006-11-17). "Lecture 25 Air Mass Thunderstorms and Lightning" (PDF). University of Hawaiʻi. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
- ↑ National Severe Storms Laboratory (2006-10-15). "A Severe Weather Primer: Questions and Answers about THUNDERSTORMS". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
- ↑ Jon W. Zeitler; Matthew J. Bunkers (March 2005). "Operational Forecasting of Supercell Motion: Review and Case Studies Using Multiple Datasets" (PDF). National Weather Service Forecast Office, Riverton, Wyoming. Retrieved 2009-08-30.