Hadarin aiki

Ma'aikatan gini a tsawo ba tare da kayan tsaro masu dacewa ba

Hadarin aiki
type of risk (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	hazard (en) da health risk (en)
Bangare na	Tsaro da lafiya na aiki
Yana haddasa	occupational cancer (en) da Rashin jin aiki
Handled, mitigated, or managed by (en)	hierarchy of hazard controls (en) da Yanayin lantarki

haɗari aiki haɗari ne da aka samu a wurin aiki. Wannan ya ƙunshi nau'ikan haɗari da yawa, gami da haɗarin sunadarai, haɗarin halittu (haɗarin halittu), haɗarin zamantakewa, da haɗarin jiki. A Amurka, Cibiyar Tsaro da Lafiya ta Kasa (NIOSH) tana gudanar da bincike a wurin aiki da bincike game da lafiyar wurin aiki da haɗarin aminci wanda ke haifar da jagororin. Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Aiki (OSHA) ta kafa ka'idojin da za a iya aiwatar da su don hana raunin da cututtuka a wurin aiki. A cikin EU, EU-OSHA ta ɗauki irin wannan rawar.

Hadarin aiki, a matsayin kalma, yana nuna haɗarin dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da ke da alaƙa da yanayin wurin aiki. Yana da wani filin karatu a cikin sana'a tsaro da kiwon lafiya da kuma jama'a. Hadarin gajeren lokaci na iya haɗawa da rauni na jiki (misali, ido, baya, kai, da dai sauransu), yayin da haɗarin dogon lokaci na iya zama haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan aiki, kamar ciwon daji ko cututtukani na zuciya. Gabaɗaya, mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya wanda ke haifar da haɗarin ɗan gajeren lokaci ana iya juyawa, yayin da waɗanda ke haifar da hadarin dogon lokaci ba za a iya juyawa ba.

Hadarin sinadarai

Haɗarin sunadarai wani nau'i ne na haɗarin aiki wanda ya shafi sunadarai iri-iri. Bayyanawa ga sunadarai a wurin aiki na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga lafiyar jiki na dogon lokaci. Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na sunadarai masu haɗari, gami da neurotoxins, masu maganin rigakafi, masu maganin fata, masu cutar kansa, masu guba na haihuwa, masu gubobi na tsarin, asthmagens, masu cutar huhu, da masu saurin ji.

NIOSH ya kafa iyakokin fallasa da aka ba da shawarar (REL) tare da ba da shawarar matakan kariya akan takamaiman sunadarai don rage ko kawar da mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya daga fallasa waɗannan sunadarai. Bugu da ƙari, NIOSH tana riƙe da alamar haɗarin sunadarai bisa ga sunansu na sunadarai, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS No.), da RTECS Number. Bugu da ƙari, OSHA ta kafa iyakokin fallasawa (PEL) a kan sunan sunadarai 500 waɗanda doka za ta iya aiwatar da su.

Wadannan iyakokin fallasa sun haɗa da shaidar cewa wani adadin fallasa sinadarai yana da alaƙa da ɗaya ko fiye da tasirin kiwon lafiya. Misali, cututtukan zuciya sun fi yawa a cikin ma'aikatan da ke fuskantar sunadarai da aka samu a cikin injin. Bayyanawa ga carbon tetrachloride ya nuna yana haifar da lalacewar hanta da koda. An haɗa bayyanar benzene da cutar sankarar jini.

Hadarin halittu

Wakilan halittu, waɗanda ke haifar da haɗarin halittu, sun haɗa da kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin Halitta, ƙwayoyi masu ƙwayoyin halittu, da guba. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikata. Influenza misali ne na haɗarin halittu wanda ke shafar yawan ma'aikata.

Exposure to toxins generated by insects, spiders, snakes, scorpions, etc., require physical contact be made between the worker and the living organism. Skin exposure to biological agents can cause contact dermatitis (caused by exposure to urushiol from poisonous Toxicodendron plants), Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and coccidioidomycosis (caused by exposure to fungi). According to NIOSH, outdoor workers at risk for these hazards "include farmers, foresters, landscapers, groundskeepers, gardeners, painters, roofers, pavers, construction workers, laborers, mechanics, and any other workers who spend time outside."