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Hadarin halaka daga canjin yanayi

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Hadarin halaka daga canjin yanayi
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na extinction risk (en) Fassara
Fuskar Tasirin canjin yanayi da extinction event (en) Fassara
Has cause (en) Fassara Canjin yanayi
Dangane da yanzu, mahimman wuraren dabbobin daji za su riƙe ƙasa da bambancin halittu a ƙarƙashin 2 °C (3.6 °F) ° C (3.6 ° F) na dumama na duniya, har ma da ƙasa da 4.5 °C (8.1 °F) ° C (8.1 ° F). [1]

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za su iya haifar da lalacewar nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi daga Canjin yanayi. Kowane nau'in ya samo asali ne don wanzu a cikin wani Yanayin muhalli, [2] amma canjin yanayi yana haifar da canje-canje na zafin jiki da matsakaicin yanayin yanayi. [3] Wadannan canje-canje na iya tura yanayin yanayi a waje da nau'in jinsin, kuma a ƙarshe ya sa ya ƙare.[4] Yawancin lokaci, jinsunan da ke fuskantar sauye-sauye na iya daidaitawa a wurin ta hanyar microevolution ko motsawa zuwa wani wurin zama tare da yanayin da ya dace. Koyaya, nau'o'in canjin yanayi na baya-bayan nan yana da sauri sosai. Saboda wannan saurin canji, alal misali Dabbobi masu jinin sanyi (wani rukuni wanda ya haɗa da amphibians, Dabbobi masu rarrafe da duk invertebrates) na iya gwagwarmaya don neman wurin zama mai dacewa a cikin kilomita 50 daga wurin da suke yanzu a ƙarshen wannan ƙarni (don yanayin matsakaicin yanayin dumamar duniya na gaba). [5]

Canjin yanayi kuma yana ƙara yawan mitar da tsananin Abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, wanda zai iya shafe yawan jinsunan yankin kai tsaye. [6] Wadannan nau'o'in da ke zaune a bakin teku da tsibirin tsibirin da ke ƙasa na iya zama marasa iyaka ta hanyar hauhawar matakin teku. Wannan ya riga ya faru da Bramble Cay melomys a Ostiraliya.[7] A ƙarshe, an haɗa canjin yanayi tare da karuwar yaduwa da yaduwar wasu cututtukan da ke shafar namun daji a duniya. Wannan ya haɗa da Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ɗaya daga cikin manyan direbobi na raguwar duniya a cikin yawan amphibian.[8]

Ya zuwa yanzu, canjin yanayi bai riga ya kasance babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da lalacewar holocene ba. A zahiri, kusan dukkanin asarar halittu masu yawa har zuwa yau sun haifar da wasu matsin lamba na ɗan adam kamar lalacewar mazaunin.[9][10][11] Duk da haka, tasirinsa tabbas zai zama mafi yawa a nan gaba. Ya zuwa 2021, kashi 19% na jinsuna a cikin IUCN Red List of Threatened Species sun riga sun shafi canjin yanayi.[12] Daga cikin nau'o'in 4000 da Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya bincika, an gano rabin sun canza rarraba su zuwa mafi girman latitudes ko tsawo don mayar da martani ga canjin yanayi. A cewar IUCN, da zarar jinsin ya rasa fiye da rabin kewayon yankinsa, an rarraba shi a matsayin "mai haɗari", wanda ake la'akari da > 20% yiwuwar halaka a cikin shekaru 10-100 masu zuwa. Idan ya rasa 80% ko fiye da kewayonsa, ana ɗaukarsa "mai haɗari sosai", kuma yana da babban (sama da 50%) yiwuwar ya ƙare a cikin shekaru 10-100 masu zuwa

Ya yi hasashen cewa a nan gaba, 9%-14% na jinsunan da aka tantance za su kasance cikin haɗarin halaka a ƙarƙashin 3 °C (5.4 °F) 1.5 ° C (2.7 ° F) na dumama na duniya a kan matakan masana'antu, kuma ƙarin dumama yana nufin haɗari mafi yawa, tare da 3 ° C (5.4 ° F) sanya 12%-29% a cikin haɗari mai girma, da 5 ° C (9.0 ° F) 15%-48%. Musamman, a 3.2 °C (5.8 °F) , 15% na invertebrates (ciki har da 12% na pollinators), 11% na amphibians da 10% na shuke-shuke masu fure za su kasance cikin haɗarin halaka, yayin da ~ 49% na kwari, 44% na shuke'o'i, da 26% na vertebrates za su kasance a cikin haɗarin haɗarin hauka. Sabanin haka, ko da mafi ƙanƙanta burin Yarjejeniyar Paris na iyakance dumama zuwa 2 ° C (3.6 ° F) yana rage ɓangaren invertebrates, amphibians da tsire-tsire masu fure a cikin haɗarin halaka zuwa ƙasa da 3%. Koyaya, yayin da burin 1.5 °F) mafi girma ya rage yawan kwari, tsire-tsire, da dabbobi masu haɗari a cikin haɗarin halaka zuwa 6%, 4% da 8%, ƙananan burin ya ninka sau uku (zuwa 18%) da ninka (8% da 16%) yawan nau'in da ke cikin haɗari.

Dalilan da suka haifar

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Tsinkaya na matsanancin yanayi a matakai daban-daban na dumamar yanayi

Canjin yanayi ya riga ya shafi yankunan ruwa da na ƙasa, gami da tundras, mangroves, coral reefs, da koguna.[13][14] Sakamakon haka, karuwar yanayin zafi na duniya sun riga sun tura wasu nau'o'in daga wuraren zama na shekaru da yawa.[15]

Lokacin da aka buga Rahoton Bincike na huɗu na IPCC a cikin 2007, ƙididdigar ƙwararru ta kammala cewa a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata, dumama da aka haifar da mutum mai yiwuwa yana da tasiri a kan tsarin jiki da na halitta da yawa, kuma yanayin zafin jiki na yanki ya riga ya shafi nau'o'in halittu da yanayin halittu a duniya. [16][17] A lokacin Rahoton Bincike na shida, an gano cewa ga dukkan nau'o'in da ake da rikodin dogon lokaci, rabi sun sauya kewayon su zuwa pole (da / ko sama ga nau'in dutse), yayin da kashi biyu bisa uku sun sami abubuwan bazara da suka faru a baya.

Yawancin jinsunan da ke cikin haɗari sune Arctic da Antarctic fauna kamar su Bears na polar [18] A cikin Arctic, ruwan Hudson Bay ba shi da kankara na makonni uku fiye da yadda suka kasance shekaru talatin da suka gabata, yana shafar bears na Arctic, wanda ya fi son farauta a kan kankara na teku. Dabbobi da suka dogara da yanayin yanayin sanyi kamar Gyrfalcons, da dusar ƙanƙara waɗanda ke cin nama a kan lemmings waɗanda ke amfani da hunturu mai sanyi don amfanin su na iya samun mummunan tasiri.[19][20] Canjin yanayi kuma yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara na dabbobi na arctic kamar su dusar ƙuƙwalwa tare da yanayin da ba shi da dusar ƙara.[21]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Warren, R.; Price, J.; VanDerWal, J.; Cornelius, S.; Sohl, H. (March 14, 2018). "The implications of the United Nations Paris Agreement on climate change for globally significant biodiversity areas". Climatic Change (in Turanci). 147 (3–4): 395–409. Bibcode:2018ClCh..147..395W. doi:10.1007/s10584-018-2158-6. S2CID 158490978.
  2. ↑ (Philippe ed.). Invalid |url-access=Silberstein (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ "Climate Change". National Geographic. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  4. ↑ Van der Putten, Wim H.; Macel, Mirka; Visser, Marcel E. (2010-07-12). "Predicting species distribution and abundance responses to climate change: why it is essential to include biotic interactions across trophic Levels". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 (1549): 2025–2034. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0037. PMC 2880132. PMID 20513711.
  5. ↑ Buckley, Lauren B.; Tewksbury, Joshua J.; Deutsch, Curtis A. (2013-08-22). "Can terrestrial ectotherms escape the heat of climate change by moving?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1765): 20131149. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1149. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3712453. PMID 23825212.
  6. ↑ Maxwell, Sean L.; Butt, Nathalie; Maron, Martine; McAlpine, Clive A.; Chapman, Sarah; Ullmann, Ailish; Segan, Dan B.; Watson, James E. M. (2019). "Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events". Diversity and Distributions (in Turanci). 25 (4): 613–625. Bibcode:2019DivDi..25..613M. doi:10.1111/ddi.12878. ISSN 1472-4642.
  7. ↑ Smith, Lauren (2016-06-15). "Extinct: Bramble Cay melomys". Australian Geographic. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  8. ↑ Pounds, Alan (12 January 2006). "Widespread Amphibian Extinctions from Epidemic Disease Driven by Global Warming". Nature. 439 (7073): 161–167. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..161A. doi:10.1038/nature04246. PMID 16407945. S2CID 4430672.
  9. ↑ "Media Release: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'". IPBES. 5 May 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  10. ↑ Cahill, Abigail E.; Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E.; Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin; Hua, Xia; Karanewsky, Caitlin J.; Yeong Ryu, Hae; Sbeglia, Gena C.; Spagnolo, Fabrizio; Waldron, John B.; Warsi, Omar; Wiens, John J. (2013-01-07). "How does climate change cause extinction?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1750): 20121890. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1890. PMC 3574421. PMID 23075836.
  11. ↑ Caro, Tim; Rowe, Zeke; et al. (2022). "An inconvenient misconception: Climate change is not the principal driver of biodiversity loss". Conservation Letters. 15 (3): e12868. Bibcode:2022ConL...15E2868C. doi:10.1111/conl.12868. S2CID 246172852 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  12. ↑ "Species and Climate Change". IUCN Issues Brief. IUCN. October 2021.
  13. ↑ "IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems:Summary for Policymakers" (PDF).
  14. ↑ "Summary for Policymakers — Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate". Retrieved 2019-12-23.
  15. ↑ Root, Terry L.; Price, Jeff T.; Hall, Kimberly R.; Schneider, Stephen H.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Pounds, J. Alan (January 2003). "Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants". Nature. 421 (6918): 57–60. Bibcode:2003Natur.421...57R. doi:10.1038/nature01333. PMID 12511952. S2CID 205209602.
  16. ↑ Root, T. L.; MacMynowski, D. P; Mastrandrea, M. D.; Schneider, S. H. (17 May 2005). "Human-modified temperatures induce species changes: Joint attribution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (21): 7465–7469. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502286102. PMC 1129055. PMID 15899975.
  17. ↑ "Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change". AR4 Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. 2007.
  18. ↑ Amstrup, Steven C.; Stirling, Ian; Smith, Tom S.; Perham, Craig; Thiemann, Gregory W. (27 April 2006). "Recent observations of intraspecific predation and cannibalism among polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea". Polar Biology. 29 (11): 997–1002. Bibcode:2006PoBio..29..997A. doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0142-5. S2CID 34780227.
  19. ↑ Pertti Koskimies (compiler) (1999). "International Species Action Plan for the Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolis" (PDF). BirdLife International. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  20. ↑ "Snowy Owl" (PDF). University of Alaska. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  21. ↑ Mills, L. Scott; Zimova, Marketa; Oyler, Jared; Running, Steven; Abatzoglou, John T.; Lukacs, Paul M. (15 April 2013). "Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (18): 7360–7365. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.7360M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1222724110. PMC 3645584. PMID 23589881.
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