Haikali na Philae

Haikali na Philae
	More pictures
Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Misra
Governorate of Egypt (en)	Aswan Governorate (en)
Coordinates	24°01′33″N 32°53′03″E / 24.0257642°N 32.8841999°E
Altitude (en)	109 m, above sea level
History and use
Amfani	majami'a
	Offical website

Da farko, haikalin ya kasance a Tsibirin Philae, kusa da faɗakarwa ta farko ta Nilu a Upper Egypt. Wadannan rapids da kewayen yankin sun ambaliya daban-daban tun lokacin da aka fara gina Aswan Low Dam a cikin 1902. Tare da gina madatsar ruwan zamani a Aswan (1960 - 1970) 'yan kilomita daga sama, wannan haikalin zai fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa kuma an fara cire shi daga aikin Kamfen na Nubia don ceto dukkan haikalin a yankin da kuma kauce wa abin da ya faru a baya tare da Aswan Low Dam da Haikalin Philae. Koyaya, muhimmancin abin mamaki, wanda aka fi sani da Pearl na Nilu, wanda aka tuna da bayanin da Pierre Loti ya yi a cikin aikinsa na Mort de Philae, ya haifar da ƙarin sadaukarwa daga ƙasashen membobin UNESCO, wanda ya ƙaddamar da gasa ta duniya don adana abubuwan tunawa na Philae.

Maganin da ƙungiyar masu zanen Masar suka gabatar ya yi nasara, wanda ya haɗa da rushe gine-ginen gine-ggine casa'in da biyar a tsibirin da sake gina su a wuri mafi girma, mita 12.40 sama da asalin wurin, ta hanyar daidaita tsibirin Agilkia da ke kusa. UNESCO ta ba da kwangilar aiwatar da ayyukan a cikin 1974, ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Masar, ga kamfanoni biyu na Italiya: Condotte Acque daga Roma da Mazzi Estero daga Verona, daga baya ya shiga a matsayin Condotte-Mazzi Estero S.p.A. Kamfanonin biyu an ba su aiki tare da rubuce-rubuce, rushewa, da kuma maido da tarihin Philae, da kuma canja wurin da sake gina shi a sabon shafin a tsibirin Agilkia. Kamfanin Masar na uku, Kamfanin High Dam, wanda a baya ya gina Aswan High Dam, an ba shi aikin zubar da asalin wurin da kuma shirya tushe mai ƙarfi da shimfidar wuri na Agilkia. An danƙa wa masanin gine-ginen Italiya Giovanni Joppolo kulawa da alhakin duk ayyukan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ƙungiyar Italiya. Dukan aikin ya kasance daga 1977 zuwa 1980.^[1] Ana nazarin zane-zane na haikalin kuma ana buga su ta hanyar Philae Temple Text Project na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Austriya, Vienna (Institute OREA).^[2]

Yanayin ƙasa

Marubutan zamanin d ̄ a da yawa sun ambaci Philae, ciki har da Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, Ptolemy, Seneca, da Pliny the Elder. Ya kasance, kamar yadda sunan jam'i ya nuna, sunan ƙananan tsibirai biyu da ke cikin latitude 24 ° arewa, sama da Cataract na farko kusa da Aswan (Masar Swenet "Trade"; Tsohon Girkanci: ). Groskurd ya lissafa nisan tsakanin waɗannan tsibirai da Aswan a kusan kilomita 100 kilometres (62 mi) (62 .

Duk da kasancewa karamin tsibirin, Philae da ya dace, daga yawancin rushewar da suka kasance a can, mafi ban sha'awa daga cikin biyun. Kafin ambaliyar, ba ta wuce mita 380 (1,250 ba kuma kusan mita 120 (390 a fadin. Ya ƙunshi syenite: bangarorin suna da tsayi kuma a kan tsaunuka an gina bango mai tsawo wanda ke kewaye da tsibirin. ^[3] An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa babu tsuntsaye da suka tashi sama da shi ko kifi da ya kusanci gabarta. Wadannan hakika al'adun wani lokaci ne mai nisa; tunda a lokacin Masarautar Ptolemaic, Philae ya yi amfani da shi sosai, wani bangare ta mahajjata zuwa kabarin Osiris, wani bangaren mutane ne a kan ayyukan duniya, cewa firistoci sun roki Ptolemy VIII Physcon (170-117 BC) don hana ma'aikatan gwamnati aƙalla su zo can kuma su rayu a kan kuɗin su.

A cikin karni na sha tara, William John Bankes ya ɗauki Philae obelisk wanda aka zana wannan takardar zuwa Ingila. Lokacin da aka kwatanta rubutun Masar da na Rosetta Stone, ya ba da haske mai yawa a kan haruffa na Masar.

Tsibirin Philae ba, duk da haka, mazaunan firistoci ne kawai ba; sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin Meroë da Memphis. Rashin ruwa na cataracts a mafi yawan lokutan ba za a iya tafiya ba, kuma kayayyakin da aka musayar tsakanin Masar da Nubia sun sauka kuma sun sake shiga Syene da Philae.

Har ila yau, wuraren da ke kusa da dutse sun jawo hankalin masu hakar ma'adinai da masu dutse. Don sauƙin wannan zirga-zirga, an kafa gallery ko hanya a cikin duwatsu a gefen gabas na Kogin Nilu, wasu sassan har yanzu suna nan.

Philae kuma ya kasance mai ban mamaki ga tasirin haske da inuwa wanda ya haifar da matsayinsa kusa da Tropic of Cancer. Yayin da rana ta kusanci iyakar arewacin inuwa daga cornices da gyare-gyare na temples sun nutse ƙasa da ƙasa a saman ganuwar, har sai, rana ta kai ga mafi girman tsawo, ganuwar tsaye sun mamaye inuwa mai duhu, suna samar da bambanci mai ban mamaki tare da hasken da kewaye da duk abubuwan da ke kewaye.

Gine-gine

Abu mafi mahimmanci na tsibirai biyu shine dukiyar gine-ginen su. Abubuwan tunawa na lokuta daban-daban, daga Fir'auna zuwa Kaisar, sun mamaye kusan dukkanin yankinsu. Babban gine-ginen, duk da haka, sun kasance a kudancin ƙarshen ƙaramin tsibirin.

Mafi tsufa shine haikalin Isis, wanda aka gina a lokacin mulkin Nectanebo I<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw1g"> </span> a lokacin 380-362 BC, wanda aka kusanci daga kogi ta hanyar ginshiƙi biyu. Nekhtnebef shi ne tsohon masarautar Masar kuma ya zama Fir'auna mai kafa daular talatin kuma ta ƙarshe lokacin da ya tsige kuma ya kashe Nepherites II.

Hotuna

1856 photo
Map of Philae with floor plan of the Temple of Isis
Agilkia Island, where the temple complex was moved in the 20th century
First pylon and colonnade
Temple hieroglyphs at Philae
Interior
Temple of Isis from the west
Trajan's Kiosk of Philae
Lantern Slide Collection: Views, Objects: Egypt - Philae. Temple of Isis. Capitals of east colonnade., n.d., Joseph Hawkes. Brooklyn Museum Archives
Mammisi ^[4] (Birth-house). Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection
Eastern colonnade in the outer or the forecourt ^[5]
General view of Temple of Philae during flood, 1908, Brooklyn Museum Archives
Sanctuary of Isis, flood (2 January 1969)
Pavillon of Trajan, 1960
Temple of Philae as seen from a boat