Hakki na asali

Hakki na asali
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Haƙƙoƙi

Hakki na asali rukuni ne na haƙƙoƙin da aka amince da su ta hanyar kariya mai yawa daga mamayewa. Waɗannan hakkoki an gano su musamman a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, ko kuma an samo su a ƙarƙashin tsarin doka. Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 17, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2015, ta jaddada alaƙar da ke tsakanin inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da kiyaye zaman lafiya.^[1]

Jerin muhimman hakkoki

Wasu haƙƙoƙin da aka amince da su a duniya waɗanda ake gani a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci, watau, waɗanda ke cikin sanarwar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dattijai kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, ko Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta Majalisar Dangane da Kasa kan' Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu, sun haɗa da:

Takamaiman hukunce-hukunce

Kanada

A Kanada, Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin da' Yanci ta tsara' Yanci na Musamman guda huɗu.^[10] Waɗannan su ne 'yancin:

Lamiri da Addini
Tunanin, imani, ra'ayi, da faɗar albarkacin baki, gami da 'yancin' yan jarida da sauran kafofin watsa labarai na sadarwa
Taron Zaman Lafiya
Haɗin kai.

Turai

A matakin Turai, dokoki uku ne ke kare haƙƙoƙi na asali:

Yarjejeniyar Hakki na Musamman na Tarayyar Turai
Muhimman 'Yanci na Tarayyar Turai
Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam

Japan

A Japan, haƙƙoƙin asali da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Japan ya kare sun haɗa da: ^[11]

'Yancin Jama'a, gami da' yancin 'yanci da' yanci na faɗar albarkacin baki, tunani, lamiri da addini
Hakkin zamantakewa, gami da haƙƙin samun ilimi da haƙƙin kula da mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodin rayuwa mai kyau da al'aduhaƙƙin kula da mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodin rayuwa mai kyau da al'ada

Indiya

Akwai hakkoki guda shida da aka amince da su a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Indiya:

haƙƙin daidaito (Mataki 14-18): Mataki na 14: Daidaitawa a gaban doka Mataki na 15: Hana nuna bambanci bisa tushen addini, kabilanci, jinsi, ko wurin haihuwa Mataki na 16: Daidaitaccen dama a cikin al'amuran aikin jama'a Mataki na 17: Cire rashin taɓa Mataki na 18: Cire lakabi
- Mataki na 14: Daidaitawa a gaban doka
- Mataki na 15: Hana nuna bambanci bisa tushen addini, launin fata, matsayi, jima'i, ko wurin haihuwa
- Mataki na 16: Daidaitawar dama a cikin al'amuran aikin jama'a
- Mataki na 17: Cire abubuwan da ba za a iya taɓa su ba
- Mataki na 18: Cire lakabi
'yancin' yanci (Mataki na 19, 22): Mataki na 19: Kare wasu' yanci game da' yancin magana, faɗar albarkacin baki, taro, ƙungiya, motsi, da zama Mataki na 20: Kariya game da yanke hukunci ga laifuka Mataki na 21: Kare rayuwa da' yanci na mutum Mataki na 21A: 'Yancin ilimi
- Mataki na 19: Kare wasu hakkoki game da 'yancin magana, faɗar albarkacin baki, taro, ƙungiya, motsi, da zama
- Mataki na 20: Kariya game da hukunci ga laifuka
- Mataki na 21: Kare rayuwa da 'yancin mutum
- Mataki na 21A: Hakkin ilimi
haƙƙin cin zarafi (Mataki na 23-24): Mataki na 23: Hana fataucin mutane da aikin tilas Mataki na 24: Hana aikin yara
- Mataki na 23: Hana fataucin mutane da aikin tilas
- Mataki na 24: haramta aikin yara
'yancin' yancin addini (Mataki 25-28): Mataki na 25: 'Yanci na lamiri da' yancin aiki, aiki, da yaduwar addini Mataki na 26: 'Yanci don gudanar da harkokin addini Mataki ya 27: 'Yanci daga biyan haraji don inganta kowane addini Mataki: 'Yanci da halartar koyarwar addini ko ibada a wasu cibiyoyin ilimi
- Mataki na 25: 'Yanci na lamiri da' yancin aiki, aiki, da yaduwar addini
- Mataki na 26: 'Yanci don gudanar da harkokin addini
- Mataki na 27: 'Yanci daga biyan haraji don inganta kowane addini
- Mataki na 28: 'Yanci daga halartar koyarwar addini ko bautar a wasu cibiyoyin ilimi
Hakkin al'adu da ilimi (Mataki na 29-30): Mataki na 29: Kare bukatun 'yan tsiraru Mataki na 30: Hakkin' yan tsiraru don kafawa da gudanar da cibiyoyin ilimi
- Mataki na 29: Kare bukatun 'yan tsiraru
- Mataki na 30: Hakkin 'yan tsiraru don kafawa da gudanar da cibiyoyin ilimi
haƙƙin warwarewar tsarin mulki (Mataki na 32 da 226): ^[12] Mataki na 32: Hakkin matsa Kotun Koli don aiwatar da Hakki na Musamman Mataki na 226: Ikon Kotuna Masu Girma don bayar da wasu umarni don aiwatar da hakkoki na Musamman [2]
- Mataki na 32: Hakkin matsa Kotun Koli don aiwatar da Hakki na Musamman
- Mataki na 226: Ikon Kotuna Masu Girma don bayar da wasu takardun shaida don aiwatar da Hakki na Musamman ^[13]

Amurka

Kodayake yawancin haƙƙoƙin asali ana ɗaukar su a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam, rarraba haƙƙin a matsayin "babban" yana kiran takamaiman gwajin shari'a da kotunan ke amfani da su don ƙayyade yanayin da aka ƙuntata wanda gwamnatin Amurka da gwamnatocin jihohi daban-daban zasu iya iyakance waɗannan haƙƙoƙinsa. A cikin irin wannan yanayin shari'a, kotuna suna tantance ko haƙƙoƙi suna da mahimmanci ta hanyar nazarin tushen tarihi na waɗancan haƙƙoƙin da kuma ƙayyade ko kariya ta kasance wani ɓangare na al'ada mai tsawo. Musamman, kotuna suna duban ko haƙƙin "ya samo asali ne daga al'adunmu da lamirin mutanenmu don a sanya shi a matsayin mahimmanci. " Jihohi daban-daban na iya tabbatar da wasu haƙƙoƙi a matsayin mahimmanci". Wato, Jihohi na iya ƙarawa ga haƙƙoƙi na asali amma ba za su taɓa raguwa ba kuma ba za su iya keta haƙƙoƙin asali ta hanyar hanyoyin majalisa ba. Duk wani irin wannan yunkuri, idan aka kalubalanci, na iya haɗawa da sake dubawa "mai tsauri" a kotu.

Manazarta

↑ Doss, Eric. "Sustainable Development Goal 16". United Nations and the Rule of Law (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-09-25.
↑ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 1".
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 9".
↑ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 12".
↑ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 17".
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 18".
↑ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 19".
↑ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21".
↑ "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 22".
↑ "Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms". Efc.ca. Archived from the original on 2018-12-12. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
↑ "Introduction". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
↑ "The Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. November 26, 2021. pp. 37–51. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
↑ "List of Important Articles in Constitution of India". Adda247 (in Turanci). 28 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[1] Doss, Eric. "Sustainable Development Goal 16". United Nations and the Rule of Law (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-09-25.

[2] "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 1".

[hrweb1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 9".

[4] "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 12".

[hrweb2-5] "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 17".

[hrweb-18-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 18".

[7] "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 19".

[8] "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21".

[9] "International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 22".

[10] "Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms". Efc.ca. Archived from the original on 2018-12-12. Retrieved 2012-11-05.

[11] "Introduction". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 2022-02-23.

[12] "The Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. November 26, 2021. pp. 37–51. Retrieved May 16, 2022.

[13] "List of Important Articles in Constitution of India". Adda247 (in Turanci). 28 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

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