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Hakkin LGBTQI+ a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

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Hakkin LGBTQI+ a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
legal term or legal concept (en) Fassara da declaration (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na ƙunshiya
Fuskar international law (en) Fassara da Hakkokin Yan-adam
Agent of action (en) Fassara Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Tattaunawar haƙƙin LGBTQI+ a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun haɗa da kudurori da maganganun haɗin gwiwa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHRC), da kula da hanyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƙwararru ke jagoranta (kamar Ƙungiyoyin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Tsari na Musamman), da kuma hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Ya zuwa 2025, ana yin auren jinsi guda bisa doka kuma an amince da shi a kasashe 37 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[1][2]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun da aka kafa ta a cikin 1945, ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba su tattauna haƙƙin LGBTQ ba (game da daidaito ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jima'i ko asalin jinsi ba) har zuwa 1994 ta hanyar kyakkyawan ƙuduri na shari'ar Toonen v. Ostiraliya ta Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2003, Brazil ta gabatar da ƙuduri na hana nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i ga Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Koyaya, a cikin muhawara da ta biyo baya Hukumar ta kada kuri'a don jinkirta tattaunawa game da ƙudurin har zuwa shekara ta 2004. [3]

A cikin watan Disamba na 2006, tattaunawar ta fadada har ta haɗa da asalin jinsi, lokacin da Norway ta gabatar da wata sanarwa ta haɗin gwiwa game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam dangane da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi a hukumar kare hakkin ɗan adam a madadin jihohi 54. Hakan ya biyo bayan sanarwar hadin gwiwa da Argentina ta gabatar a madadin kasashe 66 a cikin watan Disambar 2008. Sanarwar da aka fitar ta 2008 na nuna goyon baya ga haƙƙin LGBTQ a zauren taron ya haifar da wata sanarwa da Ƙungiyar Larabawa da Ƙungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci ta goyi bayan haƙƙin LGBTQ. Dukkanin bayanan sun kasance a buɗe don sanya hannu, kuma ba a amince da su a hukumance daga Babban taron ba.

A ranar 17 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2011, Afirka ta Kudu ta jagoranci wani kuduri a UNHRC inda ta nemi Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam (OHCHR) ya tsara wani rahoto "yana rubuce-rubuce da dokoki da ayyuka da ayyukan tashin hankali ga mutane bisa ga yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi" don bin diddigin da aiwatar da Sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki. [4] Kudurin ya wuce da kuri'u 23 a cikin goyon baya zuwa 19 a kan, tare da 3 abstentions. Wannan shi ne na farko irin wannan ƙuduri kuma an yaba da shi a matsayin "tarihi".

Rahoton, wanda ya fito a watan Disamba na 2011, ya tattara bayanan take haƙƙin ɗan adam dangane da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi, ciki har da laifukan ƙiyayya, aikata laifukan luwadi, da nuna wariya. Babbar kwamishina Navi Pillay ta yi kira da a daidaita shekarun yarda; cikakkun dokoki game da nuna bambanci dangane da yanayin jima'i; gaggawar bincike da rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na ƙiyayya; soke dokokin da ke hukunta liwadi; da sauran matakan tabbatar da kare haƙƙin mutanen LGBTQ.[5] Rubutun rahoton daga UNHRC an rubuta shi ne a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2011.

A cikin Yuli 2014, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (a matsayin mai aiki) ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta ba da fa'ida daidai ga ma'aikata a cikin ƙungiyoyin jima'i da aka shiga cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka dace.[6]

A watan Satumbar 2014, Brazil, Chile, Colombia da Uruguay sun jagoranci wani kuduri na gaba a UNHRC. Wannan ƙuduri na biyu game da "yancin ɗan adam, yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi" [7] ya wuce tare da karuwar ƙuri'un kuri'u (25 zuwa 14, 7 abstentions), yana nuna yanayin karuwar goyon baya daga jihohin membobin don magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin duniya. [8] Ya nemi Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya sabunta rahoton 2011 "tare da ra'ayin raba kyawawan ayyuka da hanyoyin da za a shawo kan tashin hankali da nuna bambanci, don amfani da dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya da ka'idoji". An gabatar da sabuntawa ga Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a watan Yunin 2015.

A cikin 2016, UNHRC ta zartar da wani kuduri na nada kwararre mai zaman kansa don gano musabbabin cin zarafi da nuna wariya ga mutane saboda jinsinsu da yanayin jima'i, tare da tattaunawa da gwamnatoci kan yadda za a kare wadannan mutane. Ana ganin wannan umarni na OHCHR na dogon lokaci a matsayin "mafi yawan bayyana 'yancin ɗan luwaɗi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya".

Har ila yau a cikin 2016, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi Allah wadai da harbin gidan rawa na Orlando; wannan sanarwa ta kasance karo na farko da Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi amfani da harshe wajen gane tashin hankali da aka yi wa al'ummar LGBT.[9]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samfuri:World homosexuality laws mapA cikin 1980s, farkon rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan cutar HIV/AIDS ya yi nuni da luwadi.

A cikin yanke shawara ta 1994 a Toonen v. Ostiraliya, Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya—wanda ke da alhakin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan ‘Yancin Bil Adama da Siyasa (ICCPR)—ya bayyana cewa dokokin da ke haramta huldar jinsi daya tsakanin manya sun saba wa dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa da kasa.

A watan Satumbar 1995, yanayin jima'i ya zama batun muhawara a cikin tattaunawar kan Draft na 1995 Beijing Platform for Action [10] a 4th World Conference on Women .[11][12][13] Duk da yake an cire yaren da aka gabatar game da "tsarin jima'i" daga rubutun, shi ne karo na farko da gwamnatoci suka dauki matsayi na jama'a da bayyane don ko a kan hadawa da kuma amincewa da yanayin jima'i a matsayin wani ɓangare na haƙƙin mata na sarrafa jima'i. A wannan taron, Beverley Palesa Ditsie ya zama mutum na farko da ya bayyana a fili don magance Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da batutuwan LGBT, yana kira ga Jihohi su karɓi ƙuduri waɗanda suka amince da bambancin jima'i.

A shekara ta 2003, Brazil ta gabatar da wani kuduri a hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda ta jaddada cewa hakkin dan Adam ya shafi dukkan bil'adama ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jima'i ba. An jinkirta wannan kuduri har abada (Hukumar da kanta ta daina a 2006 lokacin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta maye gurbinsa da Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam). Tun daga shekara ta 2008, kasashe 34 mambobi na kungiyar Amurka sun amince da jerin kudurori da ke tabbatar da cewa kare hakkin bil'adama ya shafi yanayin jima'i da jinsi. Tun daga shekara ta 2002, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya haɗa da ambaton yanayin jima'i a cikin ƙudurinsa na shekaru biyu game da kisa na waje, taƙaitaccen da na son rai, kamar yadda tsohon Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta yi a shekara ta 2000 kuma daga 2002 zuwa 2005.[14] Wannan na ƙarshe ya kuma magance amfani da hukuncin kisa don jima'i tsakanin manya masu yarda a cikin ƙudurin shekara-shekara game da hukuncin kisa tsakanin 2002 da 2005. [8]

Ya zuwa shekarar 2010, dangantakar jinsi daya ta sabawa doka a kasashe 76 kuma an yanke hukuncin kisa a cikin biyar.[15]

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kudurin Majalisar game da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ya kuma shafi sanin jinsi a matsayin tushen kariya.[8]

Magana ta hadin gwiwa

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Jerin kalamai na hadin gwiwa kan yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi da kasashe mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka yi a babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama tsakanin 2006 da 2011 sun ba da shaida na kara goyon baya ga batutuwa a tsakanin kasashe mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. [16]

Bayan tarurruka tsakanin shugaban bayar da shawarwari na kasa da kasa Louis-Georges Tin da Ministan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da Harkokin Waje na Faransa Rama Yade a farkon shekara ta 2008, Yade ta sanar da cewa za ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don kawar da laifin luwadi a duniya; da sauri aka dauki roko a matsayin damuwa ta kasa da kasa. Da Faransa (wanda a lokacin ya rike shugabancin sauyawa na EU) da Netherlands suka tallafawa, an yi niyyar sanarwar a matsayin ƙuduri; an yanke shawarar amfani da tsarin sanarwar ƙayyadadden rukuni na jihohi saboda babu isasshen goyon baya don karɓar ƙuduri na hukuma ta Babban Taron gaba ɗaya. An karanta sanarwar a cikin Babban Taron da Jakadan Jorge Argüello na Argentina ya yi a ranar 18 ga Disamba 2008 - sanarwar farko game da haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi da aka karanta a Babban Taron.[17] Sanarwar ta haɗa da hukunta tashin hankali, cin zarafi, nuna bambanci, warewa, nuna bambancin ra'ayi, da nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i da jinsi wanda ke lalata amincin mutum da mutunci. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da hukunta kisan kai da kisa, azabtarwa, Kamawa da gangan, da kuma hana haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu a kan waɗannan dalilai. Sanarwar ta tabbatar da cewa: "mun tuna da sanarwa a 2006 a gaban Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta kasashe hamsin da hudu da ke neman Shugaban Majalisar ya samar da dama, a zaman da ya dace na Majalisar a nan gaba, don tattauna waɗannan keta doka". Bugu da ƙari, ya ce "mun yaba da kulawar da aka ba wa waɗancan batutuwan ta hanyar hanyoyin musamman na Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam da ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya kuma muna ƙarfafa su su ci gaba da haɗa la'akari da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam bisa ga yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi a cikin aikinsu mai dacewa", yana nuna Ka'idodin Yogyakarta, waɗanda ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da yanayin jima'ila da asalin jinsi azaman takarda akan Dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya.

Taimako

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masu magana da yawa da ke jawabi a taron kan sanarwar sun lura cewa a kasashe da yawa dokokin da ke adawa da luwadi sun samo asali ne daga mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da kuma dalilai na addini ko al'ada. Da yake nuna goyon bayan Faransa ga sanarwar, Rama Yade ya tambayi: "Ta yaya za mu iya jure gaskiyar cewa ana jajjefe mutane, ana rataye su, ana yanke musu kawuna kuma ana azabtar da su ne kawai saboda yanayin jima'i?" [18] Mai fafutuka na Burtaniya Peter Tatchell ya ce game da sanarwar:

Wannan shi ne tarihi a cikin samar da… Tabbatar da wannan sanarwa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sakamakon wani yunƙuri ne na gamayya na duniya da yawa na LGBT da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam. Hadin gwiwarmu, hadin kai da hadin kanmu sun yi mana wannan nasara. Kazalika IDAHO, ina jinjinawa gudunmawa da fafutuka na Amnesty International; ARC International; Cibiyar Shugabancin Mata ta Duniya; COC Netherlands; Hakkokin Duniya; Human Rights Watch; Kwamitin kasa da kasa na IDAHO (Ranar Yaki da Homophobia); Hukumar 'Yan Luwadi ta Duniya da Madigo (IGLHRC); Ƙungiyar Madigo ta Duniya (ILGA); Ma'aikatar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya; Pan Africa ILGA; da Public Services International.[19]

Wadanda suka sanya hannu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kasashe 96 membobi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun dauki nauyin ayyana goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBTQ+ a cikin Babban Taro, a cikin UNHRC, ko a duka biyun. Kasashe masu daukar nauyin an jera su a kasa.[20][21]  

Hamayya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Daga cikin na farko da ya yi adawa da sanarwar, a farkon watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, shi ne Mai Tsaro na Dindindin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Archbishop Celestino Migliore, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da sanarwar don tilasta ƙasashe su amince da auren jinsi ɗaya: "Idan an karɓa, za su haifar da sabon nuna bambanci. Misali, jihohin da ba su amince da haɗin jinsi ɗaya a matsayin 'auren aure' za a yi musu ba kuma a sanya su abu na matsin lamba. " Babban bangare na batun batun batun batun adawa da rubutun Vatican. A cikin wata sanarwa a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba, Archbishop Migliore ya lura cewa: "Musamman, rukunin 'yancin jima'i'i' da 'masu jinsi', waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin rubutun, ba su sami amincewa ko bayyanawa da amincewa da ma'anar a cikin dokar kasa da kasa ba. Za su haifar da rashin tabbas a cikin doka da kuma lalata ikon jihohin da ke shiga da kuma aiwatar da sabon tsarin kula da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Vatican a halin yanzu.

Amurka, da ke ambaton rikice-rikice da dokar Amurka, [15] da farko ta yi tsayayya da karɓar matakin da ba a tilasta ba, kamar yadda Rasha, China, Mai Tsarki, da membobin kungiyar hadin kan Musulunci (OIC). Gwamnatin Obama ta canza matsayin Amurka don tallafawa matakin a watan Fabrairun 2009. Wani madadin sanarwa, wanda kasashe mambobi 57 suka goyi bayan, wakilin Siriya ya karanta shi a Babban Taron. [22] Sanarwar da OIC ke jagoranta ta ki amincewa da ra'ayin cewa yanayin jima'i lamari ne na ƙididdigar kwayar halitta kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa sanarwar ta yi barazanar lalata tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya, [18] ta kara da cewa sanarwa "ta shiga cikin batutuwan da suka fada cikin ikon cikin gida na jihohi" kuma na iya haifar da "daidaita zamantakewa, kuma yiwuwar halatta, na ayyukan da yawa ciki har da paedophilia. "[15]

OIC ta kasa a cikin wani yunkuri mai alaƙa da shi na share kalmar nan "tsarin jima'i" daga wani ƙuduri na Sweden wanda ke goyon bayan hukunta kisan gilla. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, an cire wannan magana (tare da kuri'u 79 zuwa 70) sannan daga baya aka mayar da ita (ta hanyar kuri'u 93 zuwa 55). [23][24]

Wadanda suka sanya hannu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekara ta 2008, kasashe 57 membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da farko sun dauki nauyin sanarwar adawa.[25] Kasashe uku (Fiji, Ruwanda da Saliyo) daga baya sun canza matsayinsu don goyan bayan kudurin farko na goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBTQ+ a cikin 2011, inda suka bar ƙasashe 54 a matsayin masu ɗaukar nauyin sanarwar da ke adawa da haƙƙin LGBTQ+. Kasashen da suka cire kansu a matsayin masu daukar nauyin wannan sanarwa da ke adawa da haƙƙin LGBTQ+ ana lura da su musamman a ƙasa (duk daga baya sun ɗauki nauyin sanarwar da ke tallafawa haƙƙin LGBTQ+).  

Ka guji

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wadanda suka sanya hannu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kasashe 41 membobi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun dauki nauyin ayyana kauracewa hakkin LGBTQ+ a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a cikin UNHRC, ko a duka biyun. Kasashe masu daukar nauyin an jera su a kasa.[20][21]

Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar LGBTI ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kafa ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a cikin 2008 don mai da hankali kan haƙƙin LGBTI a tsakanin gwamnatoci - ta (mafi mahimmanci) haɗin gwiwar da ke gudana tsakanin Global South da Global North. Tun daga shekarar 2022, Kungiyar LGBTI Core Group ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Argentina da Netherlands kuma sun hada da Albania, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Faransa, Jamus, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Isra'ila, Italiya, Japan, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, New Zealand, Peru, Mac, New Zealand, New Zealand, New Zealand, Peru, Mac, Norway, New Zealand, New Zealand, Mac, Peru, New Zealand. Spain, Birtaniya, Amurka, Uruguay, Tarayyar Turai (a matsayin mai sa ido), da kuma ofishin hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Hukumar zartarwa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya) da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda biyu: Human Rights Watch da OutRight Action International. [26][27]

Tattaunawar da ba a bayyana ba ga jama'a a UNHQ na faruwa sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara kuma ana sanar da RSVP akai-akai akan Twitter. Wani taron da aka gudanar a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2015 ya kalli Farashin Tattalin Arziki na Ware LGBT kuma ya ba da tasirin kasafin kuɗi daga ayyukan keɓancewa daga Bankin Duniya wanda ya ƙiyasta shi ya zama kashi 5% na GDP kuma ya haɗa da bidiyo na abokin tarayya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar ta Kamfen Kyauta & Daidaito. UNDP ta sanar da ƙaddamar da Index ɗinsu na LGBTI Inclusions, tarin bayanai na duniya wanda suke fatan zai taimaka wajen karkatar da hankali da kuma motsa ƙasashe zuwa ga matsananciyar yunwa ko samar da ruwa mai tsafta za a iya gyara idan an sake mayar da wannan kashi 5% na GDP. A waccan taron, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ci gaba Pro kyakkyawar makoma ga 'yan LGBTQ+. Wani batu mai magana a wannan rana shi ne Shugaba na Out & Equal wanda ya ba da labarin kokarinta na shekaru 20 da ke aiki tare da Fortune 500 da kamfanoni 1000 suna kallon su sun tashi daga kashi 5% a cikin 1995 zuwa kashi 90 cikin 2015. A 20 Satumba 2017, Ƙungiyar ta gudanar da wani taron mai suna Ending Violence and Disrimination against GB. Wannan ya hada da rahotannin kai tsaye na take hakkin Dan Adam. Don 17 ga Mayu 2018, a Ranar Duniya ta Duniya Against Homophobia, Transphobia da Biphobia, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya LGBTI Core Group Special Event Celebrating Our Allies bude tare da jawabin jakadan Burtaniya.

A lokacin taron kungiyar LGBTI ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2018, Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam Michelle Bachelet ya ce: [28] [29] [30][31]

Fiye da ƙasashe 70 suna aikata laifin alaƙar jima'i da aka amince da su, kuma suna aikata laifukan transgender bisa ga kamanninsu. Waɗannan dokokin suna ɗaukar mutanen LGBTQ+ hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, kuma a wasu lokuta hukumcin jiki. Suna kuma ƙarfafa son zuciya, ƙiyayya da tashin hankali a fakaice. Amma dokoki na iya canzawa… muna buƙatar ganin ƙarin ƙasashe suna ɗaukar matakai don samar da dokokinsu da ayyukansu daidai da ainihin daidaiton dukkan mutanensu. Yana da mahimmanci mu kare da kare al'ummar LGBTI, daga kowane irin tashin hankali da wariya. Bai kamata a sami wani abu 'mai da'awa' game da hana mutane kisan gilla, ko kisa daga jami'an Gwamnati, kawai saboda su waye ko wanda suke so. Magance matsanancin tashin hankali baya buƙatar sabbin ƙa'idodi.

Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

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Wani ƙuduri da Afirka ta Kudu ta gabatar yana neman binciken kan nuna bambanci da yanayin jima'i (A / HRC / RES/17/19) ya wuce, 23 zuwa 19, tare da 3 abstentions, a cikin UNHRC a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2011. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kowace kungiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri da ke tabbatar da haƙƙin mutanen LGBTQ +. Kudurin ya yi kira ga ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam Navi Pillay da ya tsara rahoton farko na Majalisar Dinkinobho "yana rubuta dokoki da ayyuka da ayyukan nuna bambanci ga mutane bisa ga yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi". Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi a kan wannan ƙuduri kamar haka:

Rahoton Babban Kwamishinan, wanda aka saki Disamba 2011, ya gano cewa cin zarafi ga mutanen LGBTQ+ ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa "ƙasashe saba'in da shida suna riƙe da dokokin da ake amfani da su don hukunta mutane bisa tushen jima'i ko asalin jinsi" (shafi na 40), kuma "Aƙalla ƙasashe biyar za a iya zartar da hukuncin kisa ga waɗanda aka samu da laifin aikata laifin yin luwadi". 45).[32]

Rahoton Babban Kwamishina ya jagoranci taron tattaunawa da Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta yi a watan Maris na 2012. An sake bayyana bambancin rabe-raben Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (da majalisar musamman). Tsohon Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana tashin hankali da wariyar launin fata da aka danganta da yanayin jima'i a matsayin "babban bala'i ga wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma tabo kan fahimtar gama gari" (sa na 3), wasu da dama kuma sun bayyana irin wannan damuwar. Duk da haka, "Jihohi da yawa sun nuna adawarsu ga duk wani tattaunawa game da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi ta hanyar barin zauren majalisar a farkon taron", da kuma "Wasu lamba sun bayyana adawarsu kan al'adu ko addini, ko kuma sun yi jayayya cewa yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi wani sabon ra'ayi ne da ke waje da tsarin dokokin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa" (shafi na 11).[33]

UNHRC ta karɓi ƙuduri na biyu da ya shafi yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2014 (A / HRC / RES / 27 / 32).[34][35] Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ƙudurin ya kira rahoto daga Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam game da mafi kyawun ayyuka don yaki da nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i ko asalin jinsi. Ya wuce ta hanyar kuri'u 25 zuwa 14, wanda ke nuna karo na farko da UNHRC ta karɓi ƙuduri game da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi tare da yawancin membobinta.[34][35] Zaɓin ƙuduri na biyu ya kasance kamar haka:

Masanin Mai Zaman Kanta kan Jima'i da Gender Identity

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A cikin 2016, UNHRC ta zartar da ƙuduri don nada gwani mai zaman kansa don gano abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali da nuna bambanci ga mutane saboda asalin jinsi da yanayin jima'i, da kuma tattauna da gwamnatoci game da yadda za a kare waɗancan mutane.[36] Dangane da haka, Vitit Muntarbhorn, farfesa a fannin shari'a na kasa da kasa na Thai wanda ya goge a cikin aikin gona na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, shi ne kwararren kwararre na farko na Majalisar Dattijai kan kariya daga tashin hankali da nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi (IE-SOGI). Victor Madrigal-Borloz, wani lauyan Costa Rican da ke da ƙwarewa a cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya, ya fara 1 ga Janairun 2018 a matsayin mai riƙe da umarni na biyu kuma na yanzu.[37] A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin 2019, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta zartar da kuri'a don sabunta wannan matsayi na wasu shekaru uku.[38] A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 2025, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta zartar da kuri'a don sabunta wannan matsayi na wasu shekaru uku.[39]

Shawarwarin haƙƙin jima'i

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A cikin Maris 2019, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ba tare da jefa kuri'a ba wani kuduri da Afirka ta Kudu ta gabatar game da 'yancin yin jima'i wanda "yana nuna damuwa game da ka'idoji, dokoki da ayyuka na wariya da ke buƙatar wasu 'yan wasa mata da 'yan mata da su rage yawan matakan testosterone na jininsu ta hanyar fuskantar rashin amfani, wulakanci da cutarwa hanyoyin likita ko gasa na hormone don shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki na mata". Kudurin ya kuma bukaci ofishin hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya shirya wani rahoto kan "matsakaici tsakanin kabilanci da wariyar jinsi a wasanni". Kudurin "ya amince da nau'o'in wariyar launin fata da yawa da mata da 'yan mata ke fuskanta a fagen wasanni, saboda launin fata da jima'i", da "yancin mutuncin jiki da cin gashin kansa, da dai sauransu".[40]

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri tare da fa'ida mai zurfi, mai taken "Yaki da nuna bambanci, tashin hankali da ayyukan da ke da lahani ga mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i". [41] Australia, Chile, Finland da Afirka ta Kudu ne suka jagoranci ƙuduri. An karbe shi ta hanyar kuri'un 24 da suka goyi bayan, babu wanda ya yi adawa kuma 23 sun guje.[42] Shawarwarin "Yana nuna damuwa mai tsanani game da tashin hankali da ayyukan da ke da lahani da mutanen da ke da bambance-bambance na jima'i, gami da yara, ke fuskanta a duk yankuna na duniya, gami leken lafiya mara amfani ko kuma jinkirta shiga tsakani, wanda zai iya zama ba za a iya juyawa ba, dangane da halaye na jima'in, wanda aka yi ba tare da cikakken yardar mutum ba, kuma a cikin yanayin yara ba tare da bin tanadin Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara ba. [41] Har ila yau, ya nemi Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don shirya tattaunawa a watan Satumba na 2025.[es][41]

Sakatare Janar da Sakatariyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

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A ranar 25 ga Satumba 2018, Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya António Guterres ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga wani yunkuri na mutunta hakkin LGBTQ+. A cikin jawabin da aka riga aka yi rikodin, ya yi jawabi ga membobin UN LGBTI Core Group. Ya kuma yabawa Indiya bisa halatta yin jima'i da luwadi bayan da aka soke sashe na 377. Ya shaida wa mahalarta taron cewa: "Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tsaya tsayin daka wajen kare hakkin al'ummar LGBTI. Yawancin mambobinta ana tsare da su a kurkuku, da cin zarafi har ma da kashe su kawai saboda su wanene ko wanda suke so." Ya kara da cewa: "An samu ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ciki har da wannan watan tare da hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta Indiya ta yanke. Amma muddin mutane suna fuskantar laifuka, son rai da tashin hankali dangane da yanayin jima'i, asalin jinsi ko halayen jima'i, dole ne mu rubanya kokarinmu na kawo karshen wadannan cin zarafi. Yayin da muke bikin cika shekaru 70 na Yarjejeniya ta Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan Adam, bari in jaddada cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba za ta taba yin watsi da mutunci ba kuma kowa ya yi yaki a cikin 'yanci har sai Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba za ta taba yin watsi da mutunci ba. hakkoki." Jawabin nasa ya samu karbuwa daga masu fafutuka na LGBTQ+, wadanda suka yaba da shi a matsayin mataki mai karfafa gwiwa.[43][44][45][46][47]

Kula da ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

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A cikin Yuli 2014, an sanar da cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (a matsayin mai aiki) za ta ba da fa'ida daidai ga ma'aikatanta waɗanda suka shiga ƙungiyoyin jima'i a yankunan da suke da doka. A karkashin sabuwar manufar, ma'aikatan da suka auri ma'aurata a wani yanki na yanki, za su sami fa'ida da kuma karramawa kamar na masu auren jinsi, ba tare da la'akari da ko auren jinsi ya halatta a kasarsu ta zama 'yan kasa ba. Tsohon Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya goyi bayan wani yunkuri na mutunta 'yancin 'yan luwadi. Ya ce: "Hakkin bil'adama shine jigon manufar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ina alfahari da tsayawa tsayin daka wajen samar da daidaito ga dukkan ma'aikata, kuma ina kira ga dukkanin danginmu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da su hada kai wajen kin amincewa da 'yan luwadi a matsayin nuna wariya da ba za a taba yarda da ita a wuraren aikinmu ba. "[48]

Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyi

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Hukumomi da ƙungiyoyi a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun ƙara magance batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi yanayin jima'i, asalin jinsi, da matsayin jima'i a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.[8] Wani muhimmin abu ne na farko a shekarar 1994 lokacin da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta bayyana cewa luwadi ba matsala ba ce ko cuta ba lokacin da ta cire yanayin jima'i daga Rarraba cututtuka ta Duniya.[8]

Tun daga wannan lokacin wasu hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗa batutuwan da suka shafi mutanen LGBTI cikin aikinsu, gami da OHCHR, Shirin Ci gaban Majalisar Dinkinobho (UNDP), UNICEF, UNESCO, Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkinoki na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR), Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya (ILO), Asusun Jama'ar Majalisar Dinkin duniya (UNFPA), da Shirin Haɗin Kai na Majalisar Dinkin gwiwa kan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). [8] Misali, a cikin 2013 ILO ta ba da sakamakon binciken matukin jirgi kan nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi; [8] a cikin 2014, UNDP ta fitar da takarda ta tattaunawa game da lafiyar transgender da haƙƙin ɗan adam; Hakanan a wannan shekarar, UNICEF ta buga takarda game da kawar da nuna bambanci ga yara da iyaye bisa ga yanayin jinsi da / ko asalin jinsi; kuma, tun daga 2013, OHCHR ta sadaukar da ƙoƙari don samar da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a, Free & Equal, game da haƙƙin bil'adama.[8]

A cikin 2014, OHCHR, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO, Bankin Duniya, da UNAIDS sun ba da rahoton hadin gwiwa wanda ke ba da hoton aikin ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don yaƙar wariya da tashin hankali dangane da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi da ayyukan da suka danganci tallafawa LGBTI a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jerin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. rahotanni, da sauran kayan da za a iya tuntuɓar su don ƙarin bayani.[8]

A cikin 2015, ILO, OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, UN Women, WFP, da WHO sun fitar da sanarwar hadin gwiwa suna kira ga jihohi da su gaggauta kawo karshen cin zarafi da nuna wariya ga manya, matasa, da yara na LGBTI. [8]

Dubi kuma

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  • Hakkin LGBTQ ta ƙasa ko yanki
  • Vitit Muntarbhorn, Masanin farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan tashin hankali da nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i da jinsi
  • Victor Madrigal-Borloz, Masanin Kasuwanci na biyu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan tashin hankali da nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i da jinsi.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

Haɗin waje

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  1. ↑ "Marriage Equality Around the World". Human Rights Campaign (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-02-05. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  2. ↑ "The Dutch went first in 2001; who has same-sex marriage now?". Associated Press. 28 April 2021.
  3. ↑ IGLHRC (2003). "Resolution on Sexual Orientation and Human Rights - United Nations Commission on Human Rights - IGLHRC Campaign Dossier" (PDF). IGLHRC. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  4. ↑ "Follow-up and implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action". United Nations General Assembly. 14 July 2011. A/HRC/RES/17/19. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  5. ↑ "UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people". United Nations. 15 December 2011.
  6. ↑ "UN widens its same-sex marriage policy to include all legally-married staff | UN News". news.un.org (in Turanci). 2014-07-08. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  7. ↑ "HRC resolution 27/32 on "human rights & SOGI"". ap.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 "Norms, case law and practices relevant to sexual orientation, gender identity and intersex status in the United Nations system (Annex 6)" (PDF).
  9. ↑ "UN Acknowledges Human Rights Violation Against LGBT Community". Voice of America. 2016-06-14. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  10. ↑ "Women's Sexual Autonomy Universality, Sexual Rights, and Sexual Orientation at". Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  11. ↑ "Vol 16, No 3 (1996)". cws.journals.yorku.ca (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  12. ↑ "SexPolitics - Front Lines". www.sxpolitics.org. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  13. ↑ Girard, Françoise. "Negotiating Sexual Rights and Sexual Orientation at the UN" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  14. ↑ "UNGA 77: Resolution on Extrajudicial and Arbitrary Executions adopted again with a reference to sexual orientation and gender identity". International Service for Human Rights (ISHR). 2022. This year marks the twentieth anniversary of this resolution including a reference to ‘sexual orientation’ and the tenth anniversary of it including a reference to ‘sexual orientation and gender identity
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "State-sponsored Homophobia" (PDF). The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-22.
  16. ↑ "SOGI Joint Statements".
  17. ↑ "GENERAL ASSEMBLY ADOPTS 52 RESOLUTIONS, 6 DECISIONS RECOMMENDED BY THIRD COMMITTEE ON WIDE RANGE OF HUMAN RIGHTS, SOCIAL, HUMANITARIAN ISSUES". United Nations Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nyt-art
  19. ↑ Tatchell, Peter (18 December 2008). "66 countries sign UN gay rights statement". Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights » US Mission Geneva". Geneva.usmission.gov. 22 March 2011. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "UN: Landmark Resolution on Anti-Gay Bias | Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 27 September 2014.
  22. ↑ "Microsoft Word - 10.3_GLBT_UN.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  23. ↑ "GA Third Committee deletes 'sexual orientation' from resolution on extrajudicial executions". Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  24. ↑ "Civil Society Pressures Governments to Successfully Reverse Discriminatory Vote at UN | OutRight". Iglhrc.org. 2010-12-21. Archived from the original on 2013-03-06. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  25. ↑ "General Assembly: 70th and 71st plenary meeting, morning session, 02:32:00". United Nations. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
  26. ↑ "Core Group History". unlgbticoregroup.org. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  27. ↑ "Keeping LGBT Rights Active on the UN Agenda | PassBlue". www.passblue.com (in Turanci). 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
  28. ↑ Duffy, Nick (27 September 2018). "UN chief praises India for axing anti-gay law, vows to 'stand up for' LGBT+ rights". PinkNews.
  29. ↑ "Violence against the LGBTI community: UN focuses on 'need to challenge hatred'". UN News. 27 September 2018.
  30. ↑ "LGBTI: Time to break the taboo of immortality, embrace the difference". United News of India. 26 September 2018.
  31. ↑ "UNHRC cites Indian apex court's ruling on gay sex, urges countries to amend laws". The News Indian Express. 26 September 2018.
  32. ↑ High Commissioner for Human Rights. "Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  33. ↑ Human Rights Council. "Human Rights Council panel on ending violence and discrimination against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity". Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Adam Howard (2014-05-01). "UN passes resolution on behalf of LGBT citizens around the globe". MSNBC. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "PH votes yes to landmark UN reso on gay rights". Rappler.com. 2014-09-27. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  36. ↑ 15 July 2016.
  37. ↑ 20 November 2017.
  38. ↑ Campaign, Human Rights. "U.N. Human Rights Council Votes in Favor of Independent Expert". Human Rights Campaign (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 29, 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  39. ↑ "UN votes to renew LGBTQ+ expert's mandate just after the US withdrew from Human Rights Council". lgbtqnation.com. Retrieved 2025-07-08.
  40. ↑ "FIRST UN RESOLUTION ON THE RIGHTS OF INTERSEX PERSONS: UN CALLS TO END DISCRIMINATION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SPORTS, INCLUDING WOMEN BORN WITH VARIATIONS OF SEX CHARACTERISTICS". ILGA. 22 March 2019.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "Combating discrimination, violence and harmful practices against intersex persons". Extranet, Human Rights Council. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  42. ↑ "Result of the Vote: A/HRC/55/L.9" (PDF). Extranet, Human Rights Council. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  43. ↑ "Secretary-General's video message to the Ministerial Level meeting of the UN LGBTI Core Group". United Nations Secretary-General. 25 September 2018.
  44. ↑ "UN Human Rights chief cites Indian apex court's ruling on gay sex, urges countries to amend laws". The Times of India. 26 September 2018.
  45. ↑ Glauert, Rik (26 September 2018). "We must 'redouble' efforts for LGBTI equality, says United Nations". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  46. ↑ "Gay Rights Activists Hail UN Chief's Support for LGBT Community". Voice of America. 26 September 2018.
  47. ↑ Greenhalgh, Hugo (26 September 2018). "Gay rights groups hail landmark U.N. chief speech backing LGBT+ community". Reuters.
  48. ↑ "United Nations will now recognize gay marriage". Archived from the original on 2014-10-18. Retrieved 2014-07-08.
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