Hakkin LGBTQ a Bangladesh

Hakkin LGBTQ a Bangladesh
Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki
Bayanai
Bangare na	LGBTQ in Bangladesh (en)
Ƙasa	Bangladash

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Bangladesh suna fuskantar ƙalubalen zamantakewa da shari'a da ba na LGBT ba.

Kwastam ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a karkashin Dokar Bangladesh, wanda aka gada daga sashin 377 na gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta 1860. A cewar doka, hukuncin da ake yi don yin jima'i na jinsi guda har zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai.

A cikin shekara ta 2014, hijras ta sami amincewar jinsi na uku wanda majalisar ministocin Bangladesh ta tsara, tare da jerin masu jefa kuri'a da ke ba da zaɓuɓɓukan jinsi na uku da 'yan takarar hijra da ke neman mukaman gwamnati.

An ƙi luwadi a ko'ina a Bangladesh ba tare da kariya ta doka daga nuna bambanci ba. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da kuma mutanen da ke nuna bambanci akai-akai suna ba da rahoton cin zarafi, nuna bambanci, da tashin hankali don asalin jinsi da yanayin Jima'i. Duk da yake hijras galibi ana karɓa kuma suna da muhimmiyar matsayi a tarihi, suna kuma fuskantar nuna bambanci mai tsanani da rashin daidaito ga ayyuka daban-daban na zamantakewa kamar gidaje da kiwon lafiya.

Aiwatarwa

Ana aikata luwadi a karkashin Sashe na 377 na Dokar Shari'a ta Bangladesh kuma ana iya hukunta shi da ɗaurin kurkuku. Kodayake ba a tilasta shi ba, ana amfani da shi don kamawa, tayar da hankali da kuma karkatar da mutane bisa ga yanayin jima'i.

An amince da hijra bisa doka a matsayin al'ummar 'yan tsiraru na jima'i, kodayake wasu al'ummomin mutanen da ba a san su ba.

A cikin 2022, Bangladesh ta nuna rashin gamsuwa da rahoton kare hakkin dan adam na Amurka wanda ya bayyana cewa an yi kama LGBTQ, yana mai cewa halin da ake ciki na tilasta dabi'un su a Bangladesh abin takaici ne, kuma cewa kamawar ba ta da kyau kamar yadda za su je kotun shari'a.

Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya

Sashe na 377 ("Lokacin da ba na halitta ba") na Dokar Shari'a ta haramta jima'i na baki da na baki, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi da yanayin jima'i ba na mahalarta:

Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.

Explanation: Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offence described in this section.

Matsayin Sashe na 377 ya kai ga duk wani jima'i da ya shafi saka jima'i. Don haka, ko da ayyukan jima'i na jima'i irin su fellatio da shiga cikin hanci na iya zama hukunci a karkashin wannan doka.

A cikin 2009 da 2013, Majalisar dokokin Bangladesh ta ki soke Sashe na 377.

Tarihi

  Kisan jinsi ya kasance haramtacciyar zamantakewa a tarihi a Bangladesh. Kodayake, gidajen karuwai na Bangladesh suna dauke da karuwanci maza ga abokan cinikin ɗan luwaɗi.

Dokoki na yau da kullun game da luwadi sun sanya su ne daga Burtaniya lokacin da Bangladesh ta kasance wani ɓangare na Indiya ta Burtaniya; an kafa su a 1860 ta hanyar Dokar Shari'a ta Indiya kuma sun fara aiki a 1862. Wadannan dokoki an kai su cikin Dokar Shari'a ta Pakistan bayan rabuwa da Indiya a 1947, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangare na dokar Bangladesh tun lokacin da ta sami 'yancin kai daga Pakistan a 1971. A cikin shekaru goma na 2010, an buga mujallar da ake kira Roopbaan, mujallar ta kasance don masu karatu gaba ɗaya waɗanda suka yada luwadi a fili a karon farko a kasar.

Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya

Dokar Bangladesh ba ta amince da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya, haɗin kai, ko kowane irin haɗin kai na cikin gida ga ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya kuma al'ummar Bangladesh ba ta yarda da su ba. Ko da dangantakar jima'i ta hanyar ra'ayin mazan jiya ta hana ta kamar yadda, a al'ada, al'umma ta dogara ne akan tsarin "auren da mai kula ya shirya". Sau da yawa ana bayar da rahoton jima'i iri ɗaya a Bangladesh. An tsare ma'aurata kuma hukumomi na iya ɗaure su da / ko tarar su.

Samun tallafi da shirin iyali

Babu wata hanyar doka don tallafi ga ma'aurata masu jinsi guda a Bangladesh.

Yanayin jinsi da magana

A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2013, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta amince da hijras a matsayin jinsi daban a taron majalisar ministoci wanda Firayim Minista Sheikh Hasina Wazed ya jagoranta. Tare da maza 'Yan mata, za a gano hijras a matsayin jinsi daban a kan takardun hukuma. Binciken da Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta yi ya nuna cewa tun daga shekara ta 2013, akwai hijras 10,000 da aka yi rajista a kasar. Duk da haka, Bangladesh ba ta da manufofi da ke tsara matakan da mutane dole ne su fuskanta don canza jinsi a kan takardun hukuma, kuma babu wani bayyane game da wanda zai iya cancanta a matsayin hijra.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta gayyaci hijras don neman aikin gwamnati. A watan Janairun 2015, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da wata yarjejeniya da ke neman cewa "an dauki matakai masu mahimmanci don gano hijras ta hanyar gudanar da cikakken binciken likita". Wadannan binciken sun haifar da hijras da ke buƙatar cire dubawa kuma an tabbatar da al'aurarsu. Daga baya aka saki hotunan waɗannan binciken don tabbatar da cewa hijras "maza ne da gaske". A watan Yulin 2015, bayan wata hijra ta ga kisan wani mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, kuma ta samu nasarar taimakawa wajen kama masu aikata laifin, wadanda suka kasance masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama, gwamnatin Bangladesh ta sanar da shirye-shiryen daukar ma'aikata da kuma shigar da hijras a matsayin 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, an ruwaito cewa Bangladesh za ta ba da damar "hijra" ta jefa kuri'a a ƙarƙashin asalin jinsi, yayin da jami'ai suka gabatar da "hijira" a matsayin zaɓi na jinsi na uku a kan siffofin jefa kuri'u a karon farko. An fara aikin don ba da gidajen da gwamnati ta gina ga mutanen da ba su da gida ko kuma ba su da mallakar ƙasa. A Bangladesh, inda yawan jama'a ya wuce miliyan 170, akwai kimanin mutane 12,000 masu canza launin fata.