Hakkin LGBTQ a Eritrea
 Hakkin LGBTQ a Eritrea | |
|---|---|
| Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Eritrea |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Eritrea suna fuskantar kalubale masu tsanani waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta.[1] Ayyukan luwadi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Eritrea; yawanci ana hukunta su har zuwa shekaru uku a kurkuku. An bayar da rahoton cewa gwamnati ce ke gurfanar da mutane na LGBTQ kuma suna fuskantar ƙiyayya tsakanin yawan Jima'i'a.[2] Har ila yau, gwamnati ta ƙuntata 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki kuma tana ƙarfafa tantance batutuwan LGBTQ.
Dokar game da jima'i na jinsi ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dukkanin bayyanar namiji da mata na jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Eritrea. An haramta yin jima'i na jinsi guda a Sashe na II (Sexual Deviations) na dokar hukunci ta 1957, wanda aka gada daga Habasha bayan samun 'yancin kai kuma kanta gado ne na mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.[3] A aikace, ba a san komai game da amfani da wannan dokar ba, tunda 'yan jaridar Eritrea da ke karkashin ikon jihar ba su bayar da rahoto game da gurfanar da luwadi ba.[3] Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya a Asmara ya ba da rahoton cewa ana gurfanar da mutanen da aka samu suna shiga cikin ayyukan luwadi a kai a kai kuma ana samun laifi.[3][4] Gwamnati tana tsare mutane akai-akai saboda ayyukan luwadi kuma ana zargin ta shiga cikin rikice-rikice na sanannun ko wadanda ake zargi da 'yan mata da' yan luwadi a kasar. [5] A lokuta da yawa, ba a tuhuma ba kuma an hana iyalan masu luwadi da ake tuhuma bayanai game da yanayinsu ko inda ake tsare su.[6] Tsarin shari'a na Eritrea ba shi da tabbas kuma sau da yawa yana da son rai wajen magance zarge-zargen ayyukan luwadi.[7] Cin zarafi, azabtarwa, da kuma dūkan fursunoni ya zama ruwan dare, kuma wasu sun ba da rahoton cewa ana kashe fursunoni ba bisa ka'ida ba.[8][9] Duk da wannan, Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth na Burtaniya ya ba da rahoton cewa ba a yi amfani da hukuncin kisa a Eritrea a cikin 2013.[7] A shekara ta 2003, an kama maza shida masu luwadi a cikin gidan wanka na jama'a a Asmara kuma daga baya aka tura su gidan yarin Adi Abeyto, wanda aka sani da gidajen fursunonin siyasa da 'yan jarida.[6] Ko da wadanda ke da alaƙa da al'ummar gay da lesbian a cikin Eritrea suna cikin haɗarin tuhumar halayyar jinsi ɗaya kuma saboda haka kamawa da ɗaurin kurkuku.[9]
Gwamnatin Eritrea ta ki amincewa da roko da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi don halatta ayyukan jima'i na jinsi ɗaya. An yi la'akari da wannan "a cikin saɓani kai tsaye da dabi'u da al'adun mutanen Eritrea".[5] Bugu da ƙari, babu manyan ƙoƙari na canzawa ko soke dokokin da ke akwai.
Censorship
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dangane da rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2023: Eritrea ba ta da ƙungiyoyin LGBT na jama'a kuma gwamnati ta ƙuntata 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ciki har da batutuwan da suka shafi jima'i ko jinsi / faɗar jinsi. Ba a yarda da mutane na LGBTQI + su taru kyauta, su haɗu, ko kuma su bayyana kansu a bainar jama'a saboda tsoron ganewa, kamawa, da nuna bambanci ko tashin hankali. Ana tallafawa tantancewar ta jihar amma ana kara da ita ta hanyar mummunan lalacewar zamantakewa game da mutanen LGBT wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da cin zarafi da cin zarafin.[10]
Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'aurata masu jinsi guda ba su da amincewar doka.
Samun tallafi da shirin iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma'aurata masu jinsi guda ba za su iya ɗaukar kaya a Eritrea ba.[11]
Tsaro na nuna bambanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babu kariya daga nuna bambanci bisa ga Jima'i da jinsi.[1]
Yanayin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira ya bayyana cewa "tsananin tabo na al'umma" ya wanzu game da halin ɗan luwaɗi a cikin Eritrea.[12] Hakazalika, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan luwadi da' yan luwadi sun fuskanci "mummunar nuna bambanci ga al'umma".[8] Gabaɗaya, ba a tattauna waɗannan batutuwan a bayyane a cikin ƙasar kuma ba a ɗaukar luwadi a matsayin batun jama'a ba.[3] Akwai iyakantaccen wayar da kan jama'a game da kasancewar 'yan tsiraru na jima'i da jinsi sai dai a tsakanin hukumomin tilasta bin doka da ake tuhuma da yaki da luwadi.[3] Babu kungiyoyi ko kungiyoyi na LGBTQ da aka sani a cikin kasar.[8] Nuna bambanci a cikin al'umma ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar haramtacciyar luwadi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar cin zarafi da cin zarafin 'yan luwadi da' yan mata.[13] Freedom House ta kuma gano cewa aikata laifuka na ayyukan luwadi ya haifar da nuna bambanci ga al'umma da shari'a.[14] Gwamnatin Eritrea ta yi iƙirarin sau da yawa cewa luwadi ya saba wa dabi'u da ka'idojin gargajiya a cikin ƙasar.[3] Bugu da ƙari, a farkon shekarun 2000s ya watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo da talabijin da yawa a tashoshin gwamnati da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da haɗarin da ake zargi da luwadi.[6]
An bayar da rahoton cewa 'yan luwaɗi da' yan luwaɗi da ke aiki a cikin sojojin Eritrea sun kasance "sun yi mummunar cin zarafi", kodayake irin waɗannan rahotanni ba a tabbatar da su ba.[8] Wani mai neman 'yan gudun hijira na 2002 a Burtaniya ya ba da rahoton cewa shi da abokin aikinsa, duka a cikin sojoji, sun sha wahala a zahiri da kuma magana, gami da barazanar, daga manyan sojoji da abokan aikinsa.[15]
Nuna bambanci ga jama'a game da mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS "yanki ne na damuwa" a cikin rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Eritrea.[16] ILGA da wasu kungiyoyin rigakafin cutar kanjamau / AIDS sun yi Allah wadai da aikata laifuka na ayyukan luwadi ta hanyar Mataki na 600, suna jayayya cewa yana lalata burin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar yin shirye-shiryen rigakafi da aka tsara ga maza da ke yin jima'i da maza da wahala sosai[13]
Gwamnatin Eritrea ta caje kasashe na Yammaci sau da yawa da inganta luwadi a cikin kasar don lalata mulkin.[8] Masu adawa ko wadanda ake zargi da adawa da mulkin an lakafta su a matsayin "gay, masu cin amana, masu fyade, masu lalata da yara, da masu fataucin mutane" a cikin yunkurin hanawa da kuma hana zargi da gwamnati.
A cikin shekara ta 2010, tare da wasu jihohin Afirka, Eritrea ta ki amincewa da Ka'idodin Yogyakarta, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam masu tasowa ga batutuwan jima'i da jima'i. Kungiyar Afirka ta yi la'akari da waɗannan ƙa'idodin da yawa kuma an zarge su da ƙirƙirar sabbin haƙƙin ɗan adam ba tare da tushen dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa ba.[17]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Eritrea - Country of Concern". Gov.uk. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ↑ "Eritrea". Human Dignity Trust. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Eritrea questioned over anti-gay laws". International LGBT Asylum News. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
- ↑ "Eritrea: Legislation and legal protection available to homosexuals; their treatment by society and government authorities". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 28 February 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Country of Origin Information Report - Eritrea". IUnited Kingdom: Home Office. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Eritrea: Asmara Military Police arrested 6 gay men in October 11/03". GlobalGayz.com. 5 November 2003. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Eritrea". Human Rights and Democracy 2012: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office Report. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 "2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Eritrea". U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Asokan, Ishan (16 November 2012). "A bludgeoned horn: Eritrea's abuses and "guilt by association" policy". Consultancy Africa Intelligence. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ↑ "Eritrea". United States Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-23.
- ↑ "Adoption in Eritrea". adoption.com. Archived from the original on 2025-01-24. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
- ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Eritrea". Refworld.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "UPR Statement on LGBTI health in Eritrea". ILGA and the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network. 18 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ↑ "Freedom in the World 2013: Eritrea". Freedom House. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
- ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | YF (Homosexuality - Not Legal but No Real Risk) Eritrea v. Secretary of State for the Home Department". Refworld.
- ↑ "2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Eritrea". U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ↑ "Majority of GA Third Committee unable to accept report on the human right to sexual education". International Service for Human Rights. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.