Hakkin LGBTQ a Habasha
 Hakkin LGBTQ a Habasha | |
|---|---|
| Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Habasha |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Habasha suna fuskantar manyan kalubale da ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta ba.[1][2] Dukkanin nau'ikan jima'i na maza da mata ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a kasar, tare da rahotanni na manyan matakan nuna bambanci da cin zarafin mutanen LGBTQ. [3][4] Habasha tana da dogon tarihi na ra'ayin mazan jiya na zamantakewa kuma ana ɗaukar jima'i na jinsi ɗaya a matsayin haramtacciyar al'adu. [2][5]
Yawancin Habashawa sun kasance masu adawa da asalin LGBTQ kuma sun yi imanin cewa su "Yammacin Yammacin dabi'un al'umma". Ana zargin maza masu luwadi da haifar da annobar HIV / AIDS. Saboda haka nuna bambanci da wulakanci sun zama ruwan dare tare da wasu mutanen LGBTQ na Habasha suna hana asalin su ko gudu a matsayin masu neman mafaka. Dangane da 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project, kashi 97 cikin 100 [6] na Habashawa sun yi imanin cewa luwadi wani abu ne da al'umma bai kamata ta yarda da shi ba. Wannan shi ne na biyu mafi girma na rashin yarda a cikin ƙasashe 45 da aka bincika.[7]
Mutanen gay da lesbian ba sa aiki a fili a cikin soja duk da rashin doka game da hidima a cikin soja. Booshtee kalma ce mai banƙyama ga ɗan luwaɗi a Habasha, sau da yawa ana amfani da ita azaman zagi ga mai banƙai.[8]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shahararren bayani game da ayyukan jima'i a Habasha ya kasance a cikin tarihin The Life and Struggles of Our Mother Wäl sow P̣eṭros (1672). Walatta Petros (1592-1642) da ɗan'uwanta ɗalibi Ehete Krestos daga Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha, 'yan majami'a ne masu abokantaka "sun rayu tare cikin ƙaunar juna, kamar rai da jiki" har zuwa mutuwa yayin da wasu' yan majami'ar suka nuna kansu a matsayin masu sha'awar juna. Littafin shine na farko da ke buƙatar salon "karatun" a cikin Littattafan Habasha na farko.[9]
A shekara ta 2008, mutanen LGBTQ sun zama masu ganuwa a Habasha lokacin da daruruwan masu luwadi suka nemi daidaito kuma suka yi kira ga Firayim Minista Meles Zenawi. Koyaya ya zama katange a kan hanyar zuwa ofishin Firayim Minista. A cikin wannan shekarar, an yi auren ɗan luwaɗi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Sheraton Addis . A farkon shekarun 2010, wasu kafofin watsa labarai tare da hadin gwiwar gwamnati sun sanya takunkumi kan tattaunawar "Ka'idar LGBTQ". Wadannan manufofi na tantancewa har yanzu ba a aiwatar da su cikin doka ba.
Matsayin jinsi a cikin al'adun Maale
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Donald Donham ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙananan ƙarancin Maalas waɗanda a bayyane suke maza a wasu lokuta suna ɗaukar matsayin mata na al'umma, suna sa tufafin mata kuma a wasu lokuta su yi jima'i da maza.
Rashin Jima'i da Amincewa a cikin Nuer Society
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mai binciken Nuer Brian MacDermot da farko ya yi imanin cewa dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ba ta wanzu ba. Koyaya, ya haɗu da wata mace mai canza launin fata da ƙauyen ya karɓa. Wannan mutumin, wanda a baya namiji ne wanda ya yi ado kamar mace, ya sami amincewar ruhaniya don canza matsayi kuma ya auri miji. Wannan yana nuna cewa al'ummar Nuer kafin mulkin mallaka suna da karɓar sauƙin jinsi.
Ayyukan jima'i tsakanin Harari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da yake tafiya a Habasha a cikin shekarun 1920, Bieber ya gamu da "Uranism" tsakanin Harari kuma ya lura cewa "sodomy ba ba baƙo ba ne ga Harari. Ya kuma lura da masturbation na juna na maza da mata, na kowane zamani da tsakanin mutane, kuma ya bayyana cewa a cikin Harari "Uranalism" ana yin shi sau da yawa tsakanin manya maza da yara maza.
Halin jima'i tsakanin mutanen Amhara da Qemant
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar David F. Greenberg, makiyaya maza na Amhara da Qemant sun haɓaka dangantakar ɗan luwaɗi da juna, suna shiga cikin jima'i da jima'i har zuwa lokacin da suka yi aure.
Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar Shari'a ta baya ta kasar, wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1957, ta ƙunshi wani babi da aka keɓe wanda ke magana game da "rashin jituwa na jima'i. " An ƙunshe shi a cikin wannan babi, Mataki na 600 ya ba da umarnin matakan azabtarwa don shiga cikin ayyukan jima'i ko duk wani hali da aka ɗauka "marasa kyau" tare da mutum na jinsi ɗaya. Hukuncin da aka tsara ya kasance daga ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon kwanaki 10 zuwa shekaru uku. Dokar Shari'a ta yanzu, wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 2004, ta ci gaba da haramta ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda a matsayin laifi. Kamar yadda tanadin da aka tsara a cikin Mataki na 629, mutanen da aka samu suna da hannu a cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan na iya fuskantar ɗaurin kurkuku, tare da mafi ƙarancin hukuncin shekara guda, kamar yadda aka bayyana a bayyane a cikin Mataka ta 630. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 630 (1) (b), "yin sana'a" na irin waɗannan ayyukan yana ƙara hukuncin zuwa har zuwa shekaru 10
A cikin dokar Habasha, kalmomin dokar azabtarwa suna bi da aikin ɗan luwaɗi a matsayin aikin mai kai farmaki ga wanda aka azabtar. Sakamakon haka, ana ɗaukar laifin mai kai farmaki ya fi muni, lokacin da ya haifar da kashe kansa na wanda aka azabtar saboda dalilai na "abin kunya, damuwa ko yanke ƙauna".
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Billson, Chantelle (12 August 2023). "Ethiopian authorities raid hotels over 'gay sex tip-offs' in anti-LGBTQ+ crackdown". PinkNews. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schwikowski, Martina. "LGBTQ+ Ethiopians flee in the face of sudden crackdown". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ↑ "Ethiopia LGBTI Resources | Rights in Exile Programme". www.refugeelegalaidinformation.org. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
- ↑ "Gay Friendly Hotels Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Top 3 (Updated 2021)". Kiki Journey (in Turanci). 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
- ↑ "Ethiopia". Human Dignity Trust. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedReferenceA - ↑ ""Pew Global Attitudes Project", (pages 35, 81, and 117)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
- ↑ Overs, C. (April 2015). "Booshtee! Survival and Resilience in Ethiopia". Retrieved May 9, 2021.
- ↑ Belcher, Wendy Laura (2016). "Same-Sex Intimacies in the Early African Text Gädlä Wälättä P̣eṭros (1672): Queer Reading an Ethiopian Woman Saint". Research in African Literatures. 47 (2): 20–45. doi:10.2979/reseafrilite.47.2.03. ISSN 0034-5210. JSTOR 10.2979/reseafrilite.47.2.03. S2CID 148427759.