Hakkin LGBTQ a Somaliya
 Hakkin LGBTQ a Somaliya | |
|---|---|
| Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Somaliya |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Somalia suna fuskantar kalubale masu tsanani waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Yin jima'i na jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga maza da mata.[1] A yankunan da al-Shabab ke sarrafawa, kuma a Jubaland, ana ba da hukuncin kisa ga irin wannan aikin jima'i. A wasu yankuna, inda Shari'a ba ta aiki, dokar farar hula ta ƙayyade hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekaru uku a matsayin hukunci.[2] Gwamnati tana gurfanar da mutanen LGBTQ a kai a kai kuma suna fuskantar zargi tsakanin yawan jama'a.[2] Stigmatization da aikata laifuka na luwadi a Somaliya suna faruwa ne a cikin shari'a da al'adu inda kashi 99% na yawan jama'a ke bin Islama a matsayin addininsu, yayin da kasar ke da gwamnati mara daidaituwa kuma an yi yakin basasa shekaru da yawa.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]British Somali Coast Protectorate
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kafin samun 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya, Sashe na 377 na Dokar Shari'ar Indiya ta 1860 [4] an yi amfani da shi a cikin kariya ta Tekun Somaliya ta Burtaniya a cikin 1899 . A cikin Ƙasar Ingila kanta, an soke dokokin sodomy a shekarar 1967. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya halatta luwaɗi, haɗin gwiwar jama'a, da auren jinsi ɗaya.[5] Tasirin Sashe na 377 a duk tsoffin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya an gan shi a ko'ina a matsayin barin gado na nuna bambanci, tashin hankali, da mutuwa, wanda ke ci gaba a wurare da yawa har zuwa yau.
Italiyanci Gabashin Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1940, Italiya ta ci Somaliland ta Burtaniya kuma ta haɗa ta cikin Gabashin Afirka ta Italiya. Duk da yake Italiya ba ta da dokokin sodomy tun 1890, gwamnatin Fascist har yanzu tana azabtar da masu luwadi. A shekara ta 1941, Birtaniya ta sake mamaye Somaliland ta Burtaniya kuma ta sake kafa dokokin sodomy.[6]
Jamhuriyar Somaliya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1964, sabon dokar azabtarwa ya fara aiki a Jamhuriyar Somaliya.[4] Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Duk wanda ke da jima'i na jiki tare da mutum na jinsi ɗaya za a hukunta shi, inda aikin ba ya zama babban laifi, tare da ɗaurin kurkuku daga watanni uku zuwa shekaru uku. Inda aikin da aka aikata aiki ne na sha'awa daban da jima'in jiki, za a rage hukuncin da aka ɗora da kashi ɗaya bisa uku. "
Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Somaliya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A karkashin Mataki na 409 na Dokar Shari'ar Somaliya da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Somaliya ta gabatar a 1973, jima'i da mutum iri ɗaya ana hukunta shi ta hanyar ɗaurin kurkuku daga watanni uku zuwa shekaru uku.[7] "Aikin sha'awa" ban da jima'i ana hukunta shi da ɗaurin kurkuku na watanni biyu zuwa shekaru biyu. A karkashin Mataki na 410 na Dokar Shari'a ta Somaliya, ƙarin matakan tsaro na iya kasancewa tare da hukunce-hukuncen ayyukan luwadi, yawanci suna zuwa ta hanyar sa ido na 'yan sanda don hana "sake laifi". [6] [8]
Yanayin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2010 ya gano cewa "an dauki yanayin jima'i a matsayin batun haramtacce, kuma babu wani tattaunawar jama'a game da wannan batun a kowane yanki na kasar," kuma "babu rahotanni game da tashin hankali na al'umma ko nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'a. Buga na 2022 ya ba da rahoton cewa "saboda mummunan lalacewar al'umma wanda ya hana mutane LGBTQI + yin jima'i ko asalin jinsi da aka sani a fili", akwai kadan zuwa babu rahoto game da nuna bambanci. Bugu da kari, rahoton ya bayyana cewa: "An kasance da mummunan ra'ayi game da dangantakar jinsi guda, kuma doka ba ta hana nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin jima'i ko asalin jinsi ba".
Kungiyoyin LGBTQ
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya zuwa shekara ta 2004, an ruwaito cewa akwai rukuni daya ga mutanen LGBTQ a Somalia. [9] Koyaya yawancin baƙi na Somaliya sun kafa mafi yawan Somaliya ko ma ƙungiyoyin LGBTQ na Somaliya kawai a Kanada.[10] Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ruwaito a 2022 cewa: "Akwai 'yan kalilan, masu hankali sosai, kuma galibi kungiyoyin LGBTQI+ na kan layi waɗanda suka gudanar da abubuwan da suka faru".
Yaƙin basasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A yankunan da Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen ke sarrafawa a Somaliya, kungiyar ta'addanci ta gabatar da fassarar Shari'a mai tsauri wanda ke nuna laifin aikata laifuka. Hukuncin wadanda aka samu da laifi yana bisa ga alƙali kuma ana iya hukunta shi da mutuwa. ILGA ta ruwaito a cikin 2021 cewa tana da bayanai game da tilasta aiki ta al-Shabaab, ko wasu kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai, suna kashe mutane saboda zargin aikin ɗan luwaɗi: Matasa maza biyu masu shekaru 15 da 18 tare da wani mutum mai shekaru 20 a cikin 2017; kuma a cikin 2018, wani "matashi". Tabbatar da abubuwan da suka faru, masu zaman kansu daga bayanan da kungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya suka bayar, ba su samuwa ba. Daidaitaccen yanayin laifukan da ake tsammani ba a bayyane yake a kowane hali ba. Yawancin masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam da masu fafutuka na LGBTQ, da waɗanda ake zargi da "kisan kai", an tilasta musu su tsere daga ƙasar saboda tsoron kisa ko kisan kai.
Bayani na tebur
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka | Ba bisa ka'ida ba:: Hukuncin kisa (Kamar yadda za'a iya amfani da shari'a, musamman ta 'yan wasan da ba na jihar ba da kuma wasu jihohin da suka kafa kundin tsarin mulki); [1] [2] Kurkuku daga watanni 3 zuwa shekaru 3 [a karkashin dokar hukunta jama'a] [4][3] |
| Daidaitawar shekarun yarda |  |
| Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki | |
| Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka | |
| Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) | |
| Aure na jinsi ɗaya | |
| Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya | |
| Ma'aurata masu jinsi guda | |
| Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda | |
| An ba da izinin 'yan mata da' yan mata su yi aiki a fili a cikin soja | |
| Hakkin canza jinsi na doka | |
| Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata | |
| Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza | |
| MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini | |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Somalia LGBT Laws". Pride Legal (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- 1 2 "Somalia". Human Dignity Trust (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-03-31.
- ↑ "Islam in Somalia". rpl.hds.harvard.edu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
- 1 2 "Somaliland Criminal Law". www.somalilandlaw.com. Retrieved 2021-02-03. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "somaliland" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpenal code - 1 2 "STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "ILGA" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Entry #485: Homosexual activity in Somalia". Equaldex (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-03.
- ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld – Somalia Country Assessment" (PDF). Refworld.
- ↑ "Death Hangs Over Somali Queers". sodomylaws.org. 3 May 2004. Archived from the original on 11 August 2004. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ↑ "Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea: Sexual Minority Resources - Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, MSM, Homo-Sex". www.ucalgary.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
- ↑ ILGA World; Lucas Ramon Mendos; Kellyn Botha; Rafael Carrano Lelis; Enrique López de la Peña; Ilia Savelev; Daron Tan (14 December 2020). State-Sponsored Homophobia report: 2020 global legislation overview update (PDF) (Report) (14th ed.). Geneva: ILGA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2020.
- ↑ "Young Somali activist sentenced to death for being a lesbian". The Independent. 2016.
- ↑ "'Don't come back, they'll kill you for being gay'". BBC News. 2020.
- ↑ "Map Shows Where It's Illegal to be Gay – 30 Years Since WHO Declassified Homosexuality as Disease". Forbes.