Hakkin LGBTQ a Tunisia
 Hakkin LGBTQ a Tunisia | |
|---|---|
LGBT of a geographic region (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki |
| Ƙasa | Tunisiya |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Tunisiya suna fuskantar ƙalubalen shari'a waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Ayyukan jima'i na maza da mata ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a kasar. A cewar rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2018 game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Tunisia, "masu hukuma a wasu lokuta suna amfani da [dokar adawa da luwaɗi] don tsare da tambayar mutane game da ayyukan jima'i da daidaitawa, wanda aka ruwaito a wasu lokuta bisa ga bayyanar su kadai".
LGBTQ Tunisians suna fuskantar nuna bambanci na shari'a da zamantakewa. Rahotanni game da kin amincewa da iyali, tashin hankali a wuraren jama'a, tashin hankali cikin iyalai da kashe kansa sun zama ruwan dare.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daga ƙarshen karni na 18 zuwa farkon karni na 20, duk da fuskantar ci gaba da nuna bambanci, maza masu luwadi sun sami matsayi na zamantakewa a Tunisia kamar waɗanda ke cikin sauran duniyar Musulmi na Larabawa. Musamman, sun yi aiki a matsayin matsakaici tsakanin maza da mata a cikin bukukuwan aure, an gayyace su zuwa gidajen maza a gaban matansu, kuma an ba su izinin shiga wuraren mata masu zaman kansu ta irin wannan hanyar ga makafi.[1] Dangantakar ɗan luwaɗi ta zama ruwan dare a kotun sarauta ta Tunisia da kuma tsakanin iyalai masu daraja, musamman a lokacin mulkin Daular Hafsid - 1229-1574 - lokacin da, bisa ga takardun, yawancin maza "mata" suka ba da abokantaka ga maza na kotu, suna gabatar da kansu a matsayin mawaƙa da masu rawa.[2] A lokacin mulkin Daular Husainid, Bey Muhammad III as-Sadiq ya kasance a buɗe game da dangantakarsa ta kusa da vizier Mustapha Ben Ismaïl . [3]
Ga aji na tsakiya da matalauta, tarurruka sun faru a duk wuraren da za a iya samu, kamar Gidan wanka, shagunan aski, zawiyas, amma musamman wuraren da matafiya ke iya samu kamar fondouks, hammams, da fansho.[2] Matafiyi Jacques Philippe Laugier de Tassy ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1725 cewa "an yi lalata da yawa tsakanin Turks na Algiers, Deys, Beys da shugabanni sun ba da misali".[2] An haramta yin jima'i a cikin al'ummar Tunisia ba tare da la'akari da ko ya kasance wani ɓangare na ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi ko jima'i ba. Lalle ne, tsawon ƙarni ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin lokuta masu ban sha'awa inda matan Musulmai na Tunisia ke da damar neman saki. A cewar al'adun gargajiya, lokacin da mace ke so ta rabu da mijinta wanda ya yi sodomy tare da ita, dole ne ta gabatar da kanta ga qadi / alƙali kuma ta kwanta a gabansa yayin da take sanya takalminta a baya; wannan yana nufin cewa mijin yana ganinta a wata hanya.[2]
Laifin luwadi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kafin 1913
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kisan jinsi, ko namiji ko mace, koyaushe ana ɗaukarsa haramtacce ne wanda 'yan Tunisia suka guji tattauna a bayyane.[4] Duk da wannan zargi, an yi jayayya cewa ba luwadi ba ne wanda cibiyoyi da hukumomi suka nema kuma suka hukunta shi, amma rashin yarda tsakanin mutane a cikin gamuwar luwadi.[4] Masanin tarihi Abdelhamid Larguèche ya yi jayayya da goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi, yana nuna cewa daga cikin duk kamawar da ta faru a Tunis tsakanin 1861 da 1865, 62 ne kawai daga cikinsu don "sodomy", kuma dukansu "laifuka ne na fyade[;] sau da yawa sun haɗa da yara".[4]
Ga Musulmai na Tunisiya, game da ka'idoji, ana gudanar da luwadi bisa ga dokar shari'a, tare da alƙalai a cikin biranen daban-daban na ƙasar suna amfani da ko dai makarantar Maliki (wanda aka fi amfani da ita ga 'yan asalin Tunisiya) ko makarantar Hanafi (wanda aka yi amfani da shi ga Tunisians na asalin Turkiyya) na shari'a a cikin yanke shawara. A cikin makarantun tunani guda biyu, an hukunta luwadi saboda an rarraba shi azaman nau'in rashin biyayya ga umarnin Allah (fasik), amma ba a matsayin aikin ridda ba (Kafir). [4]
A makarantar Malikite, ana hukunta luwadi ta hanyar dutse. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman takardun wannan mulkin a cikin al'ummar Musulmi ta Tunisiya ya samo asali ne daga karni na 14 a cikin Littafin hannu na Sidi Khalil, littafin da masanin shari'a na Masar Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi ya rubuta, kuma wanda aka yi wa Musulmai na al'adar Malikite gabaɗaya, amma musamman na Afirka.[4] A cikin babi na 43 mai taken "Cohabitation Illicit, ma'ana zina, fasikanci da sodomy", marubucin ya bayyana ayyukan jima'i ba bisa ka'ida ba wanda dole ne a hukunta shi; an bayyana sodomy a matsayin "aikin da aka yi da gangan na wani namiji, wanda aka ba shi da dalili, wanda ya gabatar da... shugaban azzakari (ko wani ɓangare na azzakari daidai da tsawon kai) a cikin sassan jikin mutum wanda ba shi da haƙƙin doka kamar yadda likitocin doka suka gane.[of][4] Koyaya, irin wannan azabtarwa ya kasance mai mahimmanci kuma yana da wuyar amfani da shi a rayuwa ta ainihi kamar yadda, bisa ga shari'ar Maliki, dole ne a tabbatar da aikin sodomy ko dai ta hanyar ikirarin wanda ake tuhuma sau hudu kuma a lokuta daban-daban huɗu a gaban alƙali, ko kuma ta hanyar shaidar manya Musulmai huɗu, waɗanda suke da 'yanci da gaskiya, kuma sun shaida wannan aikin, a lokacin, kuma daga wuri ɗaya.[4]
Ga mabiyan makarantar Hanafi, halin da ake ciki game da sodomy ya fi sauƙi da sauƙi, tare da alƙalai suna da 'yancin zaɓar tsakanin kurkuku da bulala a matsayin horo ga waɗanda ake zargi da sodomy. Wannan ya dogara ne akan sanarwar Abu Hanifa, wanda ya kafa wannan makarantar, wanda ya bayyana cewa "idan Allah ya so ya kashe Luti [wanda ya aikata sodomy, Latú], zai ƙayyade shi".[4]h