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Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Philippines

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Philippines
Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki
Bayanai
Ƙasa Filipin

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da Queer (LGBTQ) mutane a cikin Philippines sun fuskanci matsaloli da yawa a ƙasarsu, kamar nuna bambanci, tashin hankali, cin zarafi, hari, tsangwama da sauran nau'ikan maganganun adawa da LGBTQ. Yawancin 'yan Filipinos na LGBTQ suna saduwa da halayen halayen da suka haɗu da iyalansu, abokai da sauransu a cikin al'ummominsu, da kuma masu sana'a, malamai, jami'an gwamnati na ƙasa, 'yan siyasa, lauyoyi da sauransu da ke aiki ga gwamnati da sauran jama'a.

Mutane da yawa, ƙungiyoyi da al'ummomi a cikin Filipinas sun taimaki LGBTQ Filipinos masu bukata tare da sabis na shawarwari na abokantaka na LGBTQ da zaman jiyya don taimaka musu su tsere wa yanayi masu haɗari da maƙiya.

Filipino LGBTQ daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi, al'ummominsu, da abokan LGBTQ sun yi aiki don haɓakawa da ƙarfafa adalcin zamantakewa da siyasa a matakin ƙasa. Sun tsunduma cikin gwagwarmayar zamantakewa da bayar da shawarwari dangane da haƙƙin ɗan adam don zartar da dokar goyon bayan LGBTQ akan sikelin ƙasa. LGBTQ Filipinos suma suna da mafi girman ƙimar ko dai haɓaka tunanin kashe kansa ko ƙoƙarin kashe kansa.[1]

An gabatar da takardun daidaito da yawa don haƙƙin LGBTQ a cikin Philippines tun daga shekarun 2000, gami da Dokar Daidaitaccen Jima'i da Bayyanawa ta Jima'iyya (SOGIE). [2] Duk da rashin wucewa a cikin gwamnatin ƙasa, yawancin dokoki masu adawa da nuna bambanci game da jima'i da jinsi sun wanzu a cikin yankunan gudanarwa na gida a cikin Philippines, gami da babban birnin ƙasar, Manila.[3]

A halin yanzu, dokar hana cin zarafi ta haɗa da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi a matsayin wasu dalilan da aka haramta.[4]

A cikin 2022, wasu gungun jami'an gwamnati, 'yan siyasa, 'yan majalisa, lauyoyi, lauyoyi, da sauran su a majalisar dokokin Philippine da ke neman ganewa, ba da fa'ida da kariya ga ma'auratan da suka yi jima'i a Philippines sun sake sabunta kuɗaɗen ƙungiyoyin farar hula biyu tare da gabatar da su.[5][6]

A matsayinta na memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ana ƙarfafa Philippines ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa da dama don inganta dukkan nau'ikan haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya da na asali wanda ya haɗa da inganta haƙƙin LGBTQ.

Tare da waɗannan ci gaban, ƙungiyoyin LGBTQ a cikin Philippines sun kasance masu himma sosai kuma sun sami wakilcin siyasa.

Tarihi

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Kafin aikin Mutanen Espanya, matan da ba a lakafta su ba ko kuma maza na mata yawanci (amma ba koyaushe) sun zama babaylan, waɗanda ba a al'ada ba ne. Shigar da jaridu na masu mulkin mallaka na Spain sun bayyana "mazajen da suka rayu a matsayin mata, kuma ake ganin su a matsayin mata a cikin al'umma" dangane da shamans na addinin mushrikai na ƴan asalin Philippine. Sun yi aiki a matsayin masu warkarwa, masu shiga tsakani, da shuwagabannin ruhin al'umma da ake mutunta su daidai da masu mulki. Duk da haka, an tsananta wa waɗannan ’yan iska a lokacin da yawancin kabilun Philippine suka koma Kiristanci da Musulunci, wanda ya haifar da wariyar da al’ummar LGBT ke fuskanta a yau

Lokacin mulkin mallaka

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Itneg potters at work. The one on the right is a man in woman's garb (c. 1922)

Priestesses, or babaylan, held positions of authority as religious leaders or healers in some precolonial Philippine societies. Cross-dressing males sometimes took on the role of the female babaylan.

The babaylan, also called katalonan, bayoguin, bayok, agi-ngin, asog, bido and binabae depending on the ethnic group of the region, held important positions in the community. They were the spiritual leaders of the Filipino communities, tasked with responsibilities pertaining to rituals, agriculture, science, medicine, literature and other forms of knowledge that the community needed. In the absence of a datu, the babaylan could take charge of the whole community.[7]

Matsayin babaylan yawanci yana da alaƙa da mata, amma babaylan namiji ma ya wanzu. Littattafan tarihi na farko sun nuna kasancewar babaylan maza waɗanda suka sa tufafin mata kuma suka ɗauki halin mace. Jiki ba shine kawai tushen jinsi ba. Kasancewa namiji ko mace ya dogara ne akan sana'a, kamanni, ayyuka da jima'i. Namiji babaylan zai iya shiga cikin soyayya da jima'i da wasu maza ba tare da al'umma ta yanke masa hukunci ba.

Al'ummar da suka gabata sun yarda da tsinkaye tsakanin jinsi da kuma canza launin fata a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adunsu. Al'adun da babaylan ya yi sun nuna sake haɗuwa da akasin haka, namiji da mace. Sun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar yin wannan za su iya nuna ikon ruhaniya, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don warkar da lalata ta ruhaniya. A waje da wannan aikin, maza babaylans wani lokacin suna shiga cikin jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, labaru da yawa daga wallafe-wallafen baki na asali sun nuna wakilcin haruffa LGBT ta hanyar alloli da makamantansu.[8][9][10]

A lokacin Musuluntar kudu maso yammacin Mindanao, 'yan baranda da jahohin da Musulunci ya yi tasiri sun kori akidar yarda da 'yan luwadi, wanda ya haifar da nuna wariya ga 'yan luwadi duk da irin gudummawar da 'yan iskan ke bayarwa a fagen kwarewarsu. Duk da haka, jahohi da baragayen da ba a musulunta ba sun ci gaba da yin karbuwa a kan luwadi da al'adun karkatar da jinsi da tsarin imani.

Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Spain

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MuMasu cin nasara na Sipaniya sun gabatar da al'adun uba da yawa ga Philippines na mulkin mallaka. Ana sa ran maza su nuna namiji a cikin al'ummarsu, suna yin nuni ga machismo na Mutanen Espanya ko ma'anar zama namiji. Litattafan ikirari da ’yan tawayen Spain suka yi a wannan lokacin ana zargin cewa ’yan asalin ƙasar suna da laifin luwadi da luwadi. A cikin karni na 17-18 na lokacin Inquisition na Mutanen Espanya, masu gudanarwa na Spain sun kona mutanen da ake zargi da kasancewa masu luwadi don aiwatar da dokar da Pedro Hurtado Desquibel, shugaban Audiencia ya yi.

An nada Dauti-linkid="436" href="./Datu" id="mw1w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Datu">Datus a matsayin jami'an gundumar Mutanen Espanya yayin da aka rage babaylan don sauƙaƙa damuwar 'yan asalin. Cire tsarin datu na mulkin mallaka ya shafi babaylans. Babaylans daga ƙarshe sun ragu tare da mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya. Ba a tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi Jima'i da jinsi ba bayan mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya.

A duk lokacin mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya, an rubuta asusun babaylan da yawa waɗanda suka kalubalanci mulkin mallaka ya Mutanen Espanya. Mafi shahararrun uku daga cikinsu sune na Hiligaynon babaylan mai suna Tapara, Cebuano babaylan da ake kira Ponciano Elofre, da kuma wani Hiligaynons babaylan wanda ake kira Gregorio Lampino . [11] Wani labari na shekara ta 1663 game da wani rikici mai suna Juan Fernandez ya lura cewa wani namiji babaylan mai suna Tapara ko Tapar daga Lambunao, Iloilo ya jagoranci tawaye a kan Mutanen Espanya. An bayyana Tapara a matsayin "mai sihiri wanda ya yi ado kuma ya yi aiki kamar mace".[11] A ƙarshen karni na 19 akwai shahararrun 'babaylan' guda biyu waɗanda suka jagoranci juyin juya Shalai a kan Spain. Na farko shi ne Ponciano Elofre mai sa tufafi kuma ana zargin shi da jima'i (silahis). Sauran namiji babaylan shine Gregorio Lampino . [11] Wannan zamanin ya kuma kawo Leona Florentino, mawakiyar mata da kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo na kasar, wanda aka fi sani da mahaifiyar wallafe-wallafen mata na Philippines da kuma majagaba a cikin wallafe-walfinai na 'yan mata na Philippines.

Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Amurka

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Shekaru hudu na mamayar Amurka sun ga yadawa da ka'idojin jima'i ta hanyar ingantaccen kafofin watsa labarai da ingantaccen ilmantarwa na ilimi. Ci gaba ta hanyar haɓakar tasirin bioomedicine na Yammacin Turai, ya haifar da takamaiman ilimin jima'i wanda a cikinsa aka tsinkayi " ɗan kishili" kuma ana nuna wariya a matsayin asalin cuta ko rashin lafiya. 'Yan luwadi na Philippines daga ƙarshe sun gano wannan azzalumar ainihi kuma sun fara shiga cikin ayyukan ɓarna, yayin da bambancin ɗan luwaɗi da hetero ya kafe kuma ya ƙara zama sananne a cikin tunanin tunanin ɗan adam.[12]

Kodayake mulkin mallaka na Amurka ya kawo ra'ayin Yammacin Turai na "gay" da duk rashin jin daɗinsa, a lokaci guda ya sake aiki don yin amfani da 'yanci. Duk da yake ya nuna rashin amincewa da asalin ɗan luwaɗi na gida, wannan mulkin mallaka ya ba da tattaunawa kuma ta haka ne matsayi na Magana, wanda ya ba bakla mai luwadi damar yin magana. Ya kasance a lokacin mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarun 1960 cewa tarihin al'adun ɗan luwaɗi na Philippines ya fara farawa, inda "harshen al'adu na mazajen ɗan luwaɗi a cikin birane waɗanda ke amfani da abubuwa daga Tagalog, Turanci, Mutanen Espanya da Jafananci, da sunayen shahararrun mutane da alamun kasuwanci" sun haɓaka, galibi ana kiransu swardspeak, gayspeak ko baklese. Littattafan gay da suka kasance na Philippine-centric sun fara fitowa a wannan lokacin. Ƙarin ci gaba a cikin wallafe-wallafen gay da ilmantarwa na ilimi sun ga zanga-zangar farko da masu gwagwarmayar siyasa na LGBT suka yi, musamman ma tafiye-tafiye na alfahari na LGBT. Wani sanannen LGBT daga wannan zamanin (wanda kawai ya zama sananne bayan shekarun 1990s) shine Crispulo Trinidad Luna (1903-1970), wanda aka fi sani da Pulong . [11]

A lokacin mamayar da Japanawa ke yi a Philippines (1942 zuwa 1945), an tilasta wa wasu mutanen LGBT na Filipinawa bautar jima'i a matsayin mata masu ta'aziyya, gami da yara maza da yawa. An ba da labarin Walterina Markova a cikin wani fim na 2000 mai suna Markova: Comfort Gay. Ya mutu a shekara ta 2005 ba tare da wani diyya daga Gwamnatin Japan ba, kamar yawancin mata na Filipina.[11]

Shekaru na 1960 zuwa 1980

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Swardspeak, wani nau'i ne da 'yan luwadi ke amfani da shi, ya fito ne a cikin shekarun 1960. Wannan zamanin kuma ya ga mawaƙa da kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo Helen Cruz, mai fafutukar gwagwarmayar canza jinsi. A lokaci guda, kuma mai yiwuwa da yawa a baya, Ukà na Lange-Lange, wata mace mai son jima'i tsakanin mutanen Teduray, an rubuta ta a matsayin fitacciyar mawaƙa a Mindanao, ƙwararre a cikin kutiyapi, mafi wuya da kuma buƙatar duk kayan kiɗa na asali na Philippines.[13]

Yayin aiwatar da dokar ta-baci, gwamnatin Philippines ta rufe bakin 'yan kasar ta hanyar sojoji. Mutane, ciki har da al'ummar LGBT, ba su da murya a cikin wannan lokacin, kuma an azabtar da da yawa da azabtarwa. Bisa ga umarnin Imelda Marcos, an buga wani littafi mai adawa da luwadi wanda ya fayyace halin da ake ciki na al'adun luwadi a daidai lokacin da aka rufe dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin ci gaba a ƙasar ta hanyar soja. Yawancin masu luwadi sun gudu ko kuma an tura su gudun hijira zuwa Amurka inda wasu suka shiga ƙungiyoyin da ke ba da shawarar haƙƙin LGBT. Al'umma ta amsa wannan ta hanyar amfani da matsakaici da yawa, kamar fim din shekarun 1980 Manila by Night, wanda ya gabatar da halin LGBT a cikin shirinsa. Lokacin da mulkin ya ƙare, waɗanda aka yi wa gudun hijira sun koma Philippines, suna gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyin gay da lesbian.

A cikin 1970s da 1980s, ra'ayoyin Yammacin Turai sun yi tasiri sosai kan ra'ayoyin Filipino na "gay". A cewar "Kasancewar LGBT a Asiya: Rahoton Ƙasar Philippines", mutanen LGBT waɗanda aka fallasa su ga ra'ayin Yammacin Turai na kasancewa "masu luwaɗi" sun fara dangantaka da sauran mutanen LGBT, maimakon tare da mutanen da ba su da jinsi. Zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980s, karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da LGBT Filipinos ya faru. A shekara ta 1984, an samar da wasannin gay da yawa kuma an shirya su. Wasanni da aka saki a lokacin da aka ambata sun magance tsarin "fitowa" da 'yan luwadi.[14]

Shekaru na 1990

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Dangane da rahoton da USAID ta yi, tare da haɗin gwiwar UNDP, mai taken "Kasancewa LGBT a Asiya: Rahoton Kasar Philippines", al'ummar LGBT a farkon shekarun 90 sun rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka wayar da kan jama'a, kamar Ladlad, tarihin rubuce-rubucen ɗan luwaɗi na Philippines na 1993 wanda Danton Remoto da J. Neil Garcia suka shirya, da Margarita Go-Singco Holmes A Different Love: Being Gay in the Philippines a cikin 1994. Wannan shekaru goma kuma sun nuna zanga-zangar farko ta halartar wani bangare na al'ummar LGBT ta kasar a cikin shiga ƙungiyar 'yan mata da ake kira Lesbian Collective, yayin da suka shiga Ranar Mata ta Duniya Maris 1992. [15] Wani zanga-zangar halarta ta ProGay Philippines da MCC Philippines, karkashin jagorancin Oscar Atadero da Fr. Richard Mickley bi da bi, lokacin da suka shirya tafiya ta Pride a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1994, wanda ya nuna fareti na farko da ke da alaƙa da Pride da wata ƙasa a Asiya da Pacific ta shirya.[15] A cikin shekaru goma, an kafa kungiyoyin LGBT daban-daban kamar su Ikklisiyoyin Metropolitan Community (MCC) a cikin 1991, UP Babaylan a cikin 1992 da ProGay Philippines a cikin 1993, [15] [16] kuma bisa ga rahoton, shekarun 1990 sune "mai yiwuwa mai haifar da fitowar ƙungiyar LGBT a cikin Philippines".[17] A shekara ta 1998, Jam'iyyar Akbayan Citizens' Action Party ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa ta farko da ta tuntubi al'ummar LGBT kuma ta taimaka wajen kirkirar kungiyar LGBT ta farko, Lesbian and Gay Legislative Advocacy Network, wanda aka fi sani da LAGABLAB, a shekara ta 1999.[15] LAGABLAB ta ba da shawarar sake dubawa ga haƙƙin LGBT a cikin 1999 kuma ta gabatar da Dokar Anti-Discrimination (ADB) a cikin 2000.[15]

Zamani na zamani (2000s-yanzu)

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Yunkurin LGBT ya kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin sabon karni. A zuwan 2000s, an kafa wasu kungiyoyin LGBT don biyan takamaiman buƙatu, gami da lafiyar jima'i (musamman HIV), tallafin zamantakewa, wakilci a cikin abubuwan wasanni, bukatun addini da na ruhaniya, da wakilcin siyasa. Misali, jam'iyyar siyasa Ang Ladlad ta kafa ta Danton Remoto, sanannen mai ba da shawara na LGBT, a shekara ta 2003. Har ila yau, al'umma ta nuna goyon bayansu ta hanyar 21st LGBT Metro Manila Pride Maris da aka gudanar a Luneta Park a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2015, tare da taken, "Fight For Love: Iba-Iba. Sama-Sama". Wannan motsi yana da niyyar tunatar da al'ummar cewa gwagwarmayar kare hakkin LGBT gwagwarmaya ce ta kare hakkin dan adam. Masu ba da shawara suna kira ga Philippines don gane muryoyin mutanen da ke da nau'o'in jima'i daban-daban da kuma jinsi. A halin yanzu, babu wata kungiya ta LGBT a cikin Philippines.[15] Saboda haka, kungiyoyi suna aiki da kansu.[15] Saboda wadannan rarrabuwar, babu wani fifiko na kokarin, tare da kungiyoyi da ke mai da hankali kan abin da suke ganin yana da muhimmanci a gare su.[15]

A watan Disamba na 2004, majalisar birnin Marawi ta kada kuri'ar haramtawa maza fita cikin jama'a sanya kayan mata, kayan shafa, 'yan kunne "ko wasu kayan ado don bayyana sha'awarsu ta mace". Dokar da majalisar birnin Marawi ta zartar ta kuma haramta wandon wando mai launin shudi, da saman bututu da sauran kayan sawa. Bugu da ƙari, mata (kawai) ba dole ba ne su "zuba tunanin ƙazanta ko sha'awar sha'awa". Magajin garin ya ce wadannan yunkuri wani bangare ne na "tsafta da tsaftacewa" na Musulunci.[18]

A wani taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kafa kungiyar LGBT Watch Personnel mai samun goyon bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wakilin din din din na Philippines ya ki kada kuri'a. Kasashen musulmi da wasu kasashen gabashin Turai sun kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da kafuwarta. Duk da haka, kasashe daga yammacin Turai da Amurka tare da goyon bayan Vietnam, Koriya ta Kudu da Mongoliya, sun kada kuri'ar amincewa da kafa ta. An kafa ma'aikatan kula da LGBT ne bayan da akasarin kasashen da ke taron sun kada kuri'ar amincewa. Bayan 'yan watanni da kafuwar kwararen, wata gamayyar kasashen Afirka da ke jagorantar kungiyar ta yi wani yunkuri na korar kwararu na LGBT. A cikin Nuwamba 2016, mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kada kuri'a da rinjaye don rike ƙwararrun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan al'amuran LGBT. Duk da haka, wakilin na Philippines ya zaɓi sake ƙauracewa ƙauracewa, duk da kukan goyon bayan da aka yi na a ci gaba da riƙe ƙwararren ɗan LGBT daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.

A shekara ta 2016, Geraldine Roman ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaba a fili a Majalisar Dokokin Philippines. Bugu da ƙari, an zabi mutane da yawa na LGBT a bayyane zuwa mukaman kananan hukumomi a duk faɗin Philippines, gami da a matsayin magajin gari ko wakilai. A Arewacin Samar, biyu daga cikin kananan hukumomi 24 na lardin sun kasance karkashin jagorancin magajin gari na LGBT a wannan lokacin. Gundumomin Albay, Cebu, Leyte, Nueva Vizcaya da Quezon da kuma Metro Manila suna da zaɓaɓɓun jami'an LGBT.

A ƙarshen 2016, Ma'aikatar Jin Dadin Jama'a da Ci Gaba (DSWD) a ƙarƙashin Sakatariyar Judy Taguiwalo ta aiwatar da wata manufa, tare da Ma'aikatar Ilimi, inda suka ƙyale ɗalibai su yi amfani da rigunan rigunan da suka dace da jinsin su, da yarda da ɗaliban da suka yi ado da kansu a matsayin kishiyar jinsi.

A cikin Yuli 2017, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta aiwatar da Tsarin Ilimi na Farko na Jin Dadin Jinsi, wanda ya ƙunshi bitar tsarin karatun makarantun gwamnati don duba kowane nau'i na ra'ayin jinsi, gami da tushen LGBT. Manufar kuma ta ba da umarnin kiyaye jinsi da abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaba a makarantu; yana mai cewa za a yi bikin watan Yuni a matsayin Watan Alfahari.[19]

Bisa ga rahoton na ASEAN SOGIE Caucus da aka saki a watan Nuwamba 2017 a lokacin taron kolin ASEAN, Philippines yana canzawa zuwa "hanyar da za ta zama mafi budewa da kuma karbar al'amuran LGBT" kamar yadda aka gani a cikin haɓakar haɗin gwiwa da yarda daga jami'an gwamnati, musamman ma a cikin gundumomi da birane a fadin kasar irin su Zamboanga City, Metro Manila, Metro Daguio, Metro Daguio, Metro da sauransu. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa an samu sama da kananan hukumomi 20 da suka amince da dokokin gida kan daidaiton jinsi, amma birane biyu ne kawai - Quezon City da Cebu City - ke da dokoki da ka'idoji (IRR).

A watan Nuwambar 2019, M'lang, wata karamar hukuma a Cotabato, ta haramta sanya sutura da yin luwadi ga Musulmai tare da hukuncin ɗauri.[20]

A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2020, 'yan sanda sun kama mutane kusan 20 yayin wani tattakin Pride na LGBT a Manila. Daga baya an tuhumi masu zanga-zangar a karkashin dokoki daban-daban, kodayake suna bin ka'idojin nisantar da jama'a. Human Rights Watch ta zargi gwamnatin Philippines da yin amfani da cutar ta COVID-19 don murkushe masu adawa da zanga-zangar lumana.[21]

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, sabuwar gwamnatin da aka zaba ta ki amincewa da shawarwarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, gami da wucewar Dokar Daidaitawa ta SOGIE, tana mai cewa ba a yarda da ita ba ga gwamnati.[22] A watan Yuni na shekara mai zuwa, a cikin rashin aiki na gwamnati a kan lissafin, mutane 110,000+ da suka yi rikodin sun halarci Maris na Girma na 2023, ya zama mafi girman tafiya na girman kai a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Sashe na Dokar Daidaitawar SOGIE ya zama abin da aka fi sani da bikin.[23][24]

A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2020, 'yan sanda sun kama mutane kusan 20 yayin wani tattakin Pride na LGBT a Manila. Daga baya an tuhumi masu zanga-zangar a karkashin dokar daban-daban, tashar suna bin ka'idojin nisantar da jama'a. Human Rights Watch ta zargi Philippines da yin amfani da cutar ta COVID-19 don murkushe masu adawa da zanga-zangar lumana. Wannan shirin ya sami yabo daga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Philippines, wacce ta yaba da kokarin da gwamnatin birni ta yi na inganta daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma sanya kiwon lafiya ya fi sauƙi, da kuma bin dabi'un da aka inganta ta hanyar daidaito na kariya da aka tabbatar a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Philippines na 1987 da Ka'idodin Yogyakarta .

A shekara ta 2025, Kotun Kolin Philippines ta yanke hukuncin cewa boye luwadi da aka yi wa mijinsu ya zama hujja mai inganci na soke auren bisa dalilin zamba.

Dokoki game da jima'i na jinsi ɗaya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yin jima'i ba na kasuwanci ba, na sirri, na yarda tsakanin mutane masu jinsi ɗaya ya halatta a cikin Philippines. Babu wata sheda da aka rubuta na kowane irin hukuncin da aka zartar akan duk wani mutum da za a iya tuhume shi da kuma yanke masa hukunci kan irin wadannan ayyukan a karkashin dokar aikata laifuka. An saita shekarun dokar yarda a bisa doka da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun shekaru 16 ga duk mutane daga waccan shekarun da wasu sama da waccan shekarun, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jima'i da asalin jinsi ba. Duk da haka, duk wani nau'i na jima'i ko soyayya da ke faruwa a cikin jama'a na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin haramcin "babban abin kunya" a cikin sashe na 200 na kundin hukunta laifukan da aka sabunta, wanda ya ce: Magala na ashirin da 200. Babban abin kunya. — Hukuncin kama magajin gari da tozarta jama'a za a ɗora shi a kan duk mutumin da ya saba wa ɗa'a ko kyakkyawar al'ada ta kowace irin abin kunya da ba ta faɗo a cikin wani labarin na wannan ka'ida ba.

  1. ↑ "Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt Among Young Lesbian and Bisexual Filipina Women: Evidence for Disparities in the Philippines". Researchgate.net.
  2. ↑ "TIMELINE: SOGIE equality in the Philippines". RAPPLER (in Turanci). 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
  3. ↑ Galupo, Rey. "Manila bans gender discrimination". Philstar.com. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  4. ↑ "SOGI included in 'Anti-Bullying Act of 2013' IRR – Outrage Magazine". Outragemag.com. December 22, 2013. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Will proposed Civil Partnership Act prosper in 19th Congress? Herrera has fingers crossed". Manila Bulletin. July 6, 2022.
  6. ↑ "Padilla wants same-sex unions institutionalized". August 11, 2022.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02
  8. ↑ "LAKAPATI: The "Transgender" Tagalog Deity? Not so fast…". aswangproject.com. November 29, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  9. ↑ "The Moon God Libulan/ Bulan : Patron deity of homosexuals?". aswangproject.com. July 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  10. ↑ "LGBT Culture in Ancient Philippine Beliefs". aswangproject.com. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "10 Amazing Pinoy LGBTs Who Broke Barriers And Made History". FilipiKnow. October 7, 2018. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "filipiknow" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ Garcia, J. Neil C. (November 2004). "Male homosexuality in the Philippines: a short history" (PDF). IIAS Newsletter. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2015. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Samaon Sulaiman".
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :8
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  16. ↑ "UP Babaylan". Facebook.
  17. ↑ "ProGay Philippines".
  18. ↑ "Gay Philippines News & Reports 2003–06". Archive.globalgayz.com.
  19. ↑ "Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy" (PDF). Deped.gov.ph. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  20. ↑ Fuerzas, Garry (2019-11-10). "Barangay sa North Cotabato pinagtibay kontrobersiyal na resolusyon na bawal ang bakla at tomboy". Bombo Radyo News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  21. ↑ "Philippines Police Crack Down on LGBT Protest". Human Rights Watch. June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  22. ↑ "Statement of the Commission on Human Rights on the rejection of the Philippine delegation of the recommendation during the Universal Periodic Review to pass the SOGIE Equality Bill". November 22, 2022.
  23. ↑ "LOOK: Pinoy LGBTQIA+ community celebrates Pride 2023". Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  24. ↑ "More than 100k attend QC's Pride Festival". June 25, 2023.
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