Hakkin aure na yara a Sudan ta Kudu
 Hakkin aure na yara a Sudan ta Kudu | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
child marriage (en)  |
Aure na yara aure ne ko haɗin kai tsakanin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 zuwa wani yaro ko kuma ga babba.[1] Aure na yara ya zama ruwan dare a kasashe da yawa na Afirka. A Sudan ta Kudu, auren yara annoba ce mai girma. Aure na yara a Sudan ta Kudu yana haifar da abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kamar talauci da rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi.[2] Adadin yanzu sun nuna cewa Sudan ta Kudu tana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe a duniya idan ya zo ga auren yara.[3][4] Aure na yara yana da mummunar sakamako ga yara, gami da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ƙananan ilimin ga 'yan matan Sudan ta Kudu. An dauki matakai da yawa don yaki da auren yara a Sudan ta Kudu, amma kasancewar ka'idojin al'umma da rashin kwanciyar hankali suna ci gaba da fitar da kasancewarsa a cikin al'ummar.
Adadin yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sudan ta Kudu tana da matsayi na 6 mafi girma na auren yara a duniya.[1] A shekara ta 2008, ƙididdigar Sudan ta Kudu ta yi la'akari da cewa 'yan mata 2 cikin 5 sun yi aure kafin su kai shekaru 18.[5] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, kashi 52% na 'yan matan Sudan ta Kudu sun yi aure tun suna da shekaru 18 kuma kashi 9% sun yi aure da shekaru 15.[6] A Sudan ta Kudu, auren mata da yawa ya zama ruwan dare, kuma kashi 41% na auren yara sun haɗa da amarya fiye da ɗaya.[7] Bugu da kari, kashi 28% na 'yan mata sun yi aure yayin da yara suka yi juna biyu kafin su kai ga balaga.[3]
Tarihin auren yara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A duniya, wasu daga cikin manyan direbobi na auren yara sune bambancin jinsi tsakanin maza da mata da tsarin zamantakewa.[8] Wannan shi ne kuma a Sudan ta Kudu. Ana ganin aure a matsayin tushe ga al'umma a Sudan ta Kudu kuma yana ƙarfafa aikin aure na farko a kai a kai.[2] Aure na farko ya samo asali ne daga al'ummar karkara, inda salon rayuwar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kamar kiwon shanu, noma, da farauta sun nuna matsayin jinsi wanda matasan mata zasu iya cikawa cikin sauƙi.[2]
Saboda haka, a halin yanzu, auren yara a Sudan ta Kudu ana ganin shi a yankunan karkara na kasar.[2] A cikin waɗannan al'ummomin makiyaya, dokar gargajiya tana da iko akan dokar majalisa. Dokokin doka na iya kare 'ya'yan mata daga ayyukan aure na farko amma rashin tsari da aiwatarwa ya haifar da rata tsakanin dokar gargajiya da al'ada.[9] Wadannan dokoki na al'ada galibi ba su da shekaru da ake buƙata don aure.[10] Shawarwarin yaro ya yi aure shine umarnin uba ko wasu mazajen iyali. Mahaifiyar ba ta da wani iko a cikin shawarar da ya kamata ya amfane iyali.[11]
Bayan haila da farashin amarya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babu shekarun da aka tsara wanda aka ɗauka yarinya a shirye take ta yi aure. Lokacin da aka fi so ga yaro ya yi aure ya dogara ne akan ci gaban haihuwa na jiki da na jima'i.[2] Lokacin da yaro ya haila kuma ya sami "lokacin" ta, ta cancanci yin aure.[2]
A Sudan ta Kudu, matasa dole ne su yi aure da farko kuma su biya sadaki don a dauke su manya.[12] Kyauta ita ce biyan da ke cikin auren yara. ango yana biyan sadaki ga dangin yarinyar, kuma hanyoyin biyan kuɗi sun haɗa da shanu, kuɗi (kudi). [13] Cattles suna da mahimmanci ga al'ummomin makiyaya a Sudan ta Kudu kuma ana amfani da su don nuna dukiya da matsayi na mutane.[13] A matsayin biyan kuɗi ga amarya, iyalin na iya karɓar wani wuri tsakanin shanu goma zuwa ɗaruruwan.[13] Farashin amarya ya bambanta a kan abubuwa da yawa kamar ilimin amarya, iyali, kyau, da al'umma.[13]
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dalilin auren yara shine dangin jaririn su kasance cikin matsayi mai kyau kuma su sami wadatar kudi. Iyalan suna riƙe da wannan al'ada don kiyaye 'ya'yansu lafiya da kuma hana 'yarsu daga ɗaukar yara ba tare da yin aure ba.[9] Wannan ra'ayin yana kare girman kai da girmamawa na iyalai. A cikin al'ummar gargajiya 'yan mata suna da ƙarfin da bai dace ba, kuma maza a cikin iyali suna yin waɗannan yanke shawara.[11] Iyalai kuma suna auren 'ya'yansu tun suna ƙanana don tabbatar da' ya'yansu mata suna da kariya da tsaro wanda ke kara damar rayuwarsu.[14]
Ayyukan auren yara na gargajiya a Sudan ta Kudu sun samo asali ne daga jinsi da ka'idojin zamantakewa. Saboda haka, 'yan mata sun ƙuduri aniyar zama masu iya yin aure ta hanyar shekarun da lokacin su ya fara, yayin da shirye-shiryen maza ya ƙayyade ta hanyar ikon su na samar da iyalansu.[15] Iyalai kuma suna yanke shawarar yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan auren ke faruwa, kamar yadda a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin gargajiya sau da yawa ana ganin dattawa sun san ka'idoji da tsammanin mafi kyau.[15] Wannan yana ba su damar samun karin magana a cikin aure fiye da ango da amarya waɗanda dole ne su sami yardar dattawa su shiga ko barin waɗannan auren[2]
Talauci yana taka rawa a yadda 'yan amarya ke yin aure. Sau da yawa ana yin aure don rage matsalolin kudi ga iyalai, da kuma damar samun riba kamar sadaki.[16] Lokacin da suke fuskantar talauci, ana ganin sadaki a matsayin damar karshe ga sauran dangin su tsira.[17] Sau da yawa ƙasashe inda iyalai ke fuskantar yawan talauci suma suna fuskantar rikici, wanda ke haifar da yawan auren yara.[16] Yaƙin basasar Sudan ta Kudu wanda ya ci gaba tun 2013 ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ya haifar da talauci da tilasta ƙaura. Rashin kwanciyar hankali na kudi yana haifar da yarjejeniyar aure inda iyalai za su iya samun riba daga auren 'ya'yansu mata maimakon ilimantar da su.[18]
Sakamakon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aure na yara yana da sakamako ga yara. Nazarin kiwon lafiya da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa matasan mata suna da haɗari mafi girma a cikin ciki fiye da tsofaffin mata saboda jikin su da kuma karamin pelvises.[9] Aure na yara wanda ke haifar da ciki a Sudan ta Kudu ya ba da gudummawa ga yawan mace-mace a kasar. Yawan mace-mace a Sudan ta Kudu shine mutuwar 2,054 ga kowane haihuwa 100,000.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Child marriage". www.unicef.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-08. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Madut, Kon K. (2020). "Determinants of Early Marriage and Construction of Gender Roles in South Sudan". SAGE Open (in Turanci). 10 (2): 215824402092297. doi:10.1177/2158244020922974. ISSN 2158-2440. S2CID 219478978. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Child Marriage and the Hunger Crisis in South Sudan: A Case Study - South Sudan | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in Turanci). 31 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-22. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "reliefweb.int" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Some things are not fit for children – marriage is one of them". www.unicef.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ↑ "Open Access Repository | Princeton University Library" (PDF). oar.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-10.
- ↑ UNICEF and UNFPA (September 2018). "Child Marriage: A Mapping of Programmes and Partners in Twelve Countries in East and Southern Africa" (PDF).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "UNFPA ESARO" (PDF). UNFPA ESARO (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-09. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Some things are not fit for children – marriage is one of them". www.unicef.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Odhiambo, Agnes (2013-03-07). ""This Old Man Can Feed Us, You Will Marry Him": Child and Forced Marriage in South Sudan". Human Rights Watch (in Turanci). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Tahirih – Forced Marriage Initiative Forced Marriage Overseas: South Sudan". preventforcedmarriage.org. Retrieved 2017-11-10.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Why it happens". Girls Not Brides (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-11. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":6" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "United States Institute of Peace" (PDF). United States Institute of Peace (in Turanci). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-10.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Born to be Married" (PDF).
- ↑ Chand Basha, P (November 2016). "Child marriage: Causes, consequences and intervention programmes" (PDF). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Madut, Kon K. (April 2020). "Determinants of Early Marriage and Construction of Gender Roles in South Sudan". SAGE Open (in Turanci). 10 (2): 215824402092297. doi:10.1177/2158244020922974. ISSN 2158-2440. S2CID 219478978.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Why it happens". Girls Not Brides (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ↑ "Child Marriage and the Hunger Crisis in South Sudan: A Case Study - South Sudan". ReliefWeb (in Turanci). 31 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ↑ Lewis, Katrin (November 2021). "The Combined Impact of Civil Conflict and Unregulated Child, Early, and Forced Marriage on Female Secondary Education in South Sudan" (PDF). Gender Law and Security: Selected Student Research from the Project on Gender and the Global Community.