Hakkin haihuwa
 Hakkin haihuwa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Haƙƙoƙi |
Hakkin haihuwa shine ra'ayin abubuwa da ke faruwa ga mutum a kan ko ta hanyar haihuwarsa, ko kuma saboda tsari na haihuwar su. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa bisa ga wurin inda aka haifi mutumin ko haƙƙin ɗan ƙasar iyayen su, da haƙƙin gado ga dukiyar mallakar iyaye ko wasu.
Ma'anar haƙƙin haihuwa tsoho ne, kuma galibi ana bayyana shi a wani bangare tare da ra'ayoyin shugabanci da tsarin haihuwa. Misali, "[t]a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki ra'ayin haƙƙin haihuwa yana da alaƙa da ɗan fari. Wato, ɗan fari ya gaji haƙƙin haihuwa kuma yana da tsammanin haihuwa", wanda a tarihi ya yi magana game da haƙƙin, ta hanyar doka ko al'ada, na ɗan fari na halal don ya gaji dukan iyaye ko babban dukiya a fifiko ga gado da aka raba tsakanin duka ko wasu yara, kowane ɗan da ba bisa ka'ida ba. A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, mai fafutukar Ingila John Lilburne ya yi amfani da kalmar dangane da haƙƙin 'yan Ingila "don nuna duk abin da ya dace da ɗan ƙasa" na Ingila, wanda "an yi iƙirarin daga dokar Ingilishi zuwa manyan hukumomi". Kalmar ta shahara a Indiya ta hanyar mai ba da shawara kan mulkin kai Bal Gangadhar Tilak a cikin shekarun 1890, lokacin da Tilak ya karɓi taken da abokinsa Kaka Baptista ya kirkira: "Swaraj (mulkin kai) shine haƙƙoƙina na haihuwa kuma zan sami shi. " Kalmar nan kuma "ta kai matsayin taken siyasa".
A cikin mahallin haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa, "[t]ya kalmar haƙƙin haihuwa ba kawai cewa ana samun memba a lokacin haihuwa ko kuma a kan tushen haihuwa ba, har ma da cewa kasancewa memba yana da matsayi na rayuwa ga mutum kuma yana ci gaba a cikin tsararraki ga 'yan ƙasa a matsayin rukuni". Kasancewar ɗan ƙasa na haihuwa ya daɗe yana da fasalin dokar Ingila. Calvin's Case, ya kasance da mahimmanci yayin da ya tabbatar da cewa, a karkashin dokar Ingilishi, "an ba da matsayin mutum a lokacin haihuwa, kuma bisa ga wurin haihuwa - mutumin da aka haifa a cikin mulkin sarki ya ci amanar mai mulki, kuma a bi da bi, ya cancanci kariya ta sarki. Wannan ka'idar ta karɓa ta Amurka a matsayin "tsofaffi da mahimmanci", watau, an kafa shi da kyau, kamar yadda Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta kafa shi a cikin tsohuwar Amurka ta Amurka ta Amurka da kuma 'yanci ta Amurka da aka haife su, 'yanci, 'yan ƙasa masu zaman kansu suna dogara da Amurka da yawa' yanci, 'ya' yanci na Amurka, 'yan asalin ƙasarsu masu zaman kansu sun' yanci da Amurka, sun' yan ƙasa masu zaman su na Amurka, sun tabbatarwa, sun' yarensu masu zaman kansu a cikin Amurka, sun haɗa da Amurka, sun dogara da Amurka.[2]
Ma'anar haƙƙin haihuwa wanda ya sauko daga shiga cikin wani al'ada an nuna shi a cikin shirin Birthright Isra'ila, wanda aka fara a shekarar 1994. Shirin yana ba da tafiye-tafiye kyauta don ziyartar Isra'ila ga mutanen da ke da aƙalla iyaye ɗaya na asalin Yahudawa, ko waɗanda suka tuba zuwa addinin Yahudanci ta hanyar sanannen ƙungiyar Yahudawa, kuma waɗanda ba sa yin wani addini. Dole ne su kasance tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa shekarar 32, bayan makarantar sakandare, ba su yi tafiya zuwa Isra'ila ba a kan tafiyar ilimi ko shirin karatu bayan shekaru 18 kuma ba su zauna a Isra'ila bayan shekaru 12.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kasancewa ɗan ƙasa
- Nuna bambanci
- Masarautar gado
- Mulkin mallaka
- Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Price, Polly J. (1997). "Natural Law and Birthright Citizenship in Calvin's Case (1608)". Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities. 9.
- ↑ 77 Eng. Rep. 377 (1608); Robert Calvin was born in Scotland around 1606. He inherited estates in England, but his rights thereto were challenged on the grounds that, as a Scot, he could not legally own English land.[1]