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Hakkin mata 'yancin dan adam ne

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The First Lady Hillary Clinton during her speech in Beijing, China.
Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka Hillary Rodham Clinton yayin jawabinta a Beijing, China.

"Hakkin mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne" jumla ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin ƙungiyoyin mata. An fara amfani da kalmar a cikin 1980s da farkon 1990s. Mafi shaharar amfani da shi shine sunan jawabin da Hillary Rodham Clinton, Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka, ta bayar a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 1995, a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan mata na hudu a nan birnin Beijing.[1] A cikin wannan jawabin, ta yi kokarin danganta ra'ayin 'yancin mata da na 'yancin ɗan adam. A cikin jawabin, Clinton ta yi amfani da wannan furci a cikin dogon lokaci, tsai da shawarwari, "Haƙƙin ɗan adam 'yancin mata ne kuma haƙƙin mata 'yancin ɗan adam ne."

Amfani na farko

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Ra'ayin, idan ba a cikin waɗannan takamaiman kalmomi ba, cewa "yancin mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne" an fara bayyana shi da kalmomi daban-daban daga abolitionists da proto-feminists Sarah Moore Grimké da Angelina Grimké Weld a ƙarshen shekarun 1830. A cikin jerin wasikun da ta rubuta game da daidaito na jinsi, Sarah Moore Grimké ta rubuta, "Saboda haka ban san komai game da haƙƙin mutum ba, ko haƙƙin mace; haƙƙin ɗan adam duk abin da na gane". 'Tunanin, idan ba a cikin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun kalmomi ba, cewa "'yancin mata 'yancin ɗan adam ne" an fara bayyana shi tare da furci daban-daban ta hanyar abolitionists da proto-feminists Sarah Moore Grimké da Angelina Grimké Weld a ƙarshen 1830s. A cikin jerin wasiƙun ta kan daidaiton jinsi, Sarah Moore Grimké ta rubuta, "Saboda haka ban san kome ba game da haƙƙin namiji, ko 'yancin mace; 'yancin ɗan adam shine duk abin da na gane".

An yi amfani da kalmar "Hakkin mata 'yancin ɗan adam" a lokaci-lokaci a shekarun 1980 da farkon rabin 1990, kafin jawabin Clinton. Misalai sun haɗa da a cikin 1984, lokacin da New York Times ta yi ƙaulin shugabar Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta birnin New York, Marcella Maxwell, ta yin amfani da wannan furci a cikin tattaunawa. Cecilia Medina, sanannen lauya na Chile, ta sake amfani da shi a shekarar 1985, a cikin wata takarda mai mahimmanci game da mata. Taken aikinta shine 'Hakkokin Mata a matsayin 'Yancin Dan Adam: Kasashen Latin Amurka da Kungiyar Kasashen Amurka (OAS).' A cikin bayyana ra'ayin mai tarihi, Madina ta rubuta cewa, "A matsayin sakamako mai ma'ana na gaskiyar cewa 'yancin mata shine 'yancin ɗan adam, mata, a ka'idar, yunkuri ne na cimma al'ummar dimokuradiyya, wanda ba tare da haƙƙin ɗan adam ba za a iya jin dadinsa sosai."

Wani dan siyasar kasar Canada Ed Broadbent, wanda shi ne shugaban cibiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa da kasa da ci gaban dimokuradiyya, ya yi amfani da wannan furuci a wata hira da jaridar Calgary Herald a watan Janairun 1993, inda ya ce, "Idan muka yi imani a matsayin al'umma cewa 'yancin mata 'yancin ɗan adam ne, to lokaci ya yi da za a daina nuna wariya ga mata a manufofin 'yan gudun hijira."[2] Laurel Fletcher ne ya yi amfani da wannan jumlar a yayin taron karawa juna sani na dokokin kasa da kasa na shekarar 1993 mai suna take hakkin Dan-Adam a kan Mata, wanda Fletcher, Allyn Taylor da Joan Fitzpatrick suka buga a 1994.[3] Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniya Ta Malesiya kan Hakkokin Bil Adama, wadda ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama suka buga a watan Disamba 1994, ta fara da jumlar “Hakkin Mata Haƙƙin Dan Adam ne."[4] 

Jawabin Clinton

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Fayil na sauti na Clinton yana bayyana, "Idan akwai saƙo guda ɗaya da ke fitowa daga wannan taron, bari a ce 'yancin ɗan adam 'yancin mata ne kuma 'yancin mata 'yancin ɗan adam ne, sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya."
Hotuna na jawabin Clinton gaba ɗaya. A kusan 14:45, Clinton ta furta sanannen layin, "Kwancin Mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne"

A cikin shirin yin jawabinta, Clinton mai shekaru 47 ta kalubalanci matsin lamba na cikin gida da matsin lamba ta waje na kasar Sin don sauƙaƙa maganganunta. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa dukansu sun yi ƙoƙari su hana ta a kan dalilin cewa zai fusata Sinawa. Duk da yake Shugaba Bill Clinton ya ga jawabin a gaba, mataimakansa ba su da shi, kuma Shugaban Ma'aikatan Fadar White House Thomas McLarty yana ƙarƙashin ra'ayi cewa ba zai ce wani sabon abu ko mai rikitarwa ba.[5] Wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam sun kuma ki amincewa da Clinton da ke magana a kasar Sin, suna tsoron hakan zai ba da izini ga wannan gwamnati, kuma yanayin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje shi ne cewa za a saki mai fafutukar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na kasar Sin Harry Wu kafin ta bayyana, wanda shi ne.[5] Wasu kungiyoyin Katolika masu murya sun soki taron a matsayin "mai adawa da iyali" yayin da wasu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka ce Clinton a bayyane za ta tura "ajenda mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na mata" yayin da take can.[5]

Da zarar ya faru a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 1995, an gabatar da jawabin Clinton a cikin babban zauren taron. A ciki, ta yi jayayya game da ayyukan cin zarafin mata a duniya da kuma China kanta. Da yake mayar da hankali ga gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi da kuma mata, ta bayyana imanin ta cewa batutuwan da mata da 'yan mata ke fuskanta galibi ana watsi da su ko kuma "siru" don haka ba a warware su ba.[6] Abubuwan da aka kawo a cikin jawabin sun haɗa da Mutuwar sadaki da manufofin ɗa ɗaya na kasar Sin.[7]

Hillary Clinton ta bayyana cewa "ba za a iya yarda da ita ba don tattauna haƙƙin mata kamar yadda ya bambanta da haƙƙin ɗan adam". Wakilan daga kasashe sama da 180 sun ji ta ce: 

"Idan akwai wani sako daya fito daga wannan taro, a ce 'yancin dan adam 'yancin mata ne, 'yancin mata kuma 'yancin ɗan adam ne, sau ɗaya."[8]

Ta biyo bayan haka da cewa, "Muddin nuna bambanci da rashin adalci ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a ko'ina a duniya, muddin 'yan mata da mata ba su da kima, ba a ciyar da su, ciyar da su a karshe, ba a yi musu aiki ba, ba a biya su ba, ba a makaranta ba, da cin zarafi a ciki da wajen gidajensu, ba za a samu damar da 'yan Adam ke da shi na samar da zaman lafiya, duniya mai wadata ba, ba za a samu cikas ba".

Ba a ba wa ‘yan kasar China damar halartar wannan jawabi ba, kuma an sanya baki a gidajen rediyo da talabijin na kasar Sin.

Jawabin ya sami sanannen hankalin kafofin watsa labarai a lokacin. Mai ba da labari na NBC Tom Brokaw ya ce, "A hanyarsa, ta yi nasara kai tsaye a kan Sinanci," yayin da wakilin wannan cibiyar sadarwa Andrea Mitchell ya ce "baƙon abu ne" ga uwargidan shugaban Amurka ta shiga cikin irin wannan muhimmin aikin diflomasiyya.[9] Jaridar New York Times ta ce Clinton ta yi magana "da karfi game da haƙƙin ɗan adam fiye da kowane babban jami'in Amurka a ƙasar Sin".

Kyauta

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Ana ganin jawabin yana da tasiri a harkar kare hakkin mata. Musamman, ya zama wani muhimmin lokaci a cikin ƙarfafa mata, kuma bayan shekaru mata a duniya za su karanta mahimman kalmomin Clinton.

A shekara ta 2011, Clinton ta dauki irin wannan matsayi kan 'yancin LGBT a wani jawabi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da ranar kare hakkin bil'adama ta duniya, inda ta bayyana "'yancin ɗan adam 'yancin ɗan adam ne, kuma haƙƙin ɗan adam 'yancin ɗan luwaɗi ne".

A cikin 2013, bayan lokacin Clinton a matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Clinton ta jagoranci bita a Clinton Global Initiative game da yadda haƙƙin mata ya canza tun daga jawabinta na 1995. Ya kammala cewa an sami ci gaba ga 'yan mata a ilimi da kuma mata da' yan mata a kiwon lafiya amma mata a duniya har yanzu suna shan wahala saboda rashin haƙƙin siyasa da rashin tsaro. A cikin kalmomin Clinton: "Wannan wani nau'i ne na rabin gilashi".[5]

A ranar cika shekaru ashirin da jawabin a shekarar 2015, an sami karin abubuwan da suka faru a kai. Ba kowa ba ne ya so shi: lauyan da ke bayyane Bruce Fein ya ce: "Ta yi wata sanarwa a Beijing wacce ba ta da zurfi sosai - cewa mata mutane ne".[5]

Jawabin da magana sun zama abin da ya fi dacewa da yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Clinton na 2016. Kamfen ɗin ya sayar da T-shirts da ke cewa "yancin mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne" a kantin sayar da kamfen ɗin ta, dangane da jawabinta.[10] Har ila yau, yakin ya sayar da jaka wanda ke dauke da cikakken magana "Kwancin Dan Adam shine haƙƙin mata kuma haƙƙin mata shine haƙƙin ɗan adam"; a kan jaka an nuna shi cikin harsuna shida.[11] Hakanan, kamfen ɗin ya sayar da T-shirt na Tory Burch wanda ke nuna kalmar "yancin mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne..." a cikin manyan haruffa.[12] Har ila yau, kamfen ɗin ya kirkiro nassoshin hotuna da nuni na abubuwan da ake buƙata don kayan ado na Halloween guda biyar, gami da "'yancin mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne' Hillary". [13]

A cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Jennifer Lopez na 2016 don waƙarta mai suna "Ba Mamanku ba", ana iya jin samfurin Clinton da ke ba da wani ɓangare na jawabinta, musamman, "Haƙƙin ɗan adam 'yancin mata ne, 'yancin mata kuma 'yancin ɗan adam ne, sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya. "

A cikin 2017, don Ranar Mata ta Duniya, Madonna ta fitar da wani ɗan gajeren fim mai suna Labari; ya kare da sakon “Hakkin mata hakkin dan Adam ne".[14]

Kamar yadda likita Leslie Regan ya tabbatar a cikin Jarida na Magungunan Jima'i, kalmar ta kasance mai dacewa a cikin maganganun siyasa a cikin 2010s, musamman game da tattaunawar manufofin game da lafiyar jima'i na mata da haƙƙin haifuwa.[15]

Bayanan da aka ambata

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Haɗin waje

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  1. ↑ Fester, Gertrude (1994). "Women's Rights Are Human Rights". Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity. 20 (20): 76–79. doi:10.2307/4065874. JSTOR 4065874.
  2. ↑ "Gender-related Refugee Claims". Government of Canada Publications. March 1994.
  3. ↑ Fletcher, Laurel; Taylor, Allyn; Fitzpatrick, Joan (1994). "Human Rights Violations Against Women". Whittier Law Review. 15 (319). Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  4. ↑ "Malaysian Charter on Human Rights". Malaysian NGOs. 1994. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named timesfd
  6. ↑ Clinton, Hillary Rodham (1996). "Women's Rights Are Human Rights". Women's Studies Quarterly. 24 (1/2): 98–101. JSTOR 40004518.
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nyt090695
  8. ↑ Lemmon, Gayle Tzemach (March 6, 2011). "The Hillary Doctrine". Newsweek.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nbcnn
  10. ↑ Apparel. "The Trailblazer Tee | Shop | Hillary for America Shop". Shop.hillaryclinton.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  11. ↑ Accessories. "Statement Bag | The Shop". Shop.hillaryclinton.com. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Tory Burch Tee | The Shop". Shop.hillaryclinton.com. June 23, 2016. Archived from the original on November 6, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Texts from Hillary and 4 other DIY Hillary Clinton costumes for Halloween | The Feed | Hillary for America". Hillaryclinton.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  14. ↑ Legaspi, Althea (March 8, 2017). "See Madonna's Stylish International Women's Day Short Film". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  15. ↑ Regan, Lesley (2017). "Integrating Human Rights and Women's Health. Competencies for Practice". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 14 (5): e221–e222. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.162.
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