Hakkin zama dan takara
 Hakkin zama dan takara | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Q4445093  da Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa |
| Hakkin zama dan takara | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Q4445093 da Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa |
Dokokin gabatarwa a cikin zaɓe suna tsara yanayin da ɗan takara ko Jam'iyyar siyasa ke da damar tsayawa takara. Haƙƙin tsayawa takara, haƙƙin zama ɗan takara ko kuma zaɓen da ba a yarda da shi ba wani ɓangare ne na zaɓen kyauta da adalci.[1] Zaɓin da ba a yarda da shi ba ya bambanta da zaɓin da ke aiki, haƙƙin jefa kuri'a. Ƙa'idojin tsayawa a matsayin ɗan takara ya dogara da tsarin shari'a na mutum. Suna iya haɗawa da Shekarar dan takara, zama ɗan ƙasa, amincewar jam'iyyar siyasa da sana'a.[2] Za'a iya amfani da ƙuntatawa na dokoki, kamar ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewar ɗabi'a, ta hanyar nuna bambanci. Dokokin ƙuntatawa da nuna bambanci na iya tasiri ga haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƴan takara, jam'iyyun siyasa, da masu jefa ƙuri'a.
A wasu yankuna dole ne a zaɓi ɗan takara ko jam'iyya ba kawai ba amma kuma dole ne ya zartar da dokoki daban-daban don a lissafa shi a takardar zabe. A ƙasar Amurka, ana kiran wannan damar jefa ƙuri'a.
Ostiraliya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kanada
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƴan ƙasar Kanada suna da ƴancin tsarin mulki don tsayawa takara a Majalisar Wakilai ta ƙasar Kanada da kuma majalisun majalisa na lardin. Ba ya buƙatar jam'iyyar siyasa ta zaɓi ɗan ƙasa don tsayawa takara.
Don a zaɓi shi a matsayin ɗan takara na House of Commons, dole ne ɗan ƙasa ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 18 a ranar zaɓe. Dole ne ɗan takara ya sami sa hannu da yawa daga masu jefa ƙuri'a a cikin hawa da suke tsaye a ciki - yawanci sa hannu 100, amma sa hannu 50 suna karɓa a cikin hawa mai nisa ko manyan hawa. Ɗan takara ba ya buƙatar zama a cikin hawa inda aka zaɓa su, amma ana iya zabar su ne kawai a cikin hawa ɗaya. Dokar tarayya, Dokar Zabe ta Kanada, ce ta tsara buƙatun gabatarwa, kuma wata hukumar tarayya da ba ta jam'iyya ba ce ke gudanar da su, Zaɓe ta Canada.
Ɗan takara na iya neman gabatarwa daga jam'iyyar siyasa mai rijista don wakiltar wannan jam'iyya a zaɓen. Zaɓen jam'iyyar ya bambanta da tsarin zaɓen tare da Elections Canada . Kowace jam'iyyar siyasa ta kafa tsarin nata na gabatarwa kuma tana gudanar da tsarin gabatarwa kanta. A matsayin doka ta gaba ɗaya, membobin jam'iyyar ne kawai ke da damar yin zaɓe a cikin tsarin zaɓen jam'iyya. A matakin tarayya, akwai dokoki da ke kula da gudummawa da kashewa don gabatarwa na jam'iyya. Idan jam'iyyar siyasa ta yi rajista tare da Elections Canada kuma ta zaɓi ɗan takarar don wakiltar jam'iyyar, ana iya haɗa haɗin jam'iyyar a cikin ƙuri'un.
Dokokin gabatarwa suna kama da juna a kowane lardin goma da yankuna uku.
Majalisar Tarayyar Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙasashen membobin EU na iya saita nasu dokoki game da samun damar jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓen Majalisar Tarayyar Turai. A ƙasashe kamar su,Denmark, Jamus, Girka, Estonia, Netherlands, Sweden, da Jamhuriyar Czech, dole ne jam'iyyun siyasa su zaɓi 'yan takara. A cikin sauran jihohin membobin, ana buƙatar ƙayyadadden adadin sa hannu. A cikin ƙasar Netherlands da United Kingdom (kafin Brexit), ana buƙatar ajiya da sa hannu. A cikin Jamhuriyar Ireland, ana iya zaɓar ƴan takara ko dai ta jam'iyyar siyasa mai rijista ko kuma ta mambobi 60 na masu jefa ƙuri'a masu dacewa.[3] Haƙƙin tsayawa a matsayin ɗan takara a zaɓen Majalisar Tarayyar Turai da na birni yana cikin Mataki na 39 da Mataki na 40 na Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙi na Tarayyar Duniya .
Faransa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masu neman kujerar shugaban ƙasa na buƙatar sa hannun mutane 500 na zaɓaɓɓun mutane (masu unguwanni, ƴan majalisa, kansilolin yanki).
A cikin zaɓen birni, dole ne 'yan takara su gabatar da takarda da wasu masu jefa kuri'a suka sanya hannu, adadin sa hannun da ake buƙata dangane da yawan jama'ar gari.[4]
Malesiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sweden
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƴan takara don zaɓen Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, Riksdag, majalisun gundumar ko majalisun birni suna tsaye a kan ƙuri'un jam'iyyun su. Jam'iyyun na iya samun jerin sunayen guda ɗaya ko fiye. Abin da ake kira "ƴancin zaɓe kyauta" (fri nomineringsrätt) yana nufin cewa idan wata jam'iyya ba ta kare lakabin jam'iyyarta ba, kowa na iya kafa ƙuri'a ga wannan jam'iyyar. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya zaɓar mutane don jam'iyyar da ba ta da goyon bayan mutanen da ke bayan jam'iyyar. Don kauce wa wannan, dole ne jam'iyyar ta nemi lakabin kariya. Babu ka'idoji game da yadda za a shirya jam'iyyar da ba a kare lakabin jam'iyyar ba. Samar da jam'iyya ko gudu a cikin zaben yana da sauƙin gaske, kuma akwai lokutan da mutum ɗaya ya sanya ƙuri'u daban-daban tare da sunaye daban-daban da kansa a matsayin ɗan takara kawai. Jam'iyyun suna biyan ƙuri'un su sai dai idan sun sami fiye da kashi 1 cikin 100 na ƙuri'un a daya daga cikin zaɓi kan Riksdag guda biyu da suka gabata, a wannan yanayin Hukumar Zabe ta biya. (Bugu da ƙari, jam'iyyun da suka sami fiye da kashi 1 cikin 100 na kuri'un a daya daga cikin zaɓi kan biyu da suka gabata na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai suna samun ƙuri'un su a cikin zabukan Turai.) Hukumar Zabe ta tabbatar, duk da haka, cewa akwai kuri'un da ba su da komai inda masu jefa kuri'a za su iya rubuta a cikin sunan jam'iyyar da suke so su Zaɓe.
Don a ba shi laƙabin kariya, jam'iyya dole ne ta sami kundin tsarin mulki, kwamitin, kuma dole ne ta yanke shawara kan sunanta da kuma neman matsayin lakabin kide-kide tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Tsakiya ta Sweden. Dole ne kuma ya nada wani don yin aiki a madadinsa yayin gabatar da aikace-aikacen ga Hukumar Zaɓe. Dole ne a sanya waɗannan yanke shawara a cikin yarjejeniya. Dole ne kuma ya buƙaci sa hannu da yawa daga masu jefa ƙuri'a: 50 don zaɓen birni, 150 don zaɓen majalisa, da 1,500 don zaɓen Riksdag ko Majalisar Tarayyar Turai. A ƙarshe, sunan jam'iyyar dole ne ya kasance kusa da sunan lakabin jam'iyyar da aka riga aka kare don kauce wa rikicewa.
Jam'iyyar da ke da lakabin kariya ana kare ta daga kuri'un da ke da alamun jam'iyya waɗanda suke da kama da na jam'iyyar, ko kuri'un tare da wasu 'yan takara fiye da waɗanda jam'iyyar ta ruwaito. (Wannan ba ya tsayawa ga wasu yankuna sai dai inda jam'iyyar ke gudana - saboda haka akwai kuma akwai jam'iyyun daban-daban da suna iri ɗaya a cikin kananan hukumomi da majalisun gundumar daban-daban.) A mayar da martani, dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa 'yan takararsa sun amince a rubuce don yin takarar jam'iyyar.[5]
Turkiyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mataki na 36 na Dokar Jam'iyyun Siyasa, kamar yadda aka yi gyare-gyare a cikin shekarata 2021 ta Dokar No. 7393, ta bayyana cewa don shiga cikin zaɓe: Jam'iyyu na siyasa dole ne su kafa ƙungiya a kalla rabin lardunan Turkiyya, dole ne su gudanar da manyan majalisunsu aƙalla watanni shida kafin ranar jefa kuri'a, kuma dole ne su yi gundumominsu, larduna da manyan majalisa sau biyu a jere.[6]
Ƙasar Ingila
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan sune ka'idojin gabatarwa na asali ga dan takara (ko mai zaman kansa, ko kuma yana da alaƙa da jam'iyyar siyasa). Don amfani da sunan jam'iyya (da tambarin) dole ne jam'iyyar siyasa mai rijista ta ba da izini ga dan takara, ko kuma suna iya tsayawa a matsayin 'Mai zaman kansa' ko kuma ba tare da bayanin ba.
Dan takara don zaben Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Dinkinobho ta Scotland, Majalisar Dattijai ko Majalisar Dinkin duniya ta Arewa tana buƙatar amincewar masu jefa kuri'a goma da aka yi rajista, tare da ajiyar zabe na £ 500, wanda aka rasa idan dan takarar ya lashe kasa da 5% na kuri'un.
Dan takarar ofishin karamar hukuma ba ya buƙatar biyan ajiya (sai dai ga zaɓen magajin gari, wanda ajiyar ta kai £ 500), amma yana buƙatar amincewar ko dai masu jefa kuri'a biyu da aka yi rajista (don majami'a ko zaɓen gari) ko masu jefa kuriʼa goma (don duk sauran zaɓen gida).
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokokin Samun damar jefa kuri'a sun bambanta sosai a Amurka.
Jima'i bai taba zama abin da ake buƙata don riƙe mukamin zaɓaɓɓen ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ba, kamar yadda yake ga wasu ƙasashe. Kodayake mata ba za su iya jefa kuri'a a zaben tarayya ba kafin jihar Wyoming a cikin shekarata 1890 (ban da mata masu mallakar gida a New Jersey har zuwa shekarar 1807), babu wani shingen tsarin mulki ga aikinsu a cikin Majalisar Wakilai, ko a cikin Shugaban kasa ko Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. [7] Wannan zai zama misali na zaɓen da ba a yi amfani da shi ba, duk da cewa ba a taɓa amfani da shi.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rashin dandamali
- Gasar zabe
- Jerin jam'iyyun siyasa da aka haramta
- Hamayya (Siyasa)
- Tsayar da siyasa
- Tallafin jam'iyyar siyasa
- Fursunoni na siyasa
- Kamawa mai sarrafawa
- Dan takarar zabe wanda ba ɗan adam ba
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Bishop, Sylvia; Hoeffler, Anke (2016). "Free and fair elections: A new database". Journal of Peace Research. 53 (4): 608–616. doi:10.1177/0022343316642508. S2CID 110571606.
- ↑ "Criteria to stand as a candidate — ACE Electoral Knowledge Network". Aceproject.org. 2010-09-03. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- ↑ "Nomination of Candidates for election to the European Parliament". Citizensinformation.ie. 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- ↑ Perez-Vincent, Santiago M. (2023). "A few signatures matter: Barriers to entry in Italian local politics". European Journal of Political Economy. 78. ISSN 0176-2680. p. 5
- ↑ "Registrera partibeteckning". Val.se. 2012-07-12. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
- ↑ Yılmaz, Didem (13 September 2022). "The Effects of the Latest Modifications on Electoral Laws in Turkey". Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- ↑ "The Executive Branch". The White House (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-01-10.