Hamad al-Hajji
 Hamad al-Hajji | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Marāt (en)  , 1939 |
| ƙasa | Saudi Arebiya |
| Mutuwa | Ta'if, 8 Nuwamba, 1988 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Jami'ar Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic |
| Harsuna | Larabci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | maiwaƙe |
ahaifiyarsa ta rasu a lokacin da bai kai shekara goma ba, kuma yayarsa Hayla da mijinta suka taso cikin talauci. Bayan ya sami takardar shaidar kammala firamare a garinsu, ya koma Riyadh babban birnin kasar Saudiyya a shekarar 1951. A nan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Shari’a da Kwalejin Harshen Larabci, sannan ya yi jarrabawar farko a kwalejojin biyu. Kafin kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1961, ya kamu da tabin hankali, kuma an gano cewa yana da schizophrenia mai tsanani. An yi jinyarsa a asibitocin Saudiyya, da kuma a Kuwait, Iran, Lebanon, Masar da kuma Burtaniya, amma an sami ci gaba kadan game da yanayinsa. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 49 bayan ya yi fama da cutar huhu.
Alheji ya shahara da waka ga kasarsa ta haihuwa da kalaman adabi na bacin rai da duhu. Tarin waqoqinsa, ( anthology ) mai suna The Torment of the Years ( Arabic ), an buga shi ne shekara guda bayan rasuwarsa, wanda Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Shadi, babban editan mujallar Al Yamamah ne ya hada shi. Wadannan wakoki suna wakiltar mafi yawan ayyukansa kafin rashin lafiyarsa.
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shekaru na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cikakken sunan Al-Hajji (nasab) shi ne Hamad bin Sa'd bin Muhammad bin Musa Al-Haxji, kuma ya gano zuriyarsa ga Ƙabilar Hudhayl. An haife shi a shekara ta 1939 a garin Marat a Yankin Al-Washm . An san mahaifinsa a matsayin mawaki na gargajiya. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake kusan shekaru 9.[1] Mahaifinsa matalauci ne, Ruwa ya rayu na dogon lokaci ba tare da sake yin aure ba, wanda ya sa 'ya'yansa suka tsere daga gidan. Mahaifinsa yana da karamin shago inda yake sayar da kofi da cardamom, amma kudin shiga bai isa ya ciyar da iyali ba. Da yake rayuwa cikin kaɗaici da talauci, Al-Hajji ya tafi gidan Muhammad al-Du'aij, mijin 'yar'uwarsa Hayla.[1] A can, ya sami sabon gida don biyan wasu daga cikin abin da ya rasa.[2] Hayla ta zama mai kula da shi kuma ta dauki nauyin Hamad bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsu a gidan mijinta, har sai Hamad ta kammala karatun firamare.[1] A wannan shekarar mahaifiyarsa ta mutu, ya kuma rasa ɗan'uwansa Ibrahim, wanda ke da shekara guda a lokacin mutuwar mahaifiyarsa. Wani ɗan'uwansa Abd al-Aziz shi ma ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa, yana da shekaru tara. Sakamakon wadannan mutuwar a cikin iyali a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin yarantakar Al-Hajji ya shafe shi sosai.[1] Hamad ya yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta gargajiya (kuttab) a garinsu, kuma daga baya ya sami matsayi na tara a cikin jerin ɗalibai masu cin nasara a jarrabawar takardar shaidar firamare na 1953 a Masarautar Saudi Arabia.[1] Amma bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa, ya yi baƙin ciki.[1]
Shekaru na kwaleji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar firamare a Marat a 1951, Al-Hajji ya koma Riyadh kuma ya shiga Cibiyar Kimiyya a 1952, inda ya yi karatu a matakin tsakiya da sakandare. A Riyadh, ya sami sabbin abokai kuma ya haɗu da mutane daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance sabo a gare shi. A wannan lokacin, baiwarsa ta wallafe-wallafen ta fito, yayin da ya rubuta waƙoƙinsa na farko da yawa.[1] Bayan ya sami takardar shaidar Cibiyar Kimiyya a Riyadh, ya shiga Kwalejin Shari'a Musulunci (Sharia) a shekara ta 1957. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya shiga Kwalejin Harshen Larabci. Shekaru biyu da ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Shari'a an ba shi kyauta, don haka ya fara karatunsa daga shekara ta uku a sabon kwalejin. Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Shadi, wanda daga baya ya shirya waƙoƙin Al-Hajji, ya ambaci cewa ya shiga Kwalejin Harshen Larabci ba tare da barin Kwalejin Shari'a ba kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi gwaje-gwaje a bangarorin biyu.[1] A lokacin shekarunsa na kwaleji, baiwarsa ta wallafe-wallafen ta zama sananne a fili.[1] Duk da ƙarfafawar wasu daga cikin abokan karatunsa, an fallasa shi ga wasu yanayi marasa kyau da suka shafe shi, ko dai a cikin shayensa ko halayensa.[1] Gabaɗaya, ya sami godiya ne kawai daga 'yan ɗalibansa.[1]
Al-Hajji bai kammala karatunsa na kwaleji ba, kuma kafin kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1960-61, ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Likitoci sun ba da rahoton cewa yana da mummunan schizophrenia, wanda ya hana shi kammala karatunsa, kuma ya hana shi rubuta waka.[1] Kafin rashin lafiyarsa ta hankali, ya ci gaba da karatunsa ba tare da katsewa ba, kuma ya bambanta da nasarorin da ya samu da waka.[1]
Shekaru na Tsakiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga cikin muhimman halaye na Hamad Al-Hajji, wanda takwarorinsa suka san shi da shi, shine matsanancin damuwa game da yanayin da yake fuskanta.[1] Saboda talaucinsa, ya zauna a cibiyar jin dadin jama'a a Riyadh. Da zarar a cikin 1987 an tambayi Manajan Cibiyar Fahd Al-Tujairi game da abin da Al-Hajji ke so a can, kuma ya ambaci mawaki na karni na 10 Al-Mutanabbi: "A lokuta da yawa, lokacin da yake cikin mummunan yanayin tunani, kuma ba ya so ya yi magana da kowa, Al-Mutanbbi shine mabuɗin yin magana da shi. " Al-Hutanji ya haddace waƙoƙin Al-Mumanabbi har ma a lokacin rashin lafiyarsa, kuma lokacin da Fahd Al - Tujri ya canza wasu kalmomi a cikin Al-Hatsayi.[1] Bayan ya kamu da cutar, ya ware kansa daga mutane, kuma bai so ya zauna tare da su ba sai dai a wasu lokuta masu ban sha'awa. Har ila yau, bai yi magana da su sosai ba, kuma ya tafi ofishin ma'aikacin zamantakewa a cibiyar don karanta jaridu sannan ya tafi. Lokacin da wani ya yi magana da shi, bai amsa ba ko kuma kawai a takaice.[1] Har ila yau, bai shiga cikin tafiye-tafiye na mako-mako da cibiyar ta shirya ba, amma ya zauna shi kaɗai. Babu wani gazawar a tunaninsa a wannan lokacin, amma duk ma'aikatan cibiyar sun san shi saboda iyawarsa ta hankali da kuma matakin ilimi. Misali, ya sami damar amsa ma'anar Ramadan daga haddace Alkur'ani.[1]
A Riyadh, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Saad Al-Jeryan ne ya fara kula da shi.[1] Daga nan sai ya koma asibitin lafiyar kwakwalwa a Taif don magani, wanda bai yi nasara ba. Al-Hajji ya kasance matafiyi ne akai-akai, da farko don yawon bude ido, kuma lokacin da ya kamu da rashin lafiya, ya bar kasarsa fiye da sau ɗaya don magani, bayan kokarin da bai yi nasara ba na magani a Saudi Arabia.[1][1] Bayan ya ziyarci Lebanon fiye da sau ɗaya kafin rashin lafiyarsa, ya nemi magani a can kuma daga baya a Kuwait. Ya zauna a can kusan shekara guda, kuma yanayinsa ya inganta kadan bayan ya dawo daga Kuwait. Daga nan sai ya yi tafiya zuwa London a Burtaniya, kuma ya zauna a can na watanni biyu, tare da wannan magani ya kawo wasu sakamako masu kyau. Bayan haka, ya tafi Misira don magani.[1]
Shekaru na ƙarshe da mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ya koma tsakanin asibitoci da asibitocin kwakwalwa a gida da waje, ya shafe shekarunsa na ƙarshe a asibitin Shehar a Taif. Hamad al-Zayd , wani mawaki daga garin Al-Hajji wanda ya yi imanin cewa ana kishin Al-Hijji, yana ziyartar shi sau da yawa, kuma yana ɗauke da sigari na Kent, wanda ya sha da haɗama.[3] Al-Hajji ya mutu a ranar 29 Rabi' al-Awwal 1409 (8 Nuwamba 1988) na cutar huhu yana da shekaru 49 a Taif.[4] An binne shi a garinsu, bayan ya rubuta Rithā'' lament for himself ashirin da takwas kafin mutuwarsa, yayin da yake Lebanon. [5]
Waƙoƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An buga tarin waƙoƙinsa mai taken The Torment of the Years a shekara bayan mutuwarsa, wanda Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Shadi, babban editan mujallar Al Yamamah ya tattara. Wadannan waƙoƙi 61 sun zama mafi yawan abin da Al-Hajji ya rubuta kafin rashin lafiyarsa.[6] Masu sukar wallafe-wallafen da ke yin sharhi game da waƙarsa bayan mutuwarsa sun kira shi "mawakin Najd" da "mawakilin bakin ciki", kuma sun kwatanta shi da Al-Shabi, Tarafa, da Elia Abu Madi, yayin da yake fama da warewa a cikin rashin lafiyarsa. Littafin Al-Babtain ya bayyana waƙoƙinsa kamar haka: [7]
In his poetry, he shows his nostalgia for Najd, mixed with love for the homeland. He breathes in the movement that allows himself to reveal and read inside him and portray the obsessions that dictated his pessimism and darkness. He endeavored to show this in figurative forms and images. In most of his poetry he used the rhymed meter, sometimes varied in rhymes but employing free verse too.
Saleh Al-Mahmud, yana rubutu a cikin 2015 Dictionary of Modern Arabic Literature, ya raba aikin waka na Al-Hajji zuwa matakai uku. Na farko shine lokacin da ya gabata kafin cutar, wanda ya zama farkonsa. Na biyu shine shekarun cutar, wanda shine lokacin kirkirar. Na uku yana nuna shekarun cutar, inda kirkirar mawaki ya ragu, lokacin da ya rubuta ayoyi kaɗan har ma ya ki ya tuntube kowane waka.[8]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Creativity and mental health § Schizophrenia
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Al-Dakhil 2007.
- ↑ Ibn Husayn 1987.
- ↑ "ذكرياتي معهم". al-jazirah (in Larabci). 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ "وفاة الشاعر الحجي". Al-Faisal Magazine (143): 110. December 1989.
- ↑ "حمد الحجي.. شاعر الألم والمعاناة". alriyadh (in Larabci). 8 September 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ↑ "حمد الحجي شاعر الآلام". arabicmagazine (in Larabci). 20 March 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ↑ "حمد الحجّي". almoajam (in Larabci). Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ↑ Al-Mahmud 2015.