Hanyar rayuwa

lifestyle medicine
medical specialty (en)

Maganin Rayuwa (LM) wani reshe ne na magani wanda ya mayar da hankali kan kula da lafiya da kuma kula da kai wanda ke magance rigakafi, bincike, ilimi, da kuma magance matsalolin da suka shafi salon rayuwa da kuma abubuwan da za a iya hana su na mutuwa kamar abinci mai gina jiki, rashin motsa jiki, damuwa ta yau da kullun, da kuma halaye masu lalata kai, gami da shan taba da shan ƙwayoyi ko barasa . [1] Manufar LM ita ce inganta lafiyar mutane da walwalarsu ta hanyar amfani da ginshiƙai 6 na maganin salon rayuwa (abinci mai gina jiki, motsa jiki na yau da kullun, barci mai kyau, kula da damuwa, guje wa abubuwa masu haɗari, da kuma kyakkyawar alaƙar zamantakewa) don hana cututtuka na yau da kullun kamar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon suga, ciwon metabolism da kiba . [1] [2]

Maganin rayuwa yana mai da hankali kan ilmantarwa da kuma ƙarfafa marasa lafiya don inganta rayuwarsu ta hanyar canza halaye da ɗabi'u na mutum dangane da amfani da abinci mai kyau wanda ke rage abinci mai gina jiki kamar abinci na Bahar Rum ko abinci gaba ɗaya, tsarin abinci mai yawan tsire-tsire . Zaɓuɓɓukan rayuwa marasa kyau kamar tsarin abinci, rashin motsa jiki, shan taba, jarabar barasa da dogaro, jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi da dogaro, da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da tabin hankali, misali damuwa ta yau da kullun da rashin tallafin zamantakewa da al'umma, suna ba da gudummawa ga cututtuka na yau da kullun . A cikin asibitin, manyan cikas ga shawarwarin rayuwa sune cewa likitoci ba su shirya sosai ba kuma suna shakku game da karɓar marasa lafiyarsu. Duk da haka, ta hanyar ƙarfafa shawarwari masu kyau, ana iya hana ko kuma a kula da cututtuka da kyau a cikin dogon lokaci.

Aiki

Tsarin rayuwa yana buƙatar canje-canjen halaye waɗanda za su iya zama ƙalubale ga ƙwararrun likitoci, al'ummomi, da marasa lafiya. Aikin mai aikin LM shine ƙarfafawa da tallafawa canje-canjen halaye masu kyau ta hanyar hanyoyin da suka dogara da shaida don hana da kuma sarrafa cututtuka na yau da kullun. LM yana jaddada kulawa ta musamman kuma yana amfani da hanyoyin da suka mayar da hankali kan marasa lafiya kamar saita manufa, yanke shawara tare, da kuma kula da kai. Koyar da marasa lafiya yadda ake dafa abinci mai kyau a gida, misali, na iya zama wani ɓangare na aikin likita mai mayar da hankali kan salon rayuwa. Mayar da hankali kan buƙatun lafiyar mutum ya haɗa da duba buƙatun zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na mutum.

LM tana amfani da kimiyyar ɗabi'a don ba wa marasa lafiya damar yin canje-canje a salon rayuwa. Akwai ka'idoji da yawa na canza ɗabi'a; tsarin transtheoretical ya dace musamman da maganin salon rayuwa. Yana nuna cewa mutane suna ci gaba ta matakai shida na canji: tunani kafin lokaci, tunani, shiri, aiki, kulawa, da kuma ƙarewa. Shiga tsakani da aka yi da mataki-mataki yana iya haifar da nasarar canje-canjen ɗabi'a. Ana ƙarfafa masu aikin LM su rungumi hanyoyin ba da shawara kamar yin tambayoyi masu motsa jiki (MI) don gano shirye-shiryen marasa lafiya don canzawa da kuma samar da hanyoyin rayuwa masu dacewa. Waɗannan ƙwarewa sun nuna cewa sun fi tasiri fiye da ba da shawara kamar "Yi motsa jiki da yawa kuma ku ci lafiya".

LM yayi kama da maganin rigakafi domin yana kuma cike gibin da ke tsakanin magungunan gargajiya da lafiyar jama'a. Ana amfani da hanyoyin magance matsalolin LM kamar ba da shawara kan canjin hali tare da maganin magunguna . Kamar dukkan magunguna, LM yana haɓaka zaɓin salon rayuwa mai kyau don rigakafi da magance cututtuka. Lafiya gaba ɗaya da kula da kai muhimmin sashi ne na maganin salon rayuwa kuma yana tilasta ra'ayin rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya ta hanyar canjin hali. Inganta lafiya shine tushen LM kuma yana ƙarfafa mutane su shiga cikin kulawa da jin daɗinsu.

Matakai

Ana iya yin LM a matakai uku. Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi amincewa da duk ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya cewa zaɓin salon rayuwa yana ƙayyade yanayin lafiya kuma suna da mahimmanci don gyara martanin magunguna da/ko tiyata. Ana ƙarfafa duk masu aikin likita su haɗa da shawarwarin salon rayuwa tare da ka'idojin magani na yau da kullun. Mataki na biyu shine kulawa ta musamman (misali, Maganin motsa jiki da Ilimin Jiki ) wanda hanyoyin LM sune abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai na magani kuma magungunan magunguna da/ko tiyata sune ƙarin da za a yi amfani da su idan ya cancanta. Mataki na uku shine shirye-shiryen da manufofi na lafiyar jama'a/al'umma. Ya kamata a haɗa shawarwarin shiga tsakani na salon rayuwa a cikin jagororin kiwon lafiyar jama'a/maganin rigakafi da manufofin rigakafi don rigakafi da magance cututtuka na yau da kullun.

Ilimi da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙwararru

Kwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da marasa lafiyarsu na gaba za su amfana idan aka haɗa muhimman abubuwan LM a cikin duk shirye-shiryen horo na ƙwararru. Horarwa ta yau da kullun da ƙwarewar mutum na hanyoyin magance matsalolin rayuwa bisa shaida kamar abinci mai gina jiki bisa ga tsire-tsire, kula da damuwa, motsa jiki, kula da barci, ƙwarewar dangantaka, da rage shan muggan kwayoyi za su canza tsarin kiwon lafiya na Amurka. LM ya dace da ilimin ƙwararru tsakanin ɗalibai waɗanda ke koyo tare a lokacin horo na ƙwararru tare da manufar haɓaka aikin haɗin gwiwa na kulawa da ke mai da hankali kan marasa lafiya. Likitoci da sauran masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya ya kamata su ji daɗin yin magana da majiyyacinsu game da canje-canjen salon rayuwa da kuma tantance buƙatu a cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da lafiya. Jawo hankalin marasa lafiya cikin waɗannan tattaunawar zai iya taimaka musu cimma burin rayuwarsu da na kiwon lafiya.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na ilimi don zama ƙwararre a fannin LM. Likitoci na iya samun takardar sheda ko izini daga Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (IBLM), Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka (ABLM), da Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Birtaniya (BSLM). Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (LMGA) ƙungiya ce da ke haɗa ƙwararrun LM daga ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya don yin aiki tare, raba albarkatu, da ƙirƙirar mafita don hana da kuma magance cututtukan da ba sa yaɗuwa da na yau da kullun.

Duba kuma

• Rayuwa mai aiki

Ƙarin karatu

• Hu, Frank; Cheung, Lilian; Otis, Brett; Oliveira, Nancy; Musicus, Aviva, eds. (19 January 2021). "The Nutrition Source – Healthy Living Guide 2020/2021: A Digest on Healthy Eating and Healthy Living". www.hsph.harvard.edu. Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.