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Hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta
determinants of health (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare naHalin ɗan adam, risk factor (en) Fassara da unhealthy lifestyle (en) Fassara
Has characteristic (en) FassaraMatsayin motsa jiki
Hannun riga daactive living (en) Fassara

Hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta wani nau'in rayuwa ne, wanda mutum ba ya aiki a jiki kuma yana yin kadan ko babu motsi na jiki da / ko motsa jiki.[1] Mutumin da ke rayuwa mai zaman kansa sau da yawa yana zaune ko kwance yayin da yake yin aiki kamar yin hulɗa, kallon talabijin, kunna wasannin bidiyo, karatu ko amfani da wayar hannu ko kwamfuta don yawancin rana. Hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kanta tana ba da gudummawa ga rashin lafiya, cututtuka da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa.[2][3][4][5]

Sitting time is a common measure of a sedentary lifestyle. A global review representing 47% of the global adult population found that the average person sits down for 4.7 to 6.5 hours a day with the average going up every year.[6][7] [<span title="The text summarizes a single review but cites multiple sources of different studies (February 2024)">specify</span>]

Lokacin allo shine lokaci don yawan lokacin da mutum ke ciyarwa yana kallon allo kamar talabijin, mai saka idanu na kwamfuta, ko na'urar hannu. Lokaci mai yawa na allo yana da alaƙa da mummunan sakamako na kiwon lafiya.[5]

Ma'anar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Intensity of activity on a continuum from sedentary behavior through to vigorous activity intensity.
Halin zama yana ba da ƙarancin kashe kuzari fiye da halayyar aiki.

Halin zama ba daidai yake da rashin aiki na jiki ba: an bayyana halayyar zama ne a matsayin "duk wani halayyar farkawa wanda ke nuna ƙarancin makamashi ƙasa ko daidai da 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), yayin da yake zaune, karkata ko kwance. " [8] Kashe mafi yawan lokutan farkawa zaune ba lallai bane mutum ya zauna, kodayake zaune da kwance sau da yawa halaye ne na zama. [8][3] Esmonde-White ya bayyana salon rayuwa mai zaman kansa a matsayin salon rayuwa wanda ya haɗa da "fiye da sa'o'i shida a rana" na halayyar zama.

Tasirin lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tasirin rayuwar aiki ko salon rayuwa na iya zama kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tasirin kai tsaye na salon rayuwa mai zaman kansa shine karuwar ƙididdigar jiki (BMI) wanda ke haifar da kiba.[9] Wani rahoto na shekara ta 2006 ya nuna cewa karuwar kashi 5% a cikin ƙididdigar tafiya ta al'umma tana da alaƙa da karuwar kashi 32% a cikin lokacin da ake tafiya ko keken keke da raguwar maki 0.23 a cikin BMI.[10]

Binciken matakin ƙasa wanda ke nazarin farashin cutar a duniya da abubuwan haɗarin da ke tattare da shi sun gano kiba a matsayin babban haɗari guda bakwai da ke da alaƙa da mutuwar da ake iya danganta da kuma haɗarin haɗari guda takwas da ke da alaka da nauyin cutar da ake danganta da ita. Girman kiba ya kasance babban haɗari uku ga ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi.[11][12]

Akalla mutuwar da ba ta dace ba 300,000, da dala biliyan 90 a cikin farashin kiwon lafiya kai tsaye sun haifar da kiba da salon rayuwa a kowace shekara a Amurka kadai.[13] Hadarin ya fi girma a tsakanin wadanda ke zaune har yanzu fiye da sa'o'i biyar a kowace rana. An nuna shi a matsayin haɗari mai haɗari a kansa mai zaman kansa daga motsa jiki mai tsanani da BMI. Mutanen da ke zaune har yanzu fiye da sa'o'i hudu a kowace rana suna da kashi 40 cikin dari mafi haɗari fiye da waɗanda ke zaune ƙasa da sa'a hudu a kowace ƙasa. Koyaya, waɗanda ke motsa jiki aƙalla sa'o'i huɗu a kowane mako suna da lafiya kamar waɗanda ke zaune ƙasa da sa'oʼi huɗu kowace rana.[14]

A kaikaice, karuwar BMI saboda salon rayuwa na zama na iya haifar da raguwar yawan aiki da karuwar rashin halarta daga ayyukan da suka dace kamar aiki.[15]  

Ragewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manya da yara suna ciyar da lokaci mai tsawo suna zaune a wurin aiki ko a makaranta, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka mayar da hankali ga shiga tsakani a waɗannan yankuna biyu.[3] Kamfen din kafofin watsa labarai na iya rage yawan lokacin da ake zaune ko kwance kuma ya shafi niyyar yin aiki a jiki.[16][17]

Sabbin abubuwa na baya-bayan nan a cikin fasahar AI sun haifar da ci gaban tsarin umarnin motsa jiki wanda aka tsara don rage halayyar zama. Wadannan tsarin suna ba da shirye-shiryen motsa jiki na mutum ta hanyar nazarin ma'aunin kiwon lafiya na mutum, wanda zai iya rage yaduwar salon rayuwa mai zaman kansa da haɗarin kiwon lafiya.[18]

A cikin birane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An sami wasu shaidu game da mummunan dangantaka tsakanin fallasawa ga babbar hanyar birni da ke akwai da kuma matsakaici zuwa aiki mai ƙarfi.[19] Adadin mutanen da ke aiki a jiki ya fi girma a cikin unguwanni masu girma da ƙananan tafiya.[20] Haɓakawar ƙarancin nauyi, kiba, da rashin aiki na jiki a cikin biranen da ke ƙaruwa da sauri a cikin birane na kasar Sin sun kasance saboda ayyukan ci gaban birane da manufofi.[21]

A cikin yanayin aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Halin zama a cikin sana'a yana da mahimmanci ga lokacin zama ga manya da yawa.[22] Wasu wuraren aiki sun aiwatar da darussan motsa jiki a lokacin abincin rana, ƙalubalen tafiya tsakanin abokan aiki, ko barin ma'aikata su tsaya maimakon su zauna a teburin su yayin aiki. Harkokin shiga tsakani a wurin aiki kamar su madadin wuraren aiki, teburin zama, da kuma inganta amfani da matakala suna daga cikin matakan da aka aiwatar don magance cutar da wurin aiki mai zaman kansa.[23][24]

Bincike

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Binciken Cochrane na 2018 ya kammala cewa "A halin yanzu akwai shaidar da ba ta da inganci cewa teburin zama na iya rage zama a wurin aiki a cikin shekara ta farko da aka yi amfani da su. Koyaya, tasirin na iya raguwa tare da lokaci. Gabaɗaya babu isasshen shaida don yanke shawara game da irin waɗannan tasirin ga wasu nau'ikan tsoma baki da kuma tasirin rage wurin aiki a tsawon lokaci fiye da shekara ɗaya". [25]

Shiga tsakani don ƙarfafa ma'aikatan ofis su tsaya da motsawa ya rage lokacin zama da minti 22 bayan shekara 1; tasirin ya kasance sau 3 mafi girma lokacin da shiga tsakani ya haɗa da teburin zama-da-tsaya. Har ila yau, shiga tsakani ya haifar da ƙananan ci gaba a cikin damuwa, jin daɗi da kuzari.[26][27]

A cikin ilimi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawancin yara suna cikin aji, suna zaune (60% na lokacin). [3] Yara da ke yin motsa jiki a kai a kai suna iya zama manya masu lafiya; yara suna amfana a jiki da tunani lokacin da suka maye gurbin halayyar zama tare da halayyar aiki.[28] Duk da wannan ilimin kuma saboda wani bangare na karuwar halayyar zama, tun daga shekarar 2018 yara suna da sa'o'i 8 na wasa kyauta a kowane mako fiye da yadda suka yi shekaru 20 da suka gabata.[29]

Bincike da yawa sun bincika tasirin ƙara tebur masu daidaitawa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, wanda ya rage lokacin da aka zauna. Koyaya, haɗa raguwar zama tare da tasirin kiwon lafiya yana da ƙalubale. A cikin wani binciken da aka gudanar akan yara masu zuwa makaranta na Australiya, wanda aka sani da Transform-Us! Nazarin, tsoma baki sun rage yawan lokacin da yara ke zaune a cikin aji, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙananan ƙididdigar jiki da kewayon kugu. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken sun haɗa da tebur da easels, amfani da timers, da wasanni da kayan wasan motsa jiki a cikin aji. Malamai kuma sun sanya darussan da suka fi aiki, kuma sun kara hutu ga darussan don inganta lokacin aiki.[3] A Amurka, wani shiga tsakani ga yara shine inganta amfani da sufuri mai aiki zuwa da daga makaranta, kamar ta hanyar Safe Routes to School program.[30]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, an sami babban canji daga ayyukan aiki na hannu (misali noma, masana'antu, gini) zuwa ayyukan ofis wanda ya faru ne saboda dalilai da yawa da ke ba da gudummawa ciki har da duniya, fitarwa da ayyuka da Ci gaban fasaha (musamman intanet da kwamfutoci). A cikin 1960, an sami raguwar ayyukan da ke buƙatar matsakaiciyar motsa jiki daga 50% zuwa 20%, kuma ɗaya cikin Amurkawa biyu yana da aiki mai wahala a jiki, yayin da a cikin 2011 wannan rabo ya kasance ɗaya cikin biyar.[31] Daga 1990 zuwa 2016, an sami raguwar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku a cikin ayyukan aiki / aiki.[32] A cikin shekara ta 2008, Binciken Binciken Kiwon Lafiya na Amurka ya gano cewa kashi 36% na manya ba su da aiki, kuma kashi 59% na masu amsawa ba su taɓa shiga cikin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi wanda ya wuce minti 10 a kowane mako ba.[33] 

Dangane da binciken 2018, ma'aikatan ofis yawanci suna ciyar da kashi 70-85% zaune.[34] A cikin yawan jama'ar Amurka, yaduwar kallon talabijin ko bidiyo aƙalla 2 h / d ya yi yawa a cikin 2015-2016 (daga 59% zuwa 65%); ƙididdigar amfani da kwamfuta a waje da makaranta ko aiki aƙalla 1 h / d ƙaruwa daga 2001 zuwa 2016 (daga 43% zuwa 56% ga yara, daga 53% zuwa 57% tsakanin matasa, kuma daga 29% zuwa 50% ga manya); kuma ƙididdigin jimlar lokacin zama ya karu daga 2007 zuwa 2016 (Daga 7.0 zuwa 8.2 h / d tsakanin matasa kuma daga 5.5 zuwa 6.4 h / d a tsakanin manya).[35]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "How to Fix a Sedentary Lifestyle (Because It's Never Too Late to Get Moving)". Good Housekeeping (in Turanci). 17 March 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  2. ↑ "2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report". 18 February 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Owen N, Healy GN, Dempsey PC, Salmon J, Timperio A, Clark BK, et al. (April 2020). "Sedentary Behavior and Public Health: Integrating the Evidence and Identifying Potential Solutions". Annual Review of Public Health. 41: 265–287. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094201. PMID 31913771. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  4. ↑ "Sitting Disease: How a Sedentary Lifestyle Affects Heart Health". www.hopkinsmedicine.org (in Turanci). 8 August 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  5. 1 2 Park JH, Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kong MH, Oh YH (November 2020). "Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks". Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 41 (6): 365–373. doi:10.4082/kjfm.20.0165. PMC 7700832. PMID 33242381.
  6. ↑ Mclaughlin M, Atkin AJ, Starr L, Hall A, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, et al. (September 2020). "Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review". The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 17 (1). doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01008-4. PMC 7469304. PMID 32883294.
  7. ↑ "How Much Time Does the Average Person Spend Sitting? Reports Show It's Dramatically Changing". Inverse (in Turanci). 23 April 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  8. 1 2 "What is Sedentary Behaviour?". Sedentary Behaviour Research Network. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  9. ↑ "Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  10. ↑ Frank, Lawrence D.; Sallis, James F.; Conway, Terry L.; Chapman, James E.; Saelens, Brian E.; Bachman, William (2006-03-31). "Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality". Journal of the American Planning Association (in Turanci). 72 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1080/01944360608976725. ISSN 0194-4363. Archived from the original on 2025-02-07. Retrieved 2026-07-04.
  11. ↑ Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ (May 2006). "Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data". Lancet. 367 (9524): 1747–1757. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9. PMID 16731270.
  12. ↑ "Indicator Metadata Registry Details". www.who.int (in Turanci). Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  13. ↑ Manson JE, Skerrett PJ, Greenland P, VanItallie TB (February 2004). "The escalating pandemics of obesity and sedentary lifestyle. A call to action for clinicians". Archives of Internal Medicine. 164 (3): 249–258. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.3.249. PMID 14769621.
  14. ↑ Dunstan DW, Owen N (March 2012). "New exercise prescription: don't just sit there: stand up and move more, more often". Archives of Internal Medicine. 172 (6): 500–501. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.209. PMID 22450937.
  15. ↑ Goettler A, Grosse A, Sonntag D (October 2017). "Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: a systematic review of indirect costs". BMJ Open. 7 (10). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014632. PMC 5640019. PMID 28982806.
  16. ↑ Stead, Martine; Angus, Kathryn; Langley, Tessa; et al. (2019-05-02). "Mass media to communicate public health messages in six health topic areas: a systematic review and other reviews of the evidence". Public Health Research. 7 (8): 1–206. doi:10.3310/phr07080. PMID 31046212. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  17. ↑ "How can local authorities reduce obesity? Insights from NIHR research". NIHR Evidence (Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  18. ↑ Chen, Hung-Kai; Chen, Fueng-Ho; Lin, Shien-Fong (January 2021). "An AI-Based Exercise Prescription Recommendation System". Applied Sciences (in Turanci). 11 (6): 2661. doi:10.3390/app11062661.
  19. ↑ Prins RG, Foley L, Mutrie N, Ogilvie DB (July 2017). "Effects of urban motorways on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in local residents: a natural experimental study". The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 14 (1). doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0557-0. PMC 5530966. PMID 28750678.
  20. ↑ Hankey S, Marshall JD, Brauer M (February 2012). "Health impacts of the built environment: within-urban variability in physical inactivity, air pollution, and ischemic heart disease mortality". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (2): 247–253. Bibcode:2012EnvHP.120..247H. doi:10.1289/ehp.1103806. PMC 3279444. PMID 22004949.
  21. ↑ Day K, Alfonzo M, Chen Y, Guo Z, Lee KK (May 2013). "Overweight, obesity, and inactivity and urban design in rapidly growing Chinese cities". Health & Place. 21: 29–38. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.009. PMID 23416231.
  22. ↑ Nicolson G, Hayes C, Darker C (August 2019). "Examining total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour using the socio-ecological model - a cross-sectional study of Irish adults". BMC Public Health. 19 (1). doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7447-0. PMC 6704626. PMID 31438911.
  23. ↑ Nicolson GH, Hayes CB, Darker CD (September 2021). "A Cluster-Randomised Crossover Pilot Feasibility Study of a Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Occupational Sedentary Behaviour in Professional Male Employees". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (17): 9292. doi:10.3390/ijerph18179292. PMC 8431104 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34501882 Check |pmid= value (help).
  24. ↑ Commissaris DA, Huysmans MA, Mathiassen SE, Srinivasan D, Koppes LL, Hendriksen IJ (May 2016). "Interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and increase physical activity during productive work: a systematic review". Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 42 (3): 181–191. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3544. PMID 26683116.
  25. ↑ Shrestha N, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Pedisic Z (December 2018). "Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010912.pub5. PMC 6517221. PMID 30556590.
  26. ↑ Edwardson, Charlotte L.; Biddle, Stuart J. H.; Clemes, Stacy A.; et al. (2022-08-17). "Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial". BMJ (in Turanci). 378. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-069288. PMC 9382450 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35977732 Check |pmid= value (help).
  27. ↑ Edwardson, Charlotte L; Biddle, Stuart J H; Clemes, Stacy A; Davies, Melanie J; Dunstan, David W; Eborall, Helen; Granat, Malcolm H; Gray, Laura J; Healy, Genevieve N; Jaicim, Nishal Bhupendra; Lawton, Sarah; Maylor, Benjamin D; Munir, Fehmidah; Richardson, Gerry; Yates, Thomas (August 17, 2022). "Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial". BMJ. BMJ. 378. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-069288. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 9382450 Check |pmc= value (help).
  28. ↑ Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, et al. (November 2018). "The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans". JAMA. 320 (19): 2020–2028. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854. PMC 9582631 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 30418471.
  29. ↑ "It's a Kid's Job". NIH News in Health (in Turanci). 10 July 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  30. ↑ "Safe Routes to School (SRTS)". CDC. 19 October 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  31. ↑ "Less Active at Work, Americans Have Packed on Pounds". The New York Times. 2011.
  32. ↑ "The State of American Jobs". Pew Research Center. 2016.
  33. ↑ "Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey" (PDF). Series Reports from the National Health Interview Survey #10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2008. p. 11.
  34. ↑ Edwardson CL, Biddle SJ, Clarke-Cornwell A, Clemes S, Davies MJ, Dunstan DW, et al. (September 2018). "A three arm cluster randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the SMART Work & Life intervention for reducing daily sitting time in office workers: study protocol". BMC Public Health. 18 (1). doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6017-1. PMC 6137871. PMID 30217233.
  35. ↑ Yang L, Cao C, Kantor ED, Nguyen LH, Zheng X, Park Y, et al. (April 2019). "Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among the US Population, 2001-2016". JAMA. 321 (16): 1587–1597. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3636. PMC 6487546. PMID 31012934.
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