Happisburgh
 Happisburgh | ||||
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| Wuri | ||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Birtaniya | |||
Constituent country of the United Kingdom (en)  | Ingila | |||
| Region of England (en) | East of England (en) | |||
| Ceremonial county of England (en) | Norfolk (en) | |||
| Non-metropolitan district (en) | North Norfolk (mul) | |||
| Yawan mutane | ||||
| Faɗi | 762 (2021) | |||
| • Yawan mutane | 79.13 mazaunan/km² | |||
| Labarin ƙasa | ||||
| Yawan fili | 9.63 km² | |||
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa | ||||
| Lambar aika saƙo | NR12 | |||
| Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho | 01692 | |||
| Wasu abun | ||||
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| Yanar gizo | happisburgh.org.uk | |||
Happisburgh (/ˈheɪzbʌrə, -bərə/ i) ƙauyen farar hula ne a cikin gundumar Norfolk ta Ingila. Ƙauyen yana kan tekun, a gabashin hanyar arewa maso kudu, B1159 daga Bacton a bakin tekun zuwa Stalham. Ƙauye ne mai ƙwayoyin cuta. Babban gari mafi kusa shine Arewacin Walsham 6 miles (10 km) zuwa yamma.[1]
Sunan wurin 'Happisburgh' an fara tabbatar da shi a cikin Domesday Book na 1086, inda ya bayyana a matsayin Hapesburc. Sunan yana nufin 'Garin Hæp ko wuri mai garu'.
Happisburgh ya zama shafin da ke da muhimmancin archaeological na kasa a cikin shekara ta 2010 lokacin da aka gano kayan aikin dutse na kusan shekaru 800,000.[2] Wannan ita ce tsohuwar shaidar aikin ɗan adam a ko'ina a Burtaniya.[3] A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, an gano jerin Sawun ɗan adam na farko a bakin rairayin bakin teku a shafin, suna ba da shaida kai tsaye game da aikin ɗan adam na farkon shafin.
Ƙasar da ke yankin ta yi hasara ga teku tsawon dubban shekaru. Ikklesiya ta farar hula ta ragu da sama da 0.2 square kilometres (50 acres) a cikin karni na 20 ta lalacewa ta rairayin bakin teku da ƙananan duwatsu. Yawan zaizayar kasa daidai yake da na shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata. [4] A cikin shekara ta 1968, an gina groynes tare da bakin teku don ƙoƙarin rage yazawar. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2001, kafin rabuwar Ikklesiya ta Walcott zuwa arewa maso yamma, Ikklesiya (wanda kuma ya haɗa da ƙauyukan Happisburgh Common da Whimpwell Green) yana da yawan jama'a 1,372 a cikin gidaje 607. Don dalilan karamar hukuma, Ikklesiya tana cikin gundumar North Norfolk .
Gudanarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankin zaɓe na Happisburgh ya haɗa da Ikklisiyoyin Happisburgh, Ingham" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lessingham">Lessingham, East Ruston, Ingham, Honing da Brunstead . An canza iyakokin unguwar don zaben 2019. Gidan da ya gabata yana da yawan mutane 2,386 a cikin gidaje 1,085 . [5]
Abubuwan da ke cikin gida
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cocin St Maryamu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekara ta 1086, masarautar Norman mai shigowa tana da coci mai sauƙi wanda aka gina a shafin yanar gizon dutse mai tsawo na yanzu. An rushe shi kuma an sake gina shi a karni na 15. Babban hasumiyar cocin St Mary muhimmiyar alama ce ga masu aikin jirgin ruwa, yayin da yake gargadi game da matsayin masu cin amana da ke kusa. An kara sabon matakala a saman hasumiyar a shekara ta 2001, don tunawa da ɗan makarantar Happisburgh Thomas Marshall, wanda aka kashe a kusa da Eccles on Sea a shekara ta 1997. Har ila yau, akwai takarda don tunawa da shi; an binne shi a cikin cocin.
A shekara ta 1940, wani mai fashewa da bam na Jamus ya saki bam din da aka kama daga bayanta yayin da ya dawo Jamus, kuma har yanzu ana iya ganin wasu shrapnel daga bam din a cikin ginshiƙan cocin. Rubutun cocin na octagonal, kuma na karni na 15, an sassaƙa shi da siffofin zakuna da satyrs.
Hasumiyar Hasumiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hasumiyar hasken wuta mai launin ja da fari, 0.5 miles (800 m) zuwa kudancin cocin, ita ce kawai hasumiyar hasumiya mai zaman kanta a Burtaniya kuma ita ce mafi tsufa da ke aiki a Gabashin Anglia wanda aka gina a cikin 1790. Ana buɗewa ga jama'a a wasu Lahadi a lokacin rani.[6]
Tashar jirgin ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekara ta 1866, an gina gidan jirgin ruwa na farko, ta Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), a kan dutsen da ke sama da Old Cart Gap a farashin £ 189. Gininsa a nan ya samo asali ne daga kusanci da Haisborough Sands. An rufe shi a 1926 kuma an janye jirgin ruwa.[7]
An gina wani karamin gidan jirgin ruwa a cikin irin wannan shafin (52°49′28′′N 1°32′10′′E / 52.824326°N 1.536101°E / 52. 824326; 1.536101) a cikin 1965 don adana jirgin ruwa na D-class wanda ya fara aiki a watan Yunin wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 1987, an maye gurbin gidan jirgin ruwa da sabon gini na zamani tare da mafi kyawun kayan aiki don ma'aikata. An kara fadada wannan a shekarar 1998. An sanya sabon jirgin ruwa na D-class, Colin Martin, a cikin sabis a ranar 13 ga Satumba shekara ta 1994. [7]
A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, an wanke tashar jirgin ruwa saboda rushewar ruwa. An buɗe tashar wucin gadi a cikin watanni uku a Old Cart Gap . Ana amfani da tashar ta asali yanzu don horo da tallace-tallace na abin tunawa.[7][8]
A ranar 22 ga Oktoba shekara ta 2003, an sanya sabon jirgin ruwa na D-class D-607 Spirit of Berkhamsted a cikin sabis.[7][8] An girmama tashar tare da lambar yabo ta azurfa ta RNLI, wacce aka bayar a 1886 ga Coxswain John Cannon don nuna godiya ga aikinsa na dogon lokaci da mahimmanci.[7]
Happisburgh Manor ko St Mary's
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban amfani da ƙasa lambu ne mai zaman kansa ga gidaje a nan, yana samar da kayan ado na ƙarni na 19 a shafin filayen har zuwa tsakiyar wannan ƙarni. Ginin yana tsakiya kuma yana zuwa gabar teku daga titin ƙauyen da aka yi wa kinked. Babban gidan da aka yi da ciyawar gida Detmar Blow ne ya yi aiki da shi daga cikakken tsari na farko na Ernest Gimson wanda Blow ya yi aiki tare da shi a Stoneywell. Blow yana da alhakin canje-canje na gine-gine ga ƙirar farko da kuma gudanar da gine-gine gaba ɗaya na ginin a lokacin 1900-1902 tare da 'shugabansa' Frank Green daga Gabashin Knowle yana kula da wurin. Yana da tabbacin cewa Gimson ya samar da kayan katako na ciki kuma musamman tsarin rufin katako mai rikitarwa. Yafi yawan aji na II da aka jera (ƙungiya mai farawa) da aka jera wurin shakatawa da lambu, bayan da Detmar Blow ya tsara shi azaman lambun motsi na Arts da Crafts don tafiya tare da gidan bazara na butterfly-plan ga mai mallakar ƙasa mai arziki Albemarle Cator, wanda ke zaune a Woodbastwick Hall, Woodbastwich, wanda ya yanke shawarar gina gidaje ko ƙofar iyalinsa. Yankin arewacin mafi girma, gidansa, bam ne ya lalata shi, kuma Christobel Tabor (née Cator) ne ya dawo da shi bayan yakin. Cators sun sayar da shafin a shekarar 1969, a wannan lokacin gidaje uku na St John's, St Anne's da St Mary's sun shiga cikin mallakar daban. Babban gidan da aka dawo da shi shine Grade II * da aka jera, wanda shine matsayi na tsakiya.
Rushewar bakin teku
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An rasa ƙasa a cikin teku a Happisburgh dubban shekaru.[4] Kwanan nan, sunayen Whimpwell Street da Whimpwell Green a Happisburgh duk abin da ya rage na tsohuwar Ikklisiyar Happisburgh ta Whimpwell, wanda ya ɓace zuwa teku ne kawai a shekara ta 1183. A matsayin misali na baya-bayan nan, a cikin 1845, wani makircin 12 acres (5 ha) na Happisburgh ya ɓace a cikin dare ɗaya.[9] Yankin bakin teku na ƙauyen yana fuskantar Rushewar bakin teku akai-akai: gidajen da a cikin 1998 sun kasance sama da ƙafa 20 (6 daga teku yanzu suna zaune a gefen dutse kuma ana sa ran su fada cikin teku. An gina tsaron teku a cikin 1959 don rage lalacewar. Canje-canje a cikin manufofin gwamnati suna nufin cewa kariya ta bakin teku a Happisburgh ba za a iya tallafawa daga gwamnatin tsakiya ba. Hanyar bakin teku da ke kaiwa cikin teku tana ci gaba da lalacewa, kuma an rushe gidajen da ke kusa da teku a cikin shekara ta 2012 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin kula da bakin teku. Shirye-shiryen da aka yi a garin don daidaitawa da Canjin yanayi da hauhawar matakin teku sun haɗa da Tsarin sake komawa da gwamnati ke tallafawa ga masu gidajen da ke fuskantar barazana. A cikin shekara ta 2023, akwai shirye-shiryen motsawa cikin ƙasa wurin ajiye motoci - wanda aka gina tare da kayan da za a iya amfani da su don wannan dalili - wanda ke cikin haɗarin faɗuwa cikin dutsen.[10]
Archaeology
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].png)
A cikin shekara ta 2010, Simon Parfitt da abokan aiki daga Kwalejin Jami'ar London sun gano kayan aikin dutse a kusa da Happisburgh . [2][3] An tsara kayan aikin zuwa "wani wuri tsakanin shekaru 866,000 zuwa 814,000 da suka gabata ko 970,000 zuwa 936,000 da suka gabata", kimanin shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata fiye da abubuwan da aka gano a Pakefield. Wataƙila mafarauta-masu tattara nau'in ɗan adam Homo antecessor ne suka bar dutsen da ke zaune a filayen ambaliyar ruwa da ke kan iyaka da tsohuwar kogin Thames. Daga nan sai a wanke dutsen a cikin kogi kuma ya zo ya huta a shafin Happisburgh.
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, an bayar da rahoton cewa an gano Sawun Happisburgh, sawun mutum mafi tsufa da aka samu a waje da Afirka, yana da shekaru sama da 800,000, a bakin rairayin bakin teku.
Labaran gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai wani labari na gida wanda ya fara daga karni na 16 cewa fatalwa na wani mai shigo da kaya da aka kashe ya dame Happisburgh. An bayar da rahoton cewa fatalwa ba ta da kafafu, kuma an rataye kansa a bayansa ta hanyar nama mai laushi. Labarin ya ce an gano jikin mai shigo da kaya a cikin rijiyar.
Tunawa da Yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abin tunawa da yaƙin Happisburgh wani tambari ne na marmara wanda aka ɗora shi da takobi na zinariya a cikin Cocin St. Mary wanda ya lissafa sunayen da suka biyo baya don Yaƙin Duniya na farko: [11][12]
| Matsayi | Sunan | Rukunin | Ranar Mutuwarsa | Kabari / Tunawa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO1C | John Mason | HMS <i id="mwATQ">Cressy</i> | 22 ga Satumba, 1914 | Abin tunawa da Sojan Ruwa na Chatham |
| PO1C | Frederick Wiseman | HMS <i id="mwAT0">Pembroke</i> | 31 ga watan Agusta 1914 | Kabari na Woodlands |
| LCpl. | James W. Spanton | 7th Bn. , Rundunar Norfolk | 28 ga Afrilu 1917 | Kabari na Dury |
| Rubuce-rubuce | John Monsey | Royal Field Artillery att. Brigade na 18 | 2 Disamba 1918 | Kabari na St. Sever |
| Mai girma. | Cubitt C. Siely[lower-alpha 1] | 227th Bty. , Royal Garrison Artillery | 2 ga Nuwamba 1918 | Kabari na Terlincthun |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | William J. Millar | 5th Bn. , Duke na Wellington's Regt. | 11 ga Afrilu 1917 | Cocin St. Mary's |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | James Platford | 9th Bn. , Rundunar Sojojin DurhamSojojin Durham Light | 13 Afrilu 1917 | Kabari na Agny |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | Norman R. Leeder | 5th Bn. , Rundunar Norfolk | 19 ga Afrilu 1917 | Bikin Tunawa da Urushalima |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | Richard Grimmer | 8th Bn. , Norfolk Regt. | 10 Maris, 1917 | Abin tunawa da Thiepval |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | George Monsey | 3rd Bn. , Royal Sussex RegimentRundunar Sojan Sussex | 8 ga Maris, 1919 | Kabari na Norwich |
An kara sunayen da suka biyo baya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu:
| Matsayi | Sunan | Rukunin | Ranar Mutuwarsa | Kabari / Tunawa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mai girma. | Arthur Batchelor | 1 L.A.A. Regt. , Royal ArtilleryArtillery na sarauta | 30 ga Mayu 1940 | Abin tunawa da Dunkirk |
| Mai girma. | Cyril J. Pardon | 107 Rubuce-rubuce. , Royal Horse Artillery | 6 Yuni 1942 | Abin tunawa da Alamein |
| ASn. | Robert A. Boyce | HMS <i id="mwAaQ">Bedouin</i> | 15 Yuni 1942 | Abin tunawa da Sojan Ruwa na Chatham |
| ASn. | Jim Clarke MiD | HMS <i id="mwAa4">Stonehenge</i> | 20 Maris 1944 | Abin tunawa da Sojan Ruwa na Chatham |
| Gdsm. | Benjamin B. Dennis | 5th Bn. , Masu Tsaro na ColdstreamMasu tsaron Coldstream | 11 ga Nuwamba 1944 | Kabari na Venray |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | Christopher G. Harvey | 1st Bn. , Royal Berkshire Regt. | 21 ga Maris 1943 | Kabarin Yaƙi na Taukkyan |
| [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] | Wilfred E. Grimmer | 4th Bn. , Rundunar Sojojin Suffolk | 16 ga Oktoba 1943 | Kabarin Yaƙi na Thanbyuzayat |
| Smn. | Cannon W. Harvey | H.M. Trawler Tervani | 7 ga Fabrairu 1943 | Abin tunawa da Lowestoft |
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Saint Mary's, Happisburgh -
Hasken wuta a Happisburgh -
Tashar jirgin ruwa ta Happisburgh da kantin Royal National Lifeboat Institution -
Happisburgh Manor ( c. 1992) -
Matsayin da bai dace ba na gidaje saboda illar zaizayar teku -
An gano kayan aikin dutse a Happisburgh
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Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ordnance Survey (2002). OS Explorer Map 252 - Norfolk Coast East. ISBN 0-319-21888-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Parfitt, Simon A.; Ashton, Nick M.; Lewis, Simon G.; Abel, Richard L.; Coope, G. Russell; Field, Mike H.; Gale, Rowena; Hoare, Peter G.; Larkin, Nigel R.; Lewis, Mark D.; Karloukovski, Vassil; Maher, Barbara A.; Peglar, Sylvia M.; Preece, Richard C.; Whittaker, John E. (2010-07-08). "Early Pleistocene human occupation at the edge of the boreal zone in northwest Europe". Nature (in Turanci). 466 (7303): 229–233. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..229P. doi:10.1038/nature09117. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 20613840. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Miriam Frankel (7 July 2010). "Early Britons could cope with cold : Nature News". Nature. Nature.com. doi:10.1038/news.2010.338. Retrieved 13 November 2012. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "nature.com" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Coastal erosion at Happisburgh, Norfolk". British Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
the Norfolk cliffs have been eroding at the present rate for about the last 5000 years, when sea level rose to within a metre or two of its present position
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "BGS" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Happisburgh (North Norfolk)". Norfolk Insight. Norfolk County Council. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ↑ "Happisburgh Lighthouse | Happisburgh Village Website". Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Happisburgh Lifeboat Station". Archived from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2021. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "RNLI" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Happisburgh gets set for new lifeboat". North Norfolk News. happisburgh.org. 4 September 2008. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "happisburgh.org.uk" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "HISTORY OF EROSION AND DEFENCES AT HAPPISBURGH". Happisburgh Village Website. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
Whimpwell, was a parish adjoining Happisburgh The Abbot of St Benets was Lord and patron of the church Destruction its was very rapid. By 1183 only one field remained [...] 1845 A twelve-acre field at Happisburgh was drilled with wheat. A north-west gale raged all night, and by new morning the field had disappeared
- ↑ "Happisburgh Beach Road car park just metres from cliff edge". BBC News (in Turanci). 2023-12-03. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
- ↑ "Roll of Honour - Norfolk - Happisburgh". roll-of-honour.com. Retrieved 2025-04-12.
- ↑ "Geograph:: Hackford to Hunworth :: War Memorials in Norfolk". www.geograph.org.uk. Retrieved 2025-04-12.
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