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Harajin robot

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Harajin robot
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Haraji
Fuskar industrial automation (en) Fassara da technological unemployment (en) Fassara

harajin robot wata dabara ce ta doka don hana maye gurbin ma'aikata da injuna da kuma karfafa tsarin tsaro na zamantakewa ga waɗanda suka rasa muhallinsu. Duk da yake an yi la'akari da aikin hannu na atomatik tun kafin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu, batun ya sami ƙarin tattaunawa a cikin karni na 21 saboda sabbin ci gaba kamar ilmantarwa na inji.[1]

Binciken haɗarin ya bambanta sosai, tare da binciken da ya gano cewa kashi 47% na ma'aikata suna iya sarrafa kansu a Amurka, kuma wani binciken ya gano cewa wannan adadi shine 9% a duk ƙasashe 21 na OECD.[2] Tunanin kamfanonin haraji don tura robots yana da rikici tare da abokan adawar da ke jayayya cewa irin waɗannan matakan za su hana kirkire-kirkire kuma su hana ci gaban tattalin arziki wanda fasaha ta kawo a baya. Masu goyon baya sun nuna abin da ya faru na "rashin daidaito na kudaden shiga" wanda ke barazana ga ayyukan ma'aikatan da ba su da hanyar shiga fannonin ilimi da ake buƙata sosai.

Tattaunawar da aka yi wa

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Za'a iya gano goyon baya ga harajin sarrafa kansa ta 'yan siyasa na Amurka zuwa 1940 inda Joseph C. O'Mahoney ya gabatar da irin wannan lissafin a Majalisar Dattijai. A cikin 2017, mai kula da San Francisco Jane Kim ya sanya waɗannan dabarun batun ƙungiyar aiki, yana mai bayyana cewa bambancin samun kudin shiga da ke tattare da robots yana bayyane a ko'ina a cikin gundumar ta.[3] A cikin 2019, magajin garin New York City Bill de Blasio ya ba da shawarar harajin mutum-mutumi a lokacin da kuma bayan takarar shugaban kasa. Yayinda yake yaba wa Andrew Yang don jawo hankali ga batun, de Blasio ya bayyana cewa yana da manufofi daban-daban kuma ya ba da shawarar sanya manyan kamfanoni da ke da alhakin shekaru biyar na harajin kudin shiga daga ayyukan da aka sarrafa ta atomatik.[4][5] A cikin 2017 a Burtaniya, shugaban Labour Jeremy Corbyn ya yi kira ga harajin robot.[6]

Francisco Ossandón ya yi jayayya cewa a wannan matakin ci gaba, za'a iya magance ra'ayin iyakantaccen harajin mutum-mutumi idan ya cika wasu buƙatu, kamar: (i) wasu masu biyan haraji waɗanda ke amfani da mutum-mutuma (watau manyan kamfanoni) suna biyan shi; (ii) yana da alaƙa da wasu ayyukan masana'antu da / ko ayyukan kuɗi); (iii) yana da iyakantacciyar ma'anar mutum-mutane na jiki ko software mai hankali idan akwai ayyukan kuɗi), kuma; (iv) yana da ƙarancin haraji. Koyaya, bai ga shari'ar harajin robot ba.

A cikin tattaunawar Reddit ta 2015, Stephen Hawking ya soki masu na'ura don fara "ƙaddamar da sake rarraba dukiya".[7] Bayan sanarwar Elon Musk cewa ya kamata a rage tasirin aikin mutummutumi, Bill Gates ya ba da hira don amincewa da harajin mutummutumi.[8][9] Mark Cuban ya sanar da goyon bayansa ga harajin mutum-mutumi a cikin 2017, yana ambaton wata kasida ta Quincy Larson game da hanzarta saurin rashin aikin yi na fasaha.[10]

Farfesa a fannin shari'ar haraji Xavier Oberson ya yi kira ga robots su kasance masu biyan haraji don kashe kuɗin gwamnati ya ci gaba ko da yake tafkin samun kudin shiga ga ma'aikatan ɗan adam ya ragu.[11] Shirin Oberson ya ba da shawarar biyan haraji ga masu robot har sai da kansu suna da ikon biyan kuɗi, suna jiran ƙarin ci gaba a cikin hankali na wucin gadi.[12][13]

Tattaunawar adawa da

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Masu sukar ciki har da Jim Stanford da Tshilidzi Marwala sun tattauna game da rashin amfani da harajin robot da aka ba da malleability a cikin ma'anar "robot". [undefined] [1] Musamman, abubuwa masu cin gashin kansu suna cikin na'urori da yawa na ƙarni na 21 waɗanda ba a la'akari da su ba. Masanin tattalin arziki Yanis Varoufakis ya tattauna ƙarin rikitarwa na ƙayyade yawan abin da ma'aikacin ɗan adam zai yi a cikin ɓangaren ma'aikata wanda robots suka mamaye shekaru da yawa. A maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar bambancin samun kudin shiga na duniya da ake kira "dividend na asali na duniya" don yaki da karuwar samun kudin shiga.[2]

Kamfanonin robotics ciki har da Savioke da ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Advancing Automation sun yi yaƙi da harajin robot, suna kiransu "ƙaddamarwa". [14] [15] Shugaba na ABB Group Ulrich Spiesshofer ya kwatanta robots masu biyan haraji da software mai biyan haraji, kuma ya nuna gaskiyar cewa ƙasashe masu ƙarancin rashin aikin yi suna da ƙimar sarrafa kansa.[16] Kwamishinan EU Andrus Ansip ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin harajin mutum-mutumi, yana mai bayyana cewa duk wani iko da ke aiwatar da mutum zai zama mai ƙarancin gasa yayin da ake ƙarfafa kamfanonin fasaha su matsa wani wuri.[17] Rahoton Ci gaban Duniya na 2019, wanda Simeon Djankov da Federica Saliola na Bankin Duniya suka shirya, sun yi tsayayya da harajin mutum-mutumi, suna jayayya cewa zai haifar da rage yawan aiki da karuwar kauce wa haraji ta manyan kamfanoni da masu hannun jari.[18]

Dokokin da ke akwai

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A ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, 2017, Koriya ta Kudu, a karkashin Shugaba Moon, ta zartar da abin da ake kira harajin robot na farko. Maimakon masu biyan haraji kai tsaye, dokar ta rage raguwar haraji da aka ba da a baya ga saka hannun jari a cikin robotics.[19] Harajin mutum-mutumi a baya ya kasance wani ɓangare na lissafin Mady Delvaux wanda ke sanya ka'idojin ɗabi'a ga mutum-mutuma a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Koyaya, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta ki amincewa da wannan bangare lokacin da ta kada kuri'a kan dokar.[20]

Dubi kuma

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  • Sabuntawa mai rikitarwa
  • Tabbacin samun kudin shiga na asali
  • Rashin daidaito na samun kudin shiga
  • Rashin aikin yi na fasaha

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  2. ↑ Carl Benedikt Frey; Michael Osborne (September 2013). "The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation?" (publication). Oxford Martin School. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  3. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  4. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  5. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  6. ↑ Rayner, Gordon (2017-09-26). "Jeremy Corbyn plans to 'tax robots' because automation is a 'threat' to workers". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  7. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  8. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  9. ↑ French, Sally. "Bill Gates says robots should be taxed like humans". Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
  10. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  11. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  12. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  13. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  14. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  15. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  16. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  17. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  18. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  19. ↑ Thompson, Derek (23 June 2015). "A World Without Work". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  20. ↑ Empty citation (help)
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