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Harfer lee

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Harfer lee
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Monroeville (en) Fassara, 28 ga Afirilu, 1926
ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Harshen uwa Turanci
Mutuwa Monroeville (en) Fassara, 19 ga Faburairu, 2016
Makwanci Hillcrest Cemetery (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (Bugun jini)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Amasa Coleman Lee
Mahaifiya Frances Cunningham Finch
Abokiyar zama Not married
Ahali Alice Lee (en) Fassara
Karatu
Makaranta Jami'ar Alabama
Monroe County High School (en) Fassara
University of Utah Health Care (en) Fassara
Huntingdon College (en) Fassara
University of Alabama School of Law (en) Fassara
Harsuna Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a marubuci, Marubuci, mawaƙi, marubin wasannin kwaykwayo, poet lawyer (en) Fassara, prose writer (en) Fassara da jarumi
Muhimman ayyuka To Kill a Mockingbird (en) Fassara
Go Set a Watchman (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa William Faulkner (mul) Fassara
Mamba American Academy of Arts and Letters (en) Fassara
Chi Omega (en) Fassara
Sunan mahaifi Harper Lee
Artistic movement Southern Gothic (en) Fassara
IMDb nm0497369
hoton harper lee

Nelle Harper Lee (Afrilu 28, 1926 - Fabrairu 19, 2016) marubuci ɗan Amurka ne wanda littafinsa na 1960 To Kill a Mockingbird ya lashe lambar yabo ta Pulitzer ta 1961 kuma ya zama sanannen adabin Amurka na zamani. Ta taimaka wa abokinta na kurkusa Truman Capote a cikin bincikensa na littafin In Cold Blood (1966).[1] Littafinta na biyu kuma na ƙarshe, Go Set a Watchman, wani tsari ne na farko na Mockingbird, wanda aka saita a kwanan wata, wanda aka buga a watan Yuli 2015 a matsayin mabiyi.[2] [3] [4]Makirci da haruffan Don Kashe Mockingbird sun dogara ne akan abubuwan da Lee ta lura game da danginta da maƙwabta a Monroeville, Alabama, da kuma wani taron ƙuruciya da ya faru a kusa da garinsu a 1936. Littafin ya yi magana game da halayen wariyar launin fata, da rashin hankali. halayen manya game da launin fata da aji a cikin Deep South na 1930s, kamar yadda aka kwatanta ta idanun yara biyu.

Lee ta sami yabo da yawa da digiri na girmamawa, gami da Medal na 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa a cikin 2007, wanda aka ba shi don gudummawar da ta bayar ga adabi.[5]

Rayuwar farko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Nelle Harper Lee a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1926, a Monroeville, Alabama, [6] ƙarami a cikin yara huɗu na Frances Cunningham (née Finch) da Amasa Coleman Lee.[7] Iyayenta sun zaɓi sunanta na tsakiya, Harper, don girmama likitan yara Dokta William W. Harper, na Selma, wanda ya ceci rayuwar 'yar uwarta Louise.[8] Sunanta na farko, Nelle, shine sunan kakarta da aka rubuta a baya da sunan da ta yi amfani da shi, yayin da Harper Lee shine sunan alkalami da farko.[9]Mahaifiyar Lee yar gida ce; mahaifinta tsohon editan jarida ne, ɗan kasuwa, kuma lauya, wanda kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Alabama daga 1926 zuwa 1938. Ta wurin mahaifinta, tana da alaƙa da Confederate Janar Robert E. Lee kuma memba na fitaccen dangin Lee.[ [10] [11] Kafin A.C. Lee ya zama lauya mai suna, ya taba kare wasu bakaken fata guda biyu da ake zargi da kashe wani farar kaya. Duk abokan cinikin biyu, uba da ɗa, an rataye su[12]

'Yan uwan ​​Lee uku sune Alice Finch Lee (1911 – 2014), [13] Louise Lee Conner (1916 – 2009), da Edwin Lee (1920 – 1951).[14] Kodayake Nelle ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar 'yan uwanta mata a duk rayuwarsu, ɗan'uwanta ne kawai ya kusa isa shekaru don yin wasa tare, kodayake ta haɗu da Truman Capote (1924-1984), wanda ya ziyarci dangi a Monroeville a lokacin bazara daga 1928 har zuwa 1934. [15]

Mutuwa

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Lee ta mutu a cikin barcinta a safiyar ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2016, tana da shekara 89.[16] [17] Kafin rasuwarta, ta zauna a Monroeville, Alabama.[18] A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, an yi jana'izarta a Cocin Methodist na farko a Monroeville.[19] Iyali da abokai na kud da kud sun halarci hidimar, kuma Wayne Flynt ne ya ba da wannan yabo.[20]

Bayan mutuwarta, jaridar The New York Times ta shigar da kara da cewa tun da an shigar da wasiyyar Lee a wata kotun shari'a a Alabama cewa wani bangare ne na bayanan jama'a kuma ya kamata a bayyana wasiyyar Lee a bainar jama'a. Wata kotun Alabama ta kaddamar da wasiyyar a shekarar 2018.[21]

Hotunan almara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Catherine Keener ce ta bayyana Harper Lee a cikin fim ɗin Capote (2005), ta Sandra Bullock a cikin fim ɗin Infamous (2006), da Tracey Hoyt a cikin fim ɗin TV ɗin Scandalous Ni: Labarin Jacqueline Susann (1998).[22] A cikin daidaitawar littafin Truman Capote, Sauran Muryoyi, Sauran Dakuna (1995), halin Idabel Thompkins, wanda Capote ya yi wahayi zuwa ga tunanin Lee tun yana yaro, Aubrey Dollar ya buga shi.[23]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Harris, Paul (May 4, 2013). "Harper Lee sues agent over copyright to To Kill A Mockingbird". The Guardian.
  2. ↑ Nocera, Joe (July 24, 2015). "The Harper Lee 'Go Set A Watchman' Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  3. ↑ Oldenburg, Ann (February 3, 2015). "New Harper Lee novel on the way!". USA Today. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  4. ↑ Alter, Alexandra (February 3, 2015). "Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Is to Publish a Second Novel". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2015
  5. ↑ President Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Recipients" (Press release). The White House. November 5, 2007
  6. ↑ Grimes, William (February 19, 2016). "Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2016
  7. ↑ Anderson, Nancy G. (March 19, 2007). "Nelle Harper Lee". The Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University at Montgomery. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  8. ↑ Mills, Marja (2014). The Mockingbird Next Door: Life with Harper Lee. Penguin. p. 181. ISBN 978-0698163836.
  9. ↑ Kovaleski, Serge (March 11, 2015). "Harper Lee's Condition Debated by Friends, Fans and Now State of Alabama". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  10. ↑ Harper Lee Before 'To Kill a Mockingbird'". February 23, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Who is Harper Lee?"
  12. ↑ Shields, Charles J. (2006). Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0805083194. Retrieved February 19, 2016
  13. ↑ Woo, Elaine (November 22, 2014). "Lawyer Alice Lee dies at 103; sister of 'To Kill a Mockingbird' author". Los Angeles Times
  14. ↑ Louise L. Conner Obituary". The Gainesville Sun
  15. ↑ Nancy Grisham Anderson, "Harper Lee: 'To Kill a Mockingbird' and 'A Good Woman's Words,'" pp. 334 et seq. in Susan Ashmore, Dorr Youngblood and Lisa Lindquist, Alabama Women: Their Lives and University of Alabama Press 2017
  16. ↑ Harper Lee, 'To Kill a Mockingbird' author, dead at 89". CNN. February 19, 2016
  17. ↑ Harper Lee dead at age of 89: 'To Kill a Mockingbird' Author passes away". AL.com. February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2016
  18. ↑ "US author Harper Lee dies aged 89". BBC News. February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  19. ↑ Harper Lee: loved ones hold private funeral without pomp or fanfare". The Guardian. February 21, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
  20. ↑ Harper Lee: Private funeral service held in author's Alabama hometown". ABC News. February 21, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
  21. ↑ Kovaleski, Serge F.; Alter, Alexandra (February 27, 2018). "Harper Lee's Will, Unsealed, Only Adds More Mystery to Her Life". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  22. ↑ Hal Erickson (2016). "Scandalous Me: The Jacqueline Susann Story". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
  23. ↑ Wilmington, Michael (February 14, 1998). "Tribune Movie – Capote's True Voice is Absent in 'Other'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 19, 2021
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