Harry Frankfurt

Harry Gordon Frankfurt (an haife shi David Bernard Stern; 29 ga Mayu, 1929 - 16 ga Yuli, 2023) masanin falsafa ne na Amurka. Ya kasance farfesa a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar Princeton, inda ya koyar daga 1990 har zuwa 2002. Frankfurt kuma ta koyar a Jami'ar Yale, Jami'ar Rockefeller, da Jami'ar Jihar Ohio.

Frankfurt ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga fannoni kamar ɗabi'a da falsafar tunani. Halin kulawa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a falsafarsa. Kula da wani abu yana nufin ganin shi yana da mahimmanci kuma yana nuna halin mutum. A cewar Frankfurt, mutum mutum ne wanda ke da ra'ayoyi na biyu ko wanda ke kula da abin da yake so. Ya bambanta mutane da lalata. Wantons halittu ne da ke da sha'awa amma ba su damu da wane daga cikin sha'awarsu aka fassara zuwa aiki ba. A fannin ka'idoji, Frankfurt ya ba da misalai daban-daban masu tasiri, waɗanda ake kira shari'o'in Frankfurt, a kan ka'idar cewa alhakin ɗabi'a ya dogara da ikon yin in ba haka ba.

Littafin da ya fi shahara shi ne On Bullshit, wanda ke tattauna bambancin tsakanin bullshitting da karya.

Tarihin rayuwa

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Frankfurt a gidan uwaye marasa aure a Langhorne, Pennsylvania, a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1929, kuma bai san iyayensa ba. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwarsa, dangin Yahudawa na tsakiya suka karbe shi kuma suka ba shi sabon suna, Harry Gordon Frankfurt . Iyayensa masu kula da shi, Bertha (née Gordon) da Nathan Frankfurt, malamin piano da mai kula da littattafai, bi da bi, sun tashe shi a Brooklyn da Baltimore. Ya halarci Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a 1949 da kuma Doctor of Philosophy a 1954, duka biyu a fannin falsafa.

Ayyuka

Frankfurt ya kasance farfesa mai daraja na falsafar a Jami'ar Princeton . Ya riga ya koyar a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio (1956-1962), SUNY Binghamton (1962-1963), Jami'ar Rockefeller (daga 1963 har sai an rufe sashen falsafa a 1976), Jami'ar Yale (daga 1976, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen falsafar 1978-1987), sannan Jami'ar Princeton (1990-2002).

Babban wuraren da yake sha'awa sun haɗa da Falsafar ɗabi'a, falsafar tunani da aiki, da kuma tunani na ƙarni na 17. Littafinsa na 2005 On Bullshit, wanda aka buga a 1986 a matsayin takarda game da manufar "bullshit", ba zato ba tsammani ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai kamar a shirin talabijin na Jon Stewart na dare, The Daily Show . A cikin wannan aikin ya bayyana yadda bullshitting ya bambanta da karya, saboda aiki ne wanda ba shi da la'akari dA Gaskiya. Ya yi jayayya cewa "Ba zai yiwu wani ya yi ƙarya ba sai dai idan ya yi tunanin ya san gaskiya. Samar da wauta ba ya buƙatar irin wannan tabbaci. " A shekara ta 2006, ya biyo baya da On Truth, littafin abokin aiki wanda ya bincika raguwar godiya a cikin al'umma don gaskiya.

Daga cikin masana falsafa, an fi saninsa da fassarar ra'ayin Descartes. Ayyukansa mafi tasiri, duk da haka, shine kan 'yancin nufin (wanda ya rubuta muhimman takardu da yawa ) bisa ga ra'ayinsa na volitions mafi girma da kuma bunkasa "Frankfurt cases" (wanda aka fi sani da "Frankfurt counter-examples", wanda shine gwaje-gwaje na tunani da aka tsara don nuna yiwuwar yanayin da mutum ba zai iya yi ba sai dai shi / ta yi, amma a cikin abin da muke da shi ya ce duk da haka cewa wannan fasalin halin da ake ciki bai hana wannan mutumin kasancewa da alhakin ɗabi'a ba). Ra'ayin Frankfurt game da jituwa shine watakila mafi mahimmancin jituwa, haɓaka ra'ayin cewa kasancewa kyauta shine a sami ayyukan mutum ya dace da sha'awar mutum. Fassarar Frankfurt ta jituwa ita ce batun adadi mai yawa na ambaton. A shekara ta 2004, ya wallafa wani littafi game da soyayya da kulawa, The Reasons of Love .