Harry Gwala
 Harry Gwala | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Pietermaritzburg (mul)  , 30 ga Yuli, 1920 |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Mutuwa |
Pietermaritzburg (mul) , 20 ga Yuni, 1995 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa da anti-apartheid activist (en) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka |
Themba Harry Gwala (30 Yuli 1920 – 20 Yuni 1995) ɗan gwagwarmayar wariyar launin fata ne kuma shugaban jam'iyyar National Congress Congress (ANC) da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP) a Afirka ta Kudu.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farkon aiki da gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harry Gwala ya samu horo a matsayin malami a Kwalejin Adams kuma ya koyar a Slangspruit inda dalibansa suka hada da Moses Mabhida.[1] A shekarar 1942, Gwala ya shiga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afrika ta Kudu, sannan a shekarar 1944 ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC, sannan ya koma kungiyar kwadago a masana'antar sinadarai, gine-gine, da roba. [2] Ya kasance cikin masu shirya zaman na ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1950, kuma daga baya aka dakatar da shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar hana gurguzu.[3]
Ɗauri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga shekarar 1960 Gwala ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A cikin shekarar 1964, an ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben saboda zagon ƙasa da ɗaukar ma'aikata na Umkhonto we Sizwe.[3] An sake shi a cikin shekarar 1972, bayan shekaru takwas, amma an iyakance shi ga Pietermaritzburg ta hanyar hanawa. [4] A can, ya kafa sana'ar tattara wanki a matsayin abin fakewa ga ci gaba da ayyukan ANC, da yunƙurin farfaɗo da Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci ta Afirka ta Kudu. [5] A shekarar 1975, an sake kama Gwala, a wannan karon an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a ƙarƙashin dokar ta’addanci. [3] Yayin da yake tsibirin Robben, Gwala ya koyar da darasi ga wasu fursunoni kan ka'idar siyasa. [6] A shekarar 1995, Nelson Mandela ya tuna.
Mphephethwa babban “malamin siyasa” ne wanda ya koyar da zuriya bayan tsara gwagwarmaya. Yawancin shugabannin yau sun sha daga zurfin rijiyar hikimar siyasa ta Mphephethwa. Amma irin wannan shi ne yanayin koyarwarsa, cewa abubuwan da aka samu na iliminsa, su kansu za su ci gaba da zama ’yan siyasa a nasu ɓangaren; ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin da ya ba su don haɓaka tunani da bincike masu zaman kansu. [7]
A shekara ta 1984, matarsa Elda ta mutu, kuma an hana shi izinin halartar jana'izar ta. A lokacin zaman gidan yari na biyu, Gwala ya kamu da wata cuta mai saurin kisa, wanda hakan ya jawo masa gurguwar hannaye, inda a ƙarshe ya kai ga rasa yadda ya kamata a cikin tsokar wuyansa. Rashin lafiyarsa ya kasance babban dalilin sake shi daga kurkuku a watan Nuwamba 1988.
"Lion na Midlands"
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan kawar da jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 1990, an naɗa Gwala a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ANC na riƙon kwarya na Natal Midlands, kuma an zaɓe shi a hukumance a watan Disamba.[8] A cikin shekarar 1991, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Babban Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A tattaunawar da aka yi a shekarun 1990, Gwala ya ki amincewa da kulla alaka da jam'iyyar Inkatha Freedom Party, wanda hakan ya sanya shi cikin saɓani da shugabancin ANC na ƙasa.[9] Ya gargaɗi masu sasantawar ANC da cewa "kada su sasanta waɗanda ake zalunta da wariyar launin fata sanye da rigar sabon kundin tsarin mulki." [8] Matsayinsa na rashin tawakkali da kalaman kashe gobara sun sa ya shahara da sojojin kafa na kungiyar, a cikinsu ana kiransa da "Lion of the Midlands". [2]
Masu zaginsa suna kallonsa a matsayin sarkin yaki saboda tada zaune tsaye a rikicin jam'iyyar ANC da Inkatha Freedom Party a KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. [10] Hukumar tabbatar da gaskiya da sasantawa ta gano cewa Gwala “ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kiran kansa shugaban yakin ANC”, kuma “a wajen kiran a kashe mutanen da ke adawa da ANC, Gwala ya tunzura magoya bayansa da su aikata gaggarumin take hakkin ɗan Adam”.[11][2]
A zaɓen 1994, an zaɓi Gwala a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokokin KwaZulu-Natal, inda ya zama babban mai kare jam'iyyar ANC.[10][12] A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe shi a cikin kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sai dai a cikin watan Yuni, an dakatar da zama mamban jam'iyyar na tsawon watanni shida saboda "cin zarafin jam'iyyar SACP na cikin gida" a ci gaba da sukar da ya yi wa takwarorinsu na jam'iyyar, da kuma kin miƙa kansa ga binciken cikin gida kan zargin da ake masa na cin zarafin 'yan jam'iyyar.[13]
Gwala ya rasu ne a watan Yunin 1995 a asibiti bayan ya yi fama da ciwon zuciya.[14]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Nqakula, Charles (1995). "Harry Gwala - Man of Steel". African Communist (142). Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Haswell, Robert (December 1995). "Themba Harry Gwala (1920-1995)" (PDF). Natalia (25): 88–90. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Harry Themba Gwala (1920-1995): Teacher, people's tribune, man of steel". Mayibuye. 6 (3). July 1995. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Dlamuka, Mxolisi (2018). "Harry Gwala, Political Militancy and State Trials, 1960-1977" (PDF). South African Contemporary History and Humanities Seminar. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ "Profile of Harry Themba Gwala". The Presidency. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ↑ "Harry Themba Gwala". South African History Online. South African History Project. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ "Address by Nelson Mandela at the funeral of Harry Themba Gwala". Nelson Mandela Foundation. 1 July 1995. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gwala, Harry (1992). "'Negotiations as presented by Joe Slovo.' A response from..." African Communist (131): 28. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ "Harry Gwala, Natal's (other) warlord". The Economist. 31 October 1992. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 Merrett, Christopher (December 2013). "A small civil war: political conflict in the Pietermaritzburg region in the 1980s and early 1990s" (PDF). Natalia (43): 19–36. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Carlin, John (27 June 1995). "Obituary: Harry Gwala". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ "Harry Gwala, 74, a Zulu Ally Of Mandela Who Fought Zulus". The New York Times. 21 June 1995. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ↑ Laurence, Patrick (13 July 1994). "Gwala heightens divergence". The Star. p. 10. Missing or empty
|url=(help) - ↑ Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report (PDF). 3. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 1998. pp. 214–215. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.