Harshen Achuar-Shiwiar

Harshen Achuar-Shiwiar
Dangin harshen	abu; abstract entity (en) ; languoid (en) ; language (en) ; human language (en) ; indigenous language (en) ; Indigenous languages of the Americas (en) ; indigenous languages of South America (en) ; Jivaroan-Cahuapanan (en) ; Chicham (en) ; Harshen Achuar-Shiwiar; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	acu
Glottolog	achu1248

Shiwiar, wanda aka fi sani da Jivaro da Maina, yare ne na Chicham da ake magana a kogin Pastaza da Bobonaza a Ecuador . Shiwiar na ɗaya daga cikin yarukan asali goma sha uku na Ecuador . Dukkanin wadannan harsunan asali suna cikin haɗari.^[2]

Masu magana

Shiwiar yare ne da mutanen Achuar na yankin Amazon na Ecuador ke magana. Mutanen Achuar kuma suna magana da Mutanen Espanya, Shuar, da Kichwa tare da yarensu na asali, Shiwiar . ^[3] Shuar na cikin iyalin yaren iri ɗaya da Shiwiar - Jivaraan . ^[3]

Kodayake Achuar suna zaune a cikin Amazon Basin, cire mai da albarkatun kasa daga Ecuador ta hanyar hakar ma'adinai ya kori al'ummomin Achuar kuma ya jefa gidajensu cikin haɗari.^[4]

Duk da yake harshen hukuma na Ecuador shine Mutanen Espanya, mutanen Achuar tare da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan asalin suna da' yancin amfani da yarensu a ilimi ta hanyar manufofin harshe na hukuma na Equator da aka halatta a cikin Dokar No. 000529, Mataki na 27, da kuma Dirección Nacional de Educación Indígena Intercultural Bilingüe (DINEIIB). ^[5]

Fasahar sauti

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi ^[6]
	Labari	Dental / Alveolar	Postalveolar / Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci	m	n		ŋ
Dakatar da	p	t		k
Rashin lafiya		ts	tʃ
Fricative		s	ʃ		h
Kusanci	w		j
Tap		ɾ

/t, n/ suna da ƙwayoyin hakora kamar [ , ].
Ana yawan yin magana game da dakatarwar murya da affricates lokacin da suka faru bayan sautin hanci.
Lokacin da /h/ ya riga ya wuce da wasali mai girma na gaba, sai a gane shi azaman fricative palatal [ç].
- Ga wasu masu magana, /h/ za a iya gane shi azaman murya mara murya [x].
Lokacin da /w/ ya biyo bayan wasula mai tsawo na gaba, sai a gane shi azaman kusanci na labio-dental [ʋ] ko kusanci na bilabial [βʹ].^[6]

Sautin sautin ^[6]
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i aikiĩ	ɨ ɨɨ̃	u lokacin daũ
Bude		a nanã

/a, ɨ/ sau da yawa ana gane su a matsayin [ , ] lokacin da a cikin jimloli marasa amfani.
Idan ƙananan wasula nan da nan ya riga ko ya biyo baya da babban wasula na gaba, ko kuma ya riga ya wuce da wani sashi mai laushi misali, /a/ wani lokacin ana gane shi azaman tsakiyar-low [ɛ] ko tsakiyar wasula na farko [eʹ].
A kusa da kusanci na labio-velar /w/, ƙananan wasula /a, ã/ galibi ana gane su azaman wasula na tsakiya na baya ba tare da zagaye ba [ʌ, ʌ̃], yayin da manyan wasula na tsakiyar /ɨ, ɨ̃/ galibi suna gane su azuman wasula na gaba-tsakiya na baya da ba tare da an zagaye ba.
/ɨ/ kuma ana iya jin sautin baya mai tsawo [ɯ] lokacin da sautin leɓuna ke gaba /p, m/ . ^[6]

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Achuar-Shiwiar". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Atlas 20102
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Crevels 20122
↑ "Achuar and the Amazon Basin". Indigenous Religious Traditions (in Turanci). 2011-02-17. Archived from the original on 2020-12-04. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
↑ "Achuar and the Amazon Basin". Indigenous Religious Traditions (in Turanci). 2011-02-17. Archived from the original on 2020-12-04. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Kohlberger 2020.

Bayanan littattafai

Haɗin waje

Sabon Alkawari a cikin Achuar
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Achuar
Achuar-Shiwiar a kan Harsunan asali na Amurka
Saurari samfurin Achuar-Shiwiar daga Cibiyar Rubuce-rubuce ta Duniya
Albarkatun OLAC a ciki da kuma game da Achuar-Shiwiar

Samfuri:Languages of Ecuador Samfuri:Languages of Peru

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Achuar-Shiwiar". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Atlas_20102-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Atlas 20102

[Crevels_20122-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Crevels 20122

[4] "Achuar and the Amazon Basin". Indigenous Religious Traditions (in Turanci). 2011-02-17. Archived from the original on 2020-12-04. Retrieved 2020-12-11.

[5] "Achuar and the Amazon Basin". Indigenous Religious Traditions (in Turanci). 2011-02-17. Archived from the original on 2020-12-04. Retrieved 2020-12-11.

[FOOTNOTEKohlberger2020-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Kohlberger 2020.

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