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Harshen Adnyamathanha

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Adnyamathanha-Kuyani
yura ngarwala
Asali aAustralia
YankiSouth Australia
ƘabilaAdnyamathanha, Kuyani, Wailpi
'Yan asalin magana
262 (2021 census, Adnyamathanha)[1]
Pama–Nyungan
Latin script
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3Either:
adt – Adnyamathanha
gvy – Guyani
Glottologadny1235  Adnyamathanha[2]
guya1249  Guyani[3]
AIATSIS[4]L10 Adnyamathanha, L9 Kuyani
Traditional lands of Aboriginal peoples near Adelaide
Adnyamathanha is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Harshen Adnyamathanha (mai suna /ˈɑːdnjəmʌ testemunə/), wanda aka fi sani da Yura ngarwala da kuma Kuyani, wanda aka fi saninsa da Guyani da sauran bambance-bambance, harsuna biyu ne na Aboriginal na Australiya. Su ne yarukan gargajiya na Adnyamathanha na mutanen Kuyani, na Flinders Ranges da yammacin Flinders bi da bi, a Kudancin ƙasar Australia.

Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar ƙasar Australiya ta shekarar 2016, akwai kusan masu magana da Adnyamathanha 140, wanda ya sa ya zama harshen da ke cikin haɗari; babu masu magana da Kuyani da aka rubuta tun a shekarar 1975. An buga ƙamus na farko na harshe biyu na yaren a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2020.

Sunan maƙaryaci grub ya fito ne daga Adnyamathanha .

Sunayen

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wannan harshe an san shi da sunaye da yawa da bambancin rubutun sunaye, gami da:

  • Adnyamathanha, Adynyamathanha, Adjnjamathanha, Atynyamat̪an̪a, Adnjamathanha da Adnyamathana, Anyamathana, Ad'n'amadana, Anjimatana, Anjiwatana, Unyamootha
  • Wailpi, Wailbi, Waljbi, Wipie, sunan yaren
  • Archualda
  • Benbakanjamata
  • Binbarnja
  • Gadjnjamada, Kanjimata, Keydnjmarda
  • Jandali
  • Mardala
  • Nimalda
  • Nuralda
  • Umbertana
  • Yura ngarwala

Yura ngarwala is a widely used term for the Adnyamathanha language. It translates literally to 'people speak'. However, in modern times yura has come to mean 'Adnyamathanha person', rather than 'person' generally, and thus the term translates to 'Adnyamathanha person speak'.

Guyani kuma ana rubuta shi Kijani, Kuyani, Kwiani .

Rarraba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yayinda R. M. W. Dixon ya rarraba Adnyamathanha da Guyani a matsayin yare ɗaya, Ethnologue, Glottolog da AIATSIS suna bi da su a matsayin harsuna daban-daban, L10: Adnyamathamha da L9: Kuyani. [5]

Masu magana

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kimanin yawan mutanen da ke magana da Adnyamathanha ya bambanta, kodayake harshe ne mai haɗari sosai. A cewar Oates (1973) akwai masu magana 30 kawai, kusan 20 a cewar Schmidt a cikin shekarar 1990, 127 a cikin Ƙididdigar ƙasar Australiya ta 1996, kuma kimanin 140 sun ƙidaya a cikin ƙidayar shekarar 2016.

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Adjnjamathanha da Guyani suna da nau'ikan sauti iri ɗaya.

Sautin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A gaba Komawa
Babba i iː u uː
Ƙananan a aː

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawancin hanci da gefen suna da allophonically prestopped.

Yankin waje Laminal Abinda ke da ban sha'awa
Labari Velar Palatal Dental Alveolar Retroflex Gishiri
Plosive ba tare da murya ba p k c t̪ t ʈ (ʔ)
murya (ɖ )
Fricative murya (v)
Hanci m ~ bm ŋ ɲ ~ ɟɲ n̪ ~ d̪n̪ n ~ dn ɳ ~ ɖɳ
Hanyar gefen ʎ ~ ɟʎ l̪ ~ d̪l̪ l ~ dl ɭ ~ ɖɭ
Flap ɾ ɽ
Trill r
Kusanci w j ɻ

[v] na iya zama allophone na /p/.

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Duk da yake Guyani mai alaƙa da shi yana riƙe da tsayawar farko na kalma, Adnyamathanha ya sha wahala a cikin tsari na tsayawa a wannan matsayi. Tsohon *p ya zama [v], tsohon *t̪ kuma mai yiwuwa kuma *c sun zama /j/, kuma tsohon *k ya ɓace gaba ɗayan*p [v]*t̪ *c/j/ *k

Harshen harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Adnyamathanha yana da tsarin rikitarwa na sunayen mutum. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban 10 na cewa mu "kai da ni" (mutum na farko), dangane da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mai magana da mai karɓa.

Kalmomin farko (2020)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masanin harshe Bernhard Schebeck ya yi tafiya zuwa yankin Nepabunna a cikin shekarar 1970s, kuma ya rubuta An Adnyamathanha-English Research Dictionary a cikin shekarar 2000, wanda shine "Don masu zaman kansu, ko na ciki, amfani kawai - ba don bugawa ba". Dorothy Tunbridge, masanin harshe daga Canberra kuma marubucin Flinders Ranges Dreaming ya ziyarci yankin a cikin shekarun 1980.[6] Dukansu sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimin harshe, amma babu wanda ya rubuta duk kalmomin da aka sani ga masu magana da yankin.[7]

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2020 an buga ƙamus na farko na Adnyamathanha / Ingilishi da ƙamus, tare da fassarori daga da zuwa kowane harshe. Terrence Coulthard da matarsa Josephine ne Mufa tattara shi, littafin Adnyamathanha Culture Guide and Language Book mai shafi 400 ya haɗa da bayanin ayyukan al'adu, waƙoƙi (muda), tsarin dangin Adnyamathamha da Tarihin zamantakewa. [8] Terrence, mai magana da Adnyamathanha, ya kasance yana tattara bayanai game da al'adu da harshe na tsawon shekaru 40, yana gina kan aikin da Schebeck da Tunbridge suka yi a baya.[7] Masana harsuna da sauransu daga Jami'ar Adelaide's Mobile Language Team sun taimaka wa ma'auratan su kammala aikin a kan littafin a cikin watanni 18 zuwa shekaru biyu kafin bugawa.[8][7]

Coulthards suna gudanar da Iga Warta, wani kamfani na yawon bude ido na al'adu, wanda ke kusa da Nepabunna a cikin Gammon Ranges, shafin yanar gizon inda Terrence ya girma.[7] Iga Warta na nufin "orange na asali", wanda masanin ilimin tsire-tsire na Ingila na ƙarni na 19 John Lindley ya kira shi Capparis mitchelii. [9][10]

Kalmomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wasu magunguna masu sihiri.
  • "Witchetty grub": Kalmar witchetty ta fito ne daga kalmar Adynyamathanha witjuri, [11] daga wityu, ma'ana 'sandan da aka ƙugiya' da vartu, ma'anar 'grub'. A al'ada yana da wuya ga maza su tono musu. Witchetty grubs suna nunawa a matsayin Dreamings a cikin zane-zanen Aboriginal da yawa.  [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span>]
  • Mufa - waƙar waƙa

Bayani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). "Cultural diversity: Census". Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Adnyamathanha". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Guyani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ L10 Adnyamathanha at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies  (see the info box for additional links)
  5. ↑ L9 Kuyani at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  6. ↑ Austlit (18 February 2011). "Dorothy Tunbridge". AustLit. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Skujins, Angela (9 November 2020). "The first Adnyamathanha dictionary, 40 years in the making". CityMag. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  8. 1 2 "Adnyamathanha Dictionary Launched in Adelaide". Mobile Language Team. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  9. ↑ "Iga Warta: The Place of the Native Orange" (PDF). Iga Warta. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  10. ↑ "Plants Used by the Adnjamathanha". Australian Plants Society. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  11. ↑ Bock, David; Atkins, Brendan (11 Nov 2018). "Witchetty grubs". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Empty citation (help)
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Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Littattafan albarkatun Adnyamathanha An adana su , a Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander ta Australiya
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