Harshen Alyutor
Harshen Alyutor | |
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'Yan asalin magana |
11 (2020) 40 (2002) |
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Cyrillic script (en) ![]() | |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-3 |
alr |
Glottolog |
alut1245 [1] |
Alyutor ko Alutor yare ne na Rasha wanda ke cikin reshen Chukotkan na yarukan Chukotko-Kamchatkan, ta Alyutors. Yana mutuwa, kamar yadda aka ruwaito masu magana 25 kawai a cikin Ƙididdigar Rasha ta 2010.
Yanayin zamantakewa da harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alutor su ne 'yan asalin yankin arewacin Kamchatka Peninsula. Harshen ba a rubuta shi ba kuma yana mutuwa; a cikin shekarun 1970 mazaunan babban ƙauyen Alutor na Vyvenka a ƙarƙashin shekaru 25 ba su san yaren ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan makarantar ƙauyen Vyvenka ta fara koyar da yaren. Har zuwa shekara ta 1958 an dauki yaren a matsayin "ƙauye" (mai zama) yaren Koryak, amma ba a fahimta da al'adun gargajiya na Koryak. Sunan mai zaman kansa [ˈnəməlʔən] yana nufin "mutumin gari".
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sautin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alyutor yana da wasula shida, biyar daga cikinsu na iya zama tsawo ko gajere. schwa /ə/ ba zai iya zama mai tsawo ba.
A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
---|---|---|---|
Kusa | i iː | u uː | |
Tsakanin | da kumaːeː | ə | o oː |
Bude | a aː |
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai ƙwayoyin 18 a cikin Alyutor .
Labari | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Rashin ƙarfi | Faringel | Gishiri | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | palatalized | |||||||
Hanci | m | n | nʲ | ŋ | ||||
Plosive | p | t | k | q | ʔ | |||
Fricative | v | s | ɣ | ʕ | ||||
Kusanci | w | l | lʲ | j | ||||
Trill | r |
Damuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsi gabaɗaya ya faɗi a kan syllable na biyu na kalmomin polysyllabic, kuma a kan sylable na farko na kalmomin disyllabic, misali:
- /ˈmi.məl/ 'ruwa', /ˈɣəl. ɣən/ 'skin', /ˈta.wə.ja.tək/ 'don ciyarwa', / Нор. ˈla.vul/ 'miji', /pə. 'Yana sani da wannan. ŋən/ 'Mukluk'.
Ba za a iya jaddada syllable mai buɗewa wanda ke dauke da schwa ba. A sakamakon haka, idan kalmar disyllabic ta fara da irin wannan syllable, ana matsa lamba zuwa syllable na ƙarshe kuma daga baya ana ƙara sabon syllable epenthetic a ƙarshen, misali:
- */ˈmə.tan/ -> /məˈtan.nə/ 'sauro'.
Ba a taɓa jaddada sashi na ƙarshe na kalma ba.
Tsarin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dukkanin sassan Alyutor suna farawa da ma'anar guda ɗaya. Idan wasali ba shi da tsawo, gami da schwa, suna iya rufewa da ma'anar guda ɗaya. Ba a ba da izinin tarin ma'ana a cikin kalma ta farko ko matsayi na ƙarshe. Ana amfani da schwa don rushe tarin da ba a yarda da su ba.
Misalan su ne /ˈvi.tak/ 'yi aiki', /ˈtil.mə.til/ 'gwargwadon', /ˈʔitʔən/ 'parka'.
Yankin kalmomin Alyutor koyaushe suna daidai da iyakokin syllable.
Rubutun kalmomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Harshen Alyutor ba shi da rubutun hukuma, amma jaridar Aborigine Kamchatki tana amfani da rubutun da ke biyowa:
A kuma | B | A cikin | A cikinʼ | G | Gʼ gʼ | O.G. | D da |
Ya kasance | Ya kasance | Yã da ƙãra | JI | Z Z | Kuma da | Y ya | K zuwa |
Wannan shi ne wannan | L | M M | A'a da | Wannan shi ne wannan | Game da | P | R |
Daga | T. | Yana da shi | F | H x | C. | Ч ч | Sh. |
Щ щ | Jiki | Ы | Ya yi | E E. | Y Y | Ni ni ne |
Nau'in
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Alyutor". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.