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Harshen Alyutor

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Harshen Alyutor
'Yan asalin magana
11 (2020)
40 (2002)
Cyrillic script (en) Fassara
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 alr
Glottolog alut1245[1]

Alyutor ko Alutor yare ne na Rasha wanda ke cikin reshen Chukotkan na yarukan Chukotko-Kamchatkan, ta Alyutors. Yana mutuwa, kamar yadda aka ruwaito masu magana 25 kawai a cikin Ƙididdigar Rasha ta 2010.

Yanayin zamantakewa da harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Alutor su ne 'yan asalin yankin arewacin Kamchatka Peninsula. Harshen ba a rubuta shi ba kuma yana mutuwa; a cikin shekarun 1970 mazaunan babban ƙauyen Alutor na Vyvenka a ƙarƙashin shekaru 25 ba su san yaren ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan makarantar ƙauyen Vyvenka ta fara koyar da yaren. Har zuwa shekara ta 1958 an dauki yaren a matsayin "ƙauye" (mai zama) yaren Koryak, amma ba a fahimta da al'adun gargajiya na Koryak. Sunan mai zaman kansa [ˈnəməlʔən] yana nufin "mutumin gari".

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sautin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Alyutor yana da wasula shida, biyar daga cikinsu na iya zama tsawo ko gajere. schwa /ə/ ba zai iya zama mai tsawo ba.

A gaba Tsakiya Komawa
Kusa i iː u uː
Tsakanin da kumaːeː ə o oː
Bude a aː

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai ƙwayoyin 18 a cikin Alyutor .

Labari Alveolar Palatal Velar Rashin ƙarfi Faringel Gishiri
plain palatalized
Hanci m n ŋ
Plosive p t k q ʔ
Fricative v s ɣ ʕ
Kusanci w l j
Trill r

Matsi gabaɗaya ya faɗi a kan syllable na biyu na kalmomin polysyllabic, kuma a kan sylable na farko na kalmomin disyllabic, misali:

  • /ˈmi.məl/ 'ruwa', /ˈɣəl. ɣən/ 'skin', /ˈta.wə.ja.tək/ 'don ciyarwa', / Нор. ˈla.vul/ 'miji', /pə. 'Yana sani da wannan. ŋən/ 'Mukluk'.

Ba za a iya jaddada syllable mai buɗewa wanda ke dauke da schwa ba. A sakamakon haka, idan kalmar disyllabic ta fara da irin wannan syllable, ana matsa lamba zuwa syllable na ƙarshe kuma daga baya ana ƙara sabon syllable epenthetic a ƙarshen, misali:

  • */ˈmə.tan/ -> /məˈtan./ 'sauro'.

Ba a taɓa jaddada sashi na ƙarshe na kalma ba.

Tsarin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dukkanin sassan Alyutor suna farawa da ma'anar guda ɗaya. Idan wasali ba shi da tsawo, gami da schwa, suna iya rufewa da ma'anar guda ɗaya. Ba a ba da izinin tarin ma'ana a cikin kalma ta farko ko matsayi na ƙarshe. Ana amfani da schwa don rushe tarin da ba a yarda da su ba.

Misalan su ne /ˈvi.tak/ 'yi aiki', /ˈtil.mə.til/ 'gwargwadon', /ˈʔitʔən/ 'parka'.

Yankin kalmomin Alyutor koyaushe suna daidai da iyakokin syllable.

Rubutun kalmomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  Harshen Alyutor ba shi da rubutun hukuma, amma jaridar Aborigine Kamchatki tana amfani da rubutun da ke biyowa:

A kuma B A cikin A cikinʼ G Gʼ gʼ O.G. D da
Ya kasance Ya kasance Yã da ƙãra JI Z Z Kuma da Y ya K zuwa
Wannan shi ne wannan L M M A'a da Wannan shi ne wannan Game da P R
Daga T. Yana da shi F H x C. Ч ч Sh.
Щ щ Jiki Ы Ya yi E E. Y Y Ni ni ne
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Alyutor". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.