Harshen Apali
Appearance
| Harshen Apali | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
ena |
| Glottolog |
apal1256[1] |
Apalɨ (Apal), ko Emerum, yare ne na Lardin Madang, Papua New Guinea. Akɨ da Acɨ yare ne guda biyu waɗanda suka bambanta da juna.[2]
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sautin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | ɨ | u |
| Tsakanin | e | o | |
| Bude | a |
Juyin Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu abubuwan da suka shafi proto-Trans-New Guinea da Pawley ya gabatar (2012). [2]
- Tushen taƙaitawa
- (W) = Wade (n.d.), yaren Akɨ
- (Z) = Z"graggen (1980), yaren Acɨ
| proto-Trans-New Guinea | Aikin Apalɨ |
|---|---|
| *maŋgV 'wani abu mai laushi' | Maŋgɨ 'ƙwai' |
| *mapVn 'liver' | taswirarɨn |
| *maŋgat[a] 'hannuwa, baki' | Mɨka |
| *mVkVm 'ja' | mukum |
| * (m,mb) elak 'haske, walƙiya' | (Osum da Paynamar mira, Moresada maki) |
| *kumV- 'mutuwa' | kɨm- |
| *k (o,u) ma (n,ŋ) [V] ' wuyan hannu, wuyan hannu" | (sa) kum 'nape' |
| *iman 'louse' | Magana |
| *na- 'ci' | n |
| pMadang *na '2SG free pronome' | nama (duba kuma na- '2SG POSS") |
| pMadang *nu '3SG free pronome' | numbu (duba kuma nu- '3SG POSS") |
| *nVŋg- 'san, ji, gani' | iŋg- (wasu harsunan S Adelbert suna da niŋg-) |
| *kambena 'hannun' | ɗan adam |
| *kin (i,u) - 'barci' | (?) hɨni- 'zama, zauna, wanzu' |
| *[w]ani 'wa ne?" | ani |
| * (s,nd) umu (n,t) [V] 'gashi' | (?) Mɨnɨ |
| *mapVn 'liver' | Maßɨn |
| *iman 'louse' | Magana |
| *takVn[V] 'wata' | (Acɨ dial.) takun (Z), (Akɨ dial.) lakun (W) |
| *sa (ŋg,k) asiŋ 'sand' | kasɨŋ (Z) |
| *mb (i,u) t (i, u) C 'ƙafar hannu' | tɨpi (metath.) (Z) |
| *imbi 'sunan' | imbi (W) |
| *[ka] kabarin (C) 'gajere' | tɨmbɨ (W) |
| *si (mb,p) a [V] 'saliva' | sɨmbu 'ya yi tofa' |
| *simbil[VC] 'navel' | (Akɨ) simbilɨm, (Acɨ) cimbilɨm 'placenta, navel, umbilical cord" (W) |
| *si (m,mb) (i,u) + gyara 'buttocks' | 'ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa' |
| *kambena 'hannun, gaban hannu' | mutum (W) |
| *mapVn 'liver' | maβɨn (W) |
| *apa 'mahaifin' | iaβaŋ (W) |
| *apus[i]'kakan" | aβe 'kakar' |
| *apa (pa) ta 'butterfly' | (?) afafaŋ (Z) |
| *ka (nd,t) (e,i) kV 'kunne' | hinji (W) |
| *kindil 'tushen' | hɨnjɨlɨ (W) |
| *[ka] kabarin (C) 'gajere' | tɨmbɨ (W, Z) |
| *takVn[V] 'wata' | (Acɨ dial.) takun (Z) |
| *takVn[V] 'wata' | lakun (W) |
| *kumut, *tumuk 'doki' | lɨmbɨ (lami) 'zuwa tsawa' |
| *mb (i,u) t (i, u) C 'ƙafar hannu' | tɨpi (metath.) (Z) |
| *kit (i,u) 'ƙafa" | gɨtɨ (Z) |
| *kutV (mb,p) (a,u) [C] 'tsawon" | (Akɨ) hutaŋ (W), (Acɨ) kutes (Z) |
| *si (mb,p) a [V] 'saliva' | sɨmbu 'ya yi tofa' |
| *maŋgat[a] 'hannuwa, baki' | mɨka (W) |
| *si (mb,p) a [V] 'saliva' | sɨmbu 'ya yi tofa' |
| *simb (i,u) 'guts' | fuskarsa |
| *simbil[VC] 'navel' | (Akɨ) simbilɨm, (Acɨ) cimbilɨm (duka W) |
| *si (m,mb) (i,u) + gyara 'buttocks' | susum (W) |
| *sa (ŋg,k) asiŋ 'sand' | kasɨŋ (Z) |
| *maŋgV 'wani abu mai laushi' | Maŋgɨ 'ƙwai' |
| *nVŋg- 'san, ji, gani' | I bg- 'duba' |
| *maŋgat[a] 'hannuwa, baki' | mɨka (W) |
| *kumV- 'mutuwa' | kɨm- 'ya mutu' |
| *k (o,u) ma (n,ŋ) [V] ' wuyan hannu, wuyan hannu" | (sa) kum 'nape' |
| *kambena 'hannun' | mutum (W) |
| *kindil 'tushen' | hɨnjɨlɨ (W) (cf. gɨndrɨ 'tushen' |
| *ka (nd,t) (e,i) kV 'kunne' | hɨnji (W) |
| *kin (i,u) - 'barci, kwantawa' | hɨni- 'zama, zauna, wanzu' |
| *kutV (mb,p) (a,u) [C] 'tsawon" | Kasuwanci (W) |
| *kumV- 'mutuwa' | hɨmi- (W) |
| *kit (i,u) 'ƙafa" | gɨtɨ (Z) |
| *mVkVm 'cheek' | (Acɨ) mukum (W), Akɨ mɨhum (W) |
| *takVn[V] 'wata' | lakun (W) |
| *ka (nd,t) (e,i) kV 'kunne' | hɨnji (W) |
| *tumuk 'zuwa tsawa' | (?) lɨmbɨ (lami) (W) |
| *kindil 'tushen' | hɨndɨlɨ (W) (Z. yana ba da gundru) |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Apali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pawley, Andrew (2012). Hammarström, Harald; van den Heuvel, Wilco (eds.). "How reconstructable is proto Trans New Guinea? Problems, progress, prospects". History, Contact and Classification of Papuan Languages. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea (Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012: Part I): 88–164. ISSN 0023-1959. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Pawley-pTNG" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Daniels, Don Roger (June 2015). "A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram": 84–85. Cite journal requires
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