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Harshen Apali

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Harshen Apali
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 ena
Glottolog apal1256[1]

Apalɨ (Apal), ko Emerum, yare ne na Lardin Madang, Papua New Guinea. Akɨ da Acɨ yare ne guda biyu waɗanda suka bambanta da juna.[2]

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sautin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin Apalɨ [3]
A gaba Tsakiya Komawa
Kusa i ɨ u
Tsakanin e o
Bude a

Juyin Halitta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu abubuwan da suka shafi proto-Trans-New Guinea da Pawley ya gabatar (2012). [2]

Tushen taƙaitawa
  • (W) = Wade (n.d.), yaren Akɨ
  • (Z) = Z"graggen (1980), yaren Acɨ
proto-Trans-New Guinea Aikin Apalɨ
*maŋgV 'wani abu mai laushi' Maŋgɨ 'ƙwai'
*mapVn 'liver' taswirarɨn
*maŋgat[a] 'hannuwa, baki' Mɨka
*mVkVm 'ja' mukum
* (m,mb) elak 'haske, walƙiya' (Osum da Paynamar mira, Moresada maki)
*kumV- 'mutuwa' kɨm-
*k (o,u) ma (n,ŋ) [V] ' wuyan hannu, wuyan hannu" (sa) kum 'nape'
*iman 'louse' Magana
*na- 'ci' n
pMadang *na '2SG free pronome' nama (duba kuma na- '2SG POSS")
pMadang *nu '3SG free pronome' numbu (duba kuma nu- '3SG POSS")
*nVŋg- 'san, ji, gani' iŋg- (wasu harsunan S Adelbert suna da niŋg-)
*kambena 'hannun' ɗan adam
*kin (i,u) - 'barci' (?) hɨni- 'zama, zauna, wanzu'
*[w]ani 'wa ne?" ani
* (s,nd) umu (n,t) [V] 'gashi' (?) Mɨnɨ
*mapVn 'liver' Maßɨn
*iman 'louse' Magana
*takVn[V] 'wata' (Acɨ dial.) takun (Z), (Akɨ dial.) lakun (W)
*sa (ŋg,k) asiŋ 'sand' kasɨŋ (Z)
*mb (i,u) t (i, u) C 'ƙafar hannu' tɨpi (metath.) (Z)
*imbi 'sunan' imbi (W)
*[ka] kabarin (C) 'gajere' tɨmbɨ (W)
*si (mb,p) a [V] 'saliva' sɨmbu 'ya yi tofa'
*simbil[VC] 'navel' (Akɨ) simbilɨm, (Acɨ) cimbilɨm 'placenta, navel, umbilical cord" (W)
*si (m,mb) (i,u) + gyara 'buttocks' 'ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa'
*kambena 'hannun, gaban hannu' mutum (W)
*mapVn 'liver' maβɨn (W)
*apa 'mahaifin' iaβaŋ (W)
*apus[i]'kakan" aβe 'kakar'
*apa (pa) ta 'butterfly' (?) afafaŋ (Z)
*ka (nd,t) (e,i) kV 'kunne' hinji (W)
*kindil 'tushen' hɨnjɨlɨ (W)
*[ka] kabarin (C) 'gajere' tɨmbɨ (W, Z)
*takVn[V] 'wata' (Acɨ dial.) takun (Z)
*takVn[V] 'wata' lakun (W)
*kumut, *tumuk 'doki' lɨmbɨ (lami) 'zuwa tsawa'
*mb (i,u) t (i, u) C 'ƙafar hannu' tɨpi (metath.) (Z)
*kit (i,u) 'ƙafa" gɨtɨ (Z)
*kutV (mb,p) (a,u) [C] 'tsawon" (Akɨ) hutaŋ (W), (Acɨ) kutes (Z)
*si (mb,p) a [V] 'saliva' sɨmbu 'ya yi tofa'
*maŋgat[a] 'hannuwa, baki' mɨka (W)
*si (mb,p) a [V] 'saliva' sɨmbu 'ya yi tofa'
*simb (i,u) 'guts' fuskarsa
*simbil[VC] 'navel' (Akɨ) simbilɨm, (Acɨ) cimbilɨm (duka W)
*si (m,mb) (i,u) + gyara 'buttocks' susum (W)
*sa (ŋg,k) asiŋ 'sand' kasɨŋ (Z)
*maŋgV 'wani abu mai laushi' Maŋgɨ 'ƙwai'
*nVŋg- 'san, ji, gani' I bg- 'duba'
*maŋgat[a] 'hannuwa, baki' mɨka (W)
*kumV- 'mutuwa' kɨm- 'ya mutu'
*k (o,u) ma (n,ŋ) [V] ' wuyan hannu, wuyan hannu" (sa) kum 'nape'
*kambena 'hannun' mutum (W)
*kindil 'tushen' hɨnjɨlɨ (W) (cf. gɨndrɨ 'tushen'
*ka (nd,t) (e,i) kV 'kunne' hɨnji (W)
*kin (i,u) - 'barci, kwantawa' hɨni- 'zama, zauna, wanzu'
*kutV (mb,p) (a,u) [C] 'tsawon" Kasuwanci (W)
*kumV- 'mutuwa' hɨmi- (W)
*kit (i,u) 'ƙafa" gɨtɨ (Z)
*mVkVm 'cheek' (Acɨ) mukum (W), Akɨ mɨhum (W)
*takVn[V] 'wata' lakun (W)
*ka (nd,t) (e,i) kV 'kunne' hɨnji (W)
*tumuk 'zuwa tsawa' (?) lɨmbɨ (lami) (W)
*kindil 'tushen' hɨndɨlɨ (W) (Z. yana ba da gundru)
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Apali". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Pawley, Andrew (2012). Hammarström, Harald; van den Heuvel, Wilco (eds.). "How reconstructable is proto Trans New Guinea? Problems, progress, prospects". History, Contact and Classification of Papuan Languages. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea (Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012: Part I): 88–164. ISSN 0023-1959. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pawley-pTNG" defined multiple times with different content
  3. Daniels, Don Roger (June 2015). "A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram": 84–85. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)