Harshen Arosi

Harshen Arosi
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya da Gabas; Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Oceanic (en) ; Central–Eastern Oceanic (en) ; Southeast Solomonic (en) ; Malaita-Makira (en) ; Harshen Arosi; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	aia
Glottolog	aros1241

Arosi yare ne na Kudu maso gabashin Solomonic da ake magana a tsibirin Makira . ^[2] Mazauna da ke zaune a yammacin Kogin Wango a Makira (wanda aka fi sani da tsibirin San Cristobal) ne ke magana da Arosi. Makira tana cikin gabashin tsibirin Solomon . Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira ya ziyarci Makira kuma ya sanya masa suna a cikin shekara ta 1588. Bayan sauka a Makira, Mutanen Espanya sune na farko da suka yi rikodin Arosi, amma an fara rubuta kalmomi shida ne kawai. Arosi yana daya daga cikin harsunan da ba a san su sosai ba a Melanesia . ^[2]

Fasahar sauti

Arosi ya bambanta wasula 5 da ƙwayoyin 17, gami da hanci na hanci [ŋ] da kuma tsayawar glottal. Ba kamar sauran harsunan Oceanic ba, /b/, /bw/, /d/, da /g/ ba a yi amfani da su ba. Kodayake akwai sauti [j] a cikin Arosi, ba a rarrabe shi a rubuce daga wasula /i/ ba. Shafin da ke ƙasa yana nuna ƙwayoyin a cikin Arosi. Ga mafi yawanci, rubutun kalmomi a cikin Arosi yana da sauti. ^[2] ^[3]

Harshen Arosi
		Labari		Dental	Velar	Gishiri
		fili	Lab.	Dental	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	mʷ	n	ŋ
Dakatar da	voiceless	p	pʷ	t	k	ʔ
Dakatar da	voiced	b	bʷ	d	g	ʔ
Fricative				s		h
Ruwa				ɾ
Glide		w			(j)

Sauti /k, ɡ/ na iya samun allophones [kw, ɡw] lokacin da yake gaban wasula masu zagaye.

Sautin Arosi
	A gaba	Komawa
Kusa	i iː	u uː
Tsakanin	da kumaːeː	o oː
Bude	a aː

Tsarin sautin

Kalmomin ba su ƙare a cikin ma'anar ba; kowane sashi yana da ko dai tsarin V ko CV.^[2] Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna misalai da ke kwatanta nau'ikan nau'ikan syllable a cikin Arosi:

Arosi Tsarin Kalmomin
Nau'in sautin	Magana a cikin Arosi	Rarrabawar Kalmomin (Arosi)	Ma'anar Turanci
V	oani	[o.a.ni]	'don haka'
CV	taroha	[ta.ro.ha]	'Labarai'
VV	amanya	[aa.mi.a]	'ya damu'

Matsalar Magana

Kalmomin Arosi na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan damuwa guda biyu:

Matsalar Magana
Magana / Matsalar

Magana ta Magana

Idan aka kwatanta da Turanci da sauran yarukan Yammacin Turai, sautin Arosi yana da saurin motsawa daga mafi girma zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci maimakon ci gaba da ƙaruwa.^[2]

Magana ta jiki

Ana iya raba jumla ta Arosi zuwa nau'o'i biyu na asali: manyan kalmomi da ƙananan kalmomi.^[2]

Babban Hukunce-hukunce

Manyan kalmomi sun haɗa da kalma, kuma aƙalla nau'in aikatau ɗaya. Hakanan za'a iya raba manyan kalmomi zuwa kashi uku: mai sauƙi, fili, da rikitarwa.^[2] Manyan kalmomi sun kunshi kalma mai suna (NP) da kalma mai magana (VP). ^[2] Sau da yawa ana iya raba batun jumlar zuwa waɗannan nau'ikan jimloli guda biyu. Haɗakar da jimloli biyu (NP + VP) yana haifar da jumla mai faɗi. A ƙarshe, ana yin kalmomi masu rikitarwa daga jimloli masu rikitarwe tare da sassan da ke ƙasa da babban magana na jumlar.^[2]

Nau'o'in Manyan Hukunce
Babban Tsarin Harshe	Tsarinsa
Mai sauki	(NP + VP)
Haɗin	(NP +VP) + da / amma / ko + (NP + VP)
Mai rikitarwa	(NP +VP) + da / amma / ko + (NP + VP) + sashi na ƙasa

Baya ga kalmomi-kalma (NP) da kalmomi na magana (VP), wasu abubuwa da za a iya ƙarawa zuwa jumla, kamar wuri (L), Lokaci (T), ko Dalili (R). ^[2] Wadannan kalmomi masu rikitarwa an tsara su kamar haka:

S → NP + VP ± L ± T
+S + V + O ± L ± T ± R

An gabatar da misalai na nau'ikan jumla daban-daban a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

Misalan manyan kalmomi
Nau'in Tsarin Harshe	Hukuncin Arosi
S → NP + VP
S → NP + VP ± L ± T
S → NP1 + VP + NP2
+S + V + O ± L ± T ± R

Akwai buƙatu uku don magana ta baki a cikin Arosi:

dole ne a sami alamar batun (SM),
SM ya kasance ya ƙunshi morpheme, kuma
aikatau yana bin alamar fasalin.^[2]

Ƙananan Hukunce

Ƙananan jumla ba ta haɗa da kalma ba. Ƙananan kalmomi sune interjections, eh-a'a Sentences, da kuma Equational da kuma kwatanci.^[2]

Interjections

Interjections galibi aikatau ne ko sunaye. Lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin mai ba da izini, ana amfani da wakilin mutum na biyu (ba tare da la'akari da ƙarin -na ba). Sauran interjections da aka saba amfani da su sune kaia 'Ban sani ba' da bwaia 'Ba na fahimta'. ^[2]

Haka ne-A'a

Nau'in ƙaramin jumla na gaba shine a'a. Waɗannan tambayoyin ne waɗanda za a iya amsawa da 'yes' ko 'a'a', a cikin Arosi 'Ina da' 'ai'a, bi da bi. Misali na jumla ita ce 'o tauaro? Io! 'Shin kuna aiki? Haka ne!'.^[2]

Daidaitawa da Bayyanawa

nau'i na uku na ƙananan jumla shine Adadin da Bayyanawa, wanda ya wanzu da farko saboda babu copula (kowane aikatau "zama") a cikin Arosi. Ana amfani da jimloli na daidaito da bayanin don nuna daidaito tsakanin abubuwa biyu daban-daban.^[2]

Ƙananan Hukunce
Nau'in Tsarin Harshe	Misali na Arosi
Interjection
Haka ne, a'a
Daidaitawa da Bayyanawa

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Arosi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 Capell 1971
↑ Lynch & Horoi 2002.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Arosi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:0-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 Capell 1971

[FOOTNOTELynchHoroi2002-3] Lynch & Horoi 2002.

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